利用DSC和Miedema模型研究锂变质处理A356合金的共晶变质(英文)

通过SEM和DSC研究添加锂对A356合金的共晶变质效果的影响。SEM显微组织观察表明:当锂的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时,A356合金的共晶组织形貌由条片状转变为纤维状的变质效果很明显,与之对应的显微硬度也较高;变质效果会随着冷却速率的加快而增强,随着保温时间的延长而衰退。DSC结果表明:共晶凝固温度随着锂添加量的增加而降低,并且在铸铁铸型中,共晶温度降低了2.9°C。用Miedema模型计算A356合金中锂与硅及锂与铝的混合焓,结果表明锂的变质机制为阻止晶粒长大的变质理论。     

Moderate Dilution of Copper Slag by Natural Gas

To enable use of copper slag and extract the maximum value from the contained copper, an innovative method of reducing moderately diluted slag to smelt copper-containing antibacterial stainless steel is proposed. This work focused on moderate dilution of copper slag using natural gas. The thermodynamics of copper slag dilution and ternary phase diagrams of the slag system were calculated. The effects of blowing time, temperature, matte settling time, and calcium oxide addition were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were identified to be blowing time of 20 min, reaction temperature of 1250°C, settling time of 60 min, CaO addition of 4% of mass of slag, natural gas flow rate of 80 mL/min, and outlet pressure of 0.1 MPa. Under these conditions, the Fe₃O₄ and copper contents of the residue were 7.36% and 0.50%, respectively.     

等温热处理工艺参数对Mg-8%Al-1%Si合金半固态显微组织的影响(英文)

采用等温热处理工艺制备具有半固态显微组织的Mg-8%Al-1%Si合金,研究等温热处理工艺参数(等温温度和等温时间)对Mg-8%Al-1%Si合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:通过等温热处理工艺可以得到具有非枝晶组织的Mg-8%Al-1%Si合金。随着等温温度从560°C升高至575°C或等温时间从5min延长至30min,半固态组织中的液相体积分数增加,α-Mg晶粒尺寸变大并且其球化趋势明显。此外,在半固态组织中的共晶Mg2Si相从汉字状转变成为颗粒状。研究等温热处理Mg-8%Al-1%Si合金中的共晶Mg2Si相的形貌转变机制。     

微波还原氮化富硼渣合成(Ca,Mg)-α′-Sialon-AlN-BN复合粉体(英文)

以硼铁矿高炉铁硼分离后的产物富硼渣为主要原料,在微波场下采用碳热还原氮化法合成了(Ca,Mg)-α′-Sialon-AlN-BN复合粉体。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析手段研究了合成温度和恒温时间对合成粉体相组成和显微形貌的影响,并与传统加热方式合成的粉体进行了对比。结果表明:在微波场下,合成温度和恒温时间对产物相组成影响显著。随着合成温度的升高或恒温时间的延长,产物中α′-Sialon相对含量逐渐增加,并在1400°C、恒温6h时成为产物主晶相。此时,产物中还有AlN、BN及少量β-SiC。合成粉体中α′-Sialon晶粒多呈长柱状,AlN晶粒呈短棒状,BN晶粒多为纳米级并彼此发生团聚。与传统加热方式的最佳合成条件相比,微波场下粉体的合成温度降低了80°C,恒温时间缩短了2h,产物中长柱状α′-Sialon晶粒数量明显增多,且具有更大的长径比。     

Decomposition of acid dissolved titanium slag from Australia by sodium hydroxide

The kinetics of the decomposition of acid dissolved titanium slag with a sodium hydroxide system under atmospheric pressure was studied. The effect of reaction temperature, particle size and NaOH-to-slag mass ratio on titanium extraction was investigated. The results show that temperature and particle size have significant influence on titanium extraction. The experimental data of titanium extraction show that the shrinking core model with chemical reaction controlled process is most applicable for the decomposition of slag, with an apparent activation energy of 62.4 kJ·mol⁻¹. Approximately 85 wt.%−90 wt.% of the titanium can be extracted from the slag under the optimal conditions. In addition, the purity of titanium dioxide obtained in the product is up to 98.5 wt.%.     

Li对快速凝固Mg96.5Gd2.5Zn1合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

本文考察了快速凝固条件下不同含量Li元素添加对长周期有序结构相增强Mg-Gd-Zn合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Li元素的添加,铸态合金中Gd、Zn溶质原子在镁基体晶粒中的过饱和度降低、(Mg,Zn)₃Gd晶界析出相增加、镁基体晶粒尺寸减小。而固溶处理后,随着Li含量的增加,合金中14H型长周期堆垛有序结构相(LPSO)的形成受到抑制,同时纳米/亚微米(Mg,Zn)₃Gd颗粒相大量析出,当Li为7.6at. %时合金中无LPSO形成。经热挤压变形后,合金中块状14H相发生扭着分层开裂、层片状14H相发生不同程度溶解、(Mg,Zn)₃Gd相破碎细化、基体发生不同程度再结晶;不加Li的Mg_96.5Gd_2.5Zn₁表现出最佳的力学性能(UTS=325,δ=9.5%),而含Li合金则随Li含量的增加,力学性能逐步下降。合金在不同条件下的组织转变机理及力学行为变化被进行了分析。     

废旧锂离子电池火法冶炼富锰渣中锰和锂的提取（英文）

开展富锰渣硫酸化焙烧-水浸选择性提取锰和锂的试验,采用XRD、TG-DSC和SEM-EDS详细分析锰和锂的提取机理。结果表明,在酸浓度为82%(质量分数)、酸矿质量比1.5:1、焙烧温度800℃和焙烧时间2 h时,Mn和Li的浸出率分别达到73.71%和73.28%。焙烧过程中,富锰渣首先与浓硫酸反应形成Mn SO₄、MnSO₄·H₂O、Li₂Mg(SO₄)₂、Al₂(SO₄)₃和H₄SiO₄。随着焙烧温度的升高,H₄SiO₄和Al₂(SO₄)₃依次分解,并形成莫来石和尖晶石相。莫来石的形成有利于降低Al和Si的浸出率而增加Li的浸出率;而尖晶石的形成则会降低Mn和Li的浸出率。     

铋系高温超导粉体的处理与相组成的控制

对采用喷雾干燥法制备的铋系超导粉体进行焙烧处理,通过改变温度、氧分压、保温时间等工艺参数,对铋系高温超导粉末中的相组成进行控制,制备出相组成不同的超导粉末.采用XRD分析超导粉末的相结构及相组成.本研究的目的是得到相组成不同的超导粉末的制备工艺条件,并对工艺参数进行优化.     

自孕育法制备AZ31镁合金半固态流变成形组织(英文)

采用新型自孕育流变铸造技术对变形镁合金半固态组织进行控制。该工艺过程为将合金熔体与一定量的合金固体颗粒(自孕育剂)混合,然后将混合金属通过一个多流股导流器浇入铸型或收集器。结果表明:采用自孕育工艺,合金熔体处理温度690~710℃,孕育剂的加入量为3%~7%时能有效将AZ31镁合金传统铸造中的粗大枝晶组织转变为细小、近球状的非枝晶组织;当合金熔体处理温度较高时,增加孕育剂的加入量或减小导流器的倾斜角度有利于获得非枝晶组织。自孕育工艺制备的AZ31镁合金半固态浆料在620℃等温保温30s后能有效改善初生α-Mg颗粒的圆整度;延长保温时间有助于减小颗粒的圆整度,但同时颗粒发生粗化。利用Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner(LSW)理论对初生相颗粒在等温保温过程中的组织圆整、粗化过程进行了分析。     

Pressure leaching of converter vanadium slag with waste titanium dioxide

The process of pressure leaching the converter vanadium slag with waste titanium dioxide without roasting was studied. Mineralogy analysis indicates that the converter vanadium slag contains mainly three mineral phases: magnetite, titanium magnetite, and silicate phase. Vanadium is in combination with iron, titanium, manganese, aluminum, and silicon. The impacts of leaching temperature, leaching time, stirring speed, liquid-to-solid ratio, and initial leaching agent concentration were investigated on the waste titanium dioxide leaching process. The results indicate that under the optimal conditions, the vanadium and the iron leaching rates are 96.85 % and 93.50 %, respectively, and the content of titanium is 12.6 % in the residue. The main mineral phases for the residues under the optimal operation conditions are quartz, ilmenite, anatase, and silicate phase, and the residues can be reused as the extraction of titanium raw materials for titanium dioxide production technology by the sulfate method.     

Preparation of LiNi_(1-y)Co_yO_2 in certain oxygen pressure

1　INTRODUCTIONLi ionbatteryisthenewlydevelopedrecharge ablebatterysubsequenttoCd/NiandMH/Nibat tery .Itshighenergypropertyisnotonlyfitforthepowersupplyofsmallscaleelectricproductdevelop ingattopspeed ,butalsofitforthepowersupplyofthelargescalemotivepowertooltoavoid pollutingtheenvironment .Thepreparationofcathodematerialisthekeylinksforthedevelopmentoflithiumionbattery .Atpresent ,thecathodematerialsusedinlithiumionbatteryareLiCoO2 ,LiNiO2 ,LiMn2 O4 andtheirderivatives .Amongthem ,…     

基于正交法塑料支撑件注射工艺参数优化研究

应用Moldflow有限元分析软件,针对支撑件产生缺陷的原因,合理设计模具的浇注系统和温度调节系统,以翘曲变形量作为质量指标,采用多因素正交法获得塑件在熔料温度、模具温度、保压压力、保压时间、注射时间五因素四水平下成型的翘曲变形量,采用方差分析比较了不同工艺参数对翘曲变形量的影响程度,得到了优化的工艺参数组合。     

改性含钛高炉渣中铁、钒和钛的回收

提出两段氧化—碱浸—酸浸工艺来回收改性含钛高炉渣中的铁、钒和钛.较佳的提铁实验条件为一段氧化时间40 s和保温时间8 min,铁的回收率为89.93％.较佳的提钒实验条件为总氧化时间126 s、NaOH浓度4.0 mol/L、浸出温度95℃、浸出时间90 min和碱浸循环次数4,钒的浸出率为92.13％.较佳的提钛实验...     

真空条件下镁蒸气相变形核及冷凝(英文)

描述真空条件下可凝镁蒸气的形核与长大,并从分子水平的研究原理解释这些过程。在平均真空度为40Pa条件下,分析系统压力、冷凝区温度及温度梯度对镁蒸气冷凝的影响。采用自主设计的多级冷凝设备,通过真空蒸发冷凝制备块状镁和镁粉。利用扫描电镜(SEM)与能谱(EDS)进行分析。结果表明:在真空条件下,适宜的气-液转变温度是提高蒸气冷凝富集率的关键所在;而较小的温度梯度则是抑制蒸气发生气-固转变的主要途径;在特定的冷凝温度及温度梯度下,蒸气分压及浓度的提高可以明显改善镁的结晶形貌,降低氧化率。     

Phase conversion and removal of impurities during oxygen-rich alkali conversion of high titanium slag

In order to achieve high-efficiency alkali conversion and impurity removal of high titanium slag under the condition of low alkali concentration, a new way of oxygen-rich alkali conversion in KOH solution was proposed. The conversion law of element occurrence state and the influence of the conversion conditions on the titanium conversion rate and removal rate of silicon and aluminum were studied. The results showed that the KOH solution converted the titanium oxide in high titanium slag into whisker-like potassium titanate. Silicon and aluminum elements were dissolved into the solution. Under the following conditions, KOH concentration of 6 mol/L, conversion temperature of 260 °C, initial oxygen partial pressure of 2 MPa, liquid?solid ratio of 35 mL/g, conversion time of 4 h, and high titanium slag particle size of 48?74 μm, the conversion rate of titanium was 97.0%, and the removal rates of silicon and aluminum were 90.2% and 76.2%, respectively. Oxygen-rich alkali conversion product was converted to rutile with a TiO₂ grade of 99.1% by acid hydrolysis conversion.     

Al-Si活塞挤压铸造工艺研究

从铸件毛坯图与模具的设计入手,研究了190型Al-Si活塞的挤压铸造工艺。结果表明,190型Al-Si活塞挤压铸造合适的加压压力为71.3～79.2MPa,加压开始时间不超过60s,加压速度为0.004～0.006m/s,保压时间为110～130s。另外,对模具的预热、涂料、浇注与扒渣等工艺及铸造质量进行了分析。     

固溶时间对Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金Si颗粒形貌和力学性能的影响

在535℃对Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金在不同保温时间下进行固溶处理,分别用OM、SEM、DSC分析研究固溶保温时间对合金中微观Si颗粒形貌、断口形貌和析出相行为以及合金力学性能的影响.结果表明,保温1h合金中的Si颗粒能实现熔断和分离,当保温时间达到3h时能获得最佳形貌的Si颗粒,此后延长保温时间则会出现过烧,恶化Si颗粒形貌.固溶保温3h的合金具有最佳的强度和塑性,表现出最优的综合力学性能,能析出稳定的强化相Mg2Si粒子,实现Si、Mg等元素的均匀化分布.     

以铜和Cu-Ti作为中间层的TiAl/GH3536扩散焊

采用铜箔和Cu-Ti合金作为中间层进行了TiAl和GH3536的扩散焊试验.以铜箔作为中间层在935℃/10 MPa/1 h参数下获得的焊缝组织以Ti（Cu,Al）2,AlCu2Ti和AlNi2Ti相为主,焊缝中存在裂纹.接头室温平均抗剪强度仅有31 MPa.以Cu-Ti合金作为中间层在935℃下采用三种不同参数进行了TiAl和GH3536的液相扩散焊试验.当加压3 MPa,保温10 min时,扩散焊缝中央还存在着宽度约5μm的残留相.保温时间延长至1 h,焊缝形成了较为均匀的分层组织,获得的接头室温抗剪强度最高,达180 MPa.增大压力至20 MPa,保温2 h获得的接头中出现AlNi2Ti相,接头平均室温抗剪强度下降至90 MPa.