三种手术方式治疗陈旧性骨质疏松性脊柱骨折合并后凸畸形

[目的]评价不同截骨方式治疗陈旧性骨质疏松性脊柱骨折合并后凸畸形的临床效果,并探讨其适应证。[方法]回顾性分析本院2008年12月~2014年7月采用不同截骨方式治疗的61例骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折合并后凸畸形患者,其中15例采用SPO截骨(Smith-Perterson osteotomy),32例单节段经椎弓根蛋壳截骨(pedicle subtration osteotomy,PSO),14例采用经前柱撑开结构性植骨后柱加压闭合截骨。[结果]所有患者均获随访,时间6~65个月。截骨愈合时间3~5个月,平均3.6个月。所有患者均顺利进行手术。SPO截骨组手术时间120~190min,平均(140.5±14.5)min,术中出血量400~1 500 ml,平均(650.3±50.3)ml,术前Cobb角20°~45°,平均(26.4±9.6)°,术后恢复至6°~15°,平均(8±2.4)°,末次随访时(9±2.3)°。PSO组:手术时间163~247min,平均(206.7±19.5)min,术中出血量580~1 800 ml,平均(947.4±48.3)ml。术前Cobb角40°~50°,平均(46.2±11.2)°,术后恢复至4°~9°,平均(6.7±1.6)°,末次随访时(7±3.1)°。前柱撑开后柱加压闭合组:手术时间198~261 min,平均(236.4±20.1)min,术中出血量809~2 216 ml,平均1 350 ml,术前Cobb角52°~75°,平均(63.4±12.4)°,术后恢复至6°~16°,平均(10.0±2.1)°,末次随访时(12±3.4)°。三组患者术后及末次随访VAS评分、ODI指数较术前均有明显改善(P0.05)。[结论]截骨融合内固定术是治疗骨质疏松性压缩性骨折伴后凸畸形的有效方法,截骨方式的选择应根据患者病情综合考虑,制定个体化治疗方案是收到良好效果的关键。     

陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发胸腰椎后凸畸形的手术治疗

[目的]观察后路截骨矫形手术治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)继发胸腰椎后凸畸形的临床疗效。[方法]2004年5月~2014年7月,采用后路截骨矫形手术治疗18例陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。男2例、女16例,年龄54~73岁,平均65.8岁。15例采用后路经后凸顶点(椎弓根或椎间隙)截骨(PSO)闭合矫形或前方撑开后方闭合矫形术。3例采用后凸节段切除截骨(VCR)双轴旋转矫形和前柱重建术。观察手术前后的脊柱矢状位平衡(C7铅垂线与S1后上缘的水平距离,SVA)、后凸角、腰椎前凸角(LL)的变化。通过术前及末次随访JOA29评分、VAS和Oswestry功能障碍评分(ODI)的比较评估患者生活质量。应用改良Frankel分级系统评估手术前后神经功能变化。[结果]手术前后凸角度平均(45.9°±13.2°),腰椎前凸角平均(35.9°±20.8°),脊柱SVA平均(38.4±51.1)mm。随访时间平均51个月,末次随访后凸角度平均(10.7°±6.7°),平均改善率76.7%,腰椎前凸角平均(27.7°±12.5°)。末次随访脊柱SVA平均(14.6±49.5)mm,平均改善率为63.2%。术前4例神经损害患者改良Frankel分级为3例D2、1例D3,术后提高至3例D3、1例E。术前腰痛VAS评分平均为6.8、JOA29评分平均为14.6、ODI评分平均为58.8%,术后腰痛VAS评分平均为2.3分、JOA29评分平均为20.2分、ODI评分平均为31.1%,相比术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]后路截骨矫形手术可有效治疗陈旧性OVCF继发胸腰椎后凸畸形,恢复脊柱序列,获得较好的临床效果。     

脊柱截骨矫形技术治疗成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形的疗效及安全性的前瞻性观察

目的:探讨应用脊柱截骨矫形技术治疗成人复杂脊柱侧后凸矫形术的安全性,并评估其临床应用价值。方法:选择2011年9月~2012年9月期间应用截骨技术治疗的成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形患者进行前瞻性研究。所有入选患者均于手术前后及末次随访时测量侧凸Cobb角、最大后凸Cobb角、冠状面平衡(distance between C7 plumbline and center sacral vertical line C7PL-CSVL)和矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)等影像学相关参数。同时采用SF-36量表、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、SRS-22量表等评估其临床疗效,并使用AISA评分法评价患者手术前后及末次随访时神经功能情况。结果:共17例患者最终纳入本次研究,其中男7例,女10例;年龄18~55岁(34.6±10.9)岁,术前侧凸Cobb角51°~97°(78.5°±13.1°),后凸Cobb角50°~112°(71.8°±19.8°),C7PL-CSVL为58.4±21.3mm,SVA为56.4±51.2mm。手术时间200~540min(406.1±82.2min);术中出血量1000~12000ml(4088.9±2546.9ml)。术后侧凸Cobb角为37.7°±17.7°,后凸Cobb角为25.0°±16.4°,矫正率分别为51.9%±18.7%和67.2%±20.3%;C7PL-CSVL为18.0±9.4mm,SVA为27.6±16.9mm,均较术前明显改善。随访24.3±1.8个月,末次随访时侧、后凸Cobb角分别为39.5°±16.6°和26.2°±17.6°,C7PL-CSVL为22.1±15.4mm,SVA为30.4±17.1mm,随访期间无明显矫正丢失。术中监测均无诱发电位异常改变,无死亡、瘫痪等严重并发症,术后5例患者出现肢体远端一过性感觉功能减退,1例患者椎体前壁骨折,1例患者螺钉置钉不良,2例患者随访期间发生内固定并发症,总体并发症发生率为52.9%。术后和末次随访时的SF-36、VAS、ODI、SRS-22与术前比较均有明显改善,术后和末次随访时无显著性差异,ASIA运动和感觉评分与术前比较无显著性差异。结论:经后路脊柱截骨术治疗成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形矫正角度大,术后三维矫形效果满意,可显著改善患者临床症状和生活质量,但存在手术时间长、出血量大、并发症多等风险。     

后路截骨矫形固定治疗老年骨质疏松性陈旧胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形

目的探讨后路截骨矫形固定治疗老年骨质疏松性陈旧性胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法 2007-04-2012-12采用后路Ponte截骨矫形手术治疗11例老年骨质疏松性多节段陈旧胸腰骨折伴后凸畸形的患者。术前、术后2周及末次随访时采用X线片观察Cobb角、SVA间距改善情况,应用VAS评分评价患者疼痛情况以及观察神经功能和术后并发症。结果末次随访VAS评分为0~5分,平均3.3分;矢状位后凸Cobb角11°~23°,平均17°,丢失2.2%;SVA间距为-1.6~2.0 cm,平均1.1 cm。术前术后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路截骨矫形固定治疗老年骨质疏松性多节段陈旧性胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形,矢状面平衡恢复好,可取得良好的近期疗效。     

复位导向器在强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形截骨矫形术中的应用

目的 :探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)治疗强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腰椎后凸畸形术中采用复位导向器预防截骨椎脱位的有效性。方法 :回顾性分析2014年4~12月在我院行单节段PSO矫形内固定术中应用复位导向器的27例AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。所有患者手术前后均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片并在矢状面上测量胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)和矢状面平衡距离(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。随访观察神经并发症及截骨椎脱位情况,以截骨水平的头侧与尾侧脊椎间,截骨椎在矢状面上移位(sagittal translation,ST)大于5mm定义为截骨椎脱位。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术。平均随访5.2±2.4个月(3~12个月),术前TK为43.2°±10.6°,GK为72.6°±15.1°,LL为2.3°±13.5°,SVA为12.8±4.2cm;术后分别为42.9°±11.8°、38.2°±12.4°、-38.6°±13.0°和3.2±5.8cm;末次随访时分别为42.7°±10.5°、38.8°±15.2°、-38.4°±11.6°和3.3±6.4cm。除TK外,其余参数手术前后相比均有统计学意义(P0.01);末次随访时,TK、GK、LL及SVA的矫正丢失无统计学差异(P0.05)。无患者出现术中截骨椎脱位,除1例短暂性右下肢麻木外,无其他神经并发症发生。结论:采用PSO治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,术中应用复位导向器械能有效预防截骨椎脱位的发生。     

陈旧结核性脊柱后凸的后路手术治疗

目的 观察后路截骨矫形手术治疗陈旧结核性脊柱后凸的临床效果.方法 自2004年6月至2008年12月采用后路截骨矫形固定手术治疗31例陈旧结核性脊柱后凸患者,其中男性12例,女性19例,年龄13 ～56岁,平均33.4岁.手术方式包括后路经后凸顶点(椎弓根或椎间隙)截骨+闭合矫形或前方撑开-后方闭合矫形和后凸融合节段切除截骨,双轴旋转矫形和前柱重建.观察手术前后的后凸角度、腰椎前凸角和脊柱矢状位的平衡状况.同时于术前和随访时应用Frankel分级评定下肢神经功能,应用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者生活质量.用患者满意指数(PSI)评价手术满意度.结果 术前平均后凸角度为94°±27°,平均腰椎前凸角为71°±20°,脊柱矢状位力线平均为(-15 ±44)mm.术后1周平均后凸角度改善为26°±11°,平均改善率为71.4％.术后平均随访22.5个月,末次随访时平均后凸角度为28°±12°,平均改善率为70.0％;平均腰椎前凸角为46°±11°,平均改善率为35.1％.术后后凸角度和腰椎前凸角与术前相比,其差异均有统计学意义(t=16.3和8.1,P＜0.05).脊柱矢状位力线平均为(-4 ±22)mm,平均改善率为73.4％.术前患者Frankel分级为E级13例,D级13例,C级5例;末次随访时E级增加至20例,D级8例,C级3例.术前ODI评分平均为(13±12)分,末次随访时改善为(7±8)分,平均改善率为45.2％.PSI显示总满意率为90.3％.结论 根据陈旧结核性脊柱后凸畸形的严重程度选择合适的截骨矫形方式,可以获得较好的手术效果.     

顶椎远端截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形

目的 :探讨顶椎远端经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)治疗强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腰椎后凸畸形的适应证和疗效。方法:2001年1月～2017年8月采用顶椎远端PSO手术治疗39例AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,男35例,女4例;年龄20～59岁(38.2±10.5岁)。顶椎分布于T9～L1之间。9例合并假关节,其中5例位于顶椎远端者伴神经功能损害,4例位于顶椎者不伴神经功能损害。2例术前已行双侧髋关节置换术;37例术前伴一侧或双侧髋关节功能障碍,巴氏AS放射指数(BASRI)左侧为2.56±0.77分,右侧为2.42±0.65分,其中24例患者单侧或双侧髋关节间隙明显狭窄(BASRI≥3分)。22例术前腰椎前凸不足,1例腰椎后凸。腰背痛VAS评分4.83±2.03。记录患者的截骨节段和手术并发症;术前、术后及末次随访时摄站立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片,测量胸腰椎最大后凸角(global kyphosis,GK)、矢状面躯干偏移(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordois,LL)、固定节段后凸角(angle of fused segments,AFS)和颌眉角(chin-brow vertical angle,CBVA)。结果:39例患者均完成矫形手术,截骨节段:T12 2例,L1 8例,L2 16例,L3 12例,L5 1例。1例术中截骨椎脱位;1例术中不良置钉;1例术中硬脊膜破裂,术后脑脊液漏;无术中大血管损伤、术后无感染等并发症。术后所有患者后凸畸形及平视功能得到改善,腰背痛症状缓解。随访14～144个月(40.26±28.52个月),2例内固定断裂,其中1例行翻修术,3个月随访内固定在位,融合良好;1例无症状,固定区域稳定,未处理。所有患者术后无假关节形成。术前GK、LL、SVA、CBVA分别为69.47°±14.37°、19.32°±19.19°、120.77±48.34mm、23.00°±17.08°,术后分别为28.76°±12.83°、51.62°±16.08°、26.56±41.12mm、4.19°±6.58°,末次随访时分别为30.53°±13.95°、49.32°±16.64°、32.56±35.14mm、4.78°±6.22°,术后与术前比较均有显著性差异(P0.05),末次随访时与术后比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后AFS平均为22.77°±10.86°,末次随访时为24.29°±10.99°,无统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访时VAS评分为1.82±1.64,与术前比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者于顶椎远端行PSO手术可以明显改善矢状面平衡,对以矫正SVA为主要目的、术前顶椎区假关节不伴有神经损害、顶椎远端假关节伴有神经损害、术前髋关节功能受限、顶椎位置位于胸腰段以上、腰椎前凸不足或后凸且顶椎位置位于胸腰交界处的患者,于顶椎远端截骨可以取得满意手术疗效。     

比较经椎弓根与Smith-Peterson截骨对退变性侧后凸畸形冠矢状面平衡重建的影响

 目的 比较经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy, PSO）与Smith-Petersen截骨（Smith-Petersen osteotomy, SPO）对退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者冠、矢状面平衡重建的效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年5月至2010年11月行PSO或SPO矫形内固定术的47例退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者资料。PSO组25例,男1例,女24例;年龄47~69岁,平均（58.29±5.85）岁;平均Cobb角47.67°±11.57°。SPO组22例,男2例,女20例;年龄49~70岁,平均（60.31±6.25）岁;平均Cobb角38.33°±11.96°。所有患者随访时间均在两年以上。测量患者术前、术后及末次随访时冠状面Cobb角、冠状面躯干倾斜距离（TS）、顶椎偏移距离（AVT）、矢状面平衡（SVA）、胸椎后凸（TK）、腰椎前凸（LL）、骨盆投射角（PI）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）。结果 术前两组患者除PSO组TS显著大于SPO组外,其余指标均匹配。两组患者术后SVA存在显著差异,其余影像学参数比较差异均无统计学意义;末次随访两组患者的影像学参数均无显著差异。两组患者术后和随访时,除TS、TK与PI外,其他参数分别与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义。PSO组TS由术前37.21 mm下降至术后24.67 mm,末次随访为21.69 mm,而SPO组TS由术前18.91 mm增加至术后37.43 mm,末次随访降至17.84 mm。PSO组术后SVA为-15.13 mm,末次随访恢复至11.02 mm,而SPO组术后SVA为16.68 mm,末次随访为19.26 mm,两组间SVA矫正值差异存在统计学意义。结论 PSO和SPO均能有效重建退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形的矢状面形态; PSO术后易出现SVA的过度矫正,而SPO术后可出现冠状面失平衡;但两者在随访过程中均可得到自发纠正。     

儿童及青少年颈胸段/上胸段先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形手术治疗的疗效与并发症

目的:评估儿童及青少年颈胸段/上胸段先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形手术治疗的疗效和并发症。方法:回顾性研究2005年4月～2018年1月于我科接受手术治疗的颈胸段及上胸段先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者45例,男27例,女18例;年龄10.9±3.1岁(5～15)岁。术前所有患者均存在双肩不等高以及斜颈,2例患者存在脊髓受压及神经功能障碍(均为ASIA D级)。术前均行全脊柱CT平扫及三维重建,畸形顶点位于颈椎12例,位于胸椎33例;形成障碍型24例,分节障碍型5例,混合型16例;28例患者存在代偿性胸弯/胸腰弯;23例患者伴发其他部位的脊柱畸形。所有患者术前均行全脊柱MRI明确椎管内病变情况。对于计划进行颈胸段(C7/T1)截骨或颈椎固定的患者,行双侧椎动脉CT造影(CTA)检查。所有患者均行三柱截骨侧后凸矫形内固定植骨融合术,其中44例患者为单纯后路手术,1例接受C6-7半椎体切除患者行前后路联合手术。截骨水平位于颈椎12例,位于胸椎33例;半椎体切除术32例,全脊椎切除术10例,经椎弓根截骨术3例。6例患者代偿弯行手术治疗,其中4例接受后路融合术,2例接受双生长棒手术。于术后3个月、6个月及1年随访,此后每年进行随访。术前、术后及随访时均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,对原发侧凸、代偿侧凸及节段性后凸Cobb角与锁骨角、斜颈角度及矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)进行测量。统计手术时间、术中出血量和手术并发症情况。结果:手术时间为269.1±65.3min(150～310min),术中出血量为987±157ml(500～2700ml)。45例患者均获1年以上随访,随访时间2.8±0.6(1～13)年。原发侧凸Cobb角术前为51.3°±13.9°,术后10.3°±6.4°,末次随访时12.4°±7.5°;代偿侧凸术前为32.1°±23.0°,术后11.1°±21.0°,末次随访时16.3°±23.1°;节段性后凸Cobb角术前为24.2°±15.2°,术后9.2°±8.7°,末次随访时10.4°±9.4°;斜颈术前为19.3°±5.0°,术后4.6°±3.0°,末次随访时5.7°±4.1°;锁骨角术前为7.5°±3.1°,术后2.7°±1.9°,末次随访时2.1°±1.2°;SVA术前为-9.1±16.1mm,术后-12.3±11.2mm,末次随访时-7.5±15.2mm。术后的原发侧凸Cobb角、代偿性侧凸Cobb角、斜颈角度、锁骨角及节段性后凸Cobb角与术前比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),末次随访时的原发侧凸、代偿性侧凸及节段性后凸Cobb角与术后比较有统计学差异(P0.05);SVA术前、术后及末次随访时均在正常范围内,无统计学差异(P0.05)。2例术前存在神经功能障碍者术后完全恢复正常。22例患者发生24例次并发症,其中一过性脊髓损伤伴C8神经根损伤1例,一过性神经根损伤14例,Horner综合征1例,内固定失败2例,血胸3例,切口延迟愈合1例,肺不张1例。结论:三柱截骨术治疗颈胸段及上胸段先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形矫形效果良好,但手术相关并发症风险较高,一过性神经根损伤较为常见,需引起外科医生充分的重视。     

后路截骨联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的探讨经后路截骨联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形疗效。方法对26例僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者进行后路截骨、椎弓根内固定矫形。8例行后路Ponte截骨,13例行椎弓根截骨术(PSO)联合Ponte截骨,5例行全椎体切除术(VCR)。比较患者术前、术后和末次随访时Cobb角的变化及C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离的变化。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~60个月。侧凸Cobb角:术前30°~135°(90.7°±30.6°),术后12°~30°(18°±5.6°),矫正率为82.5%,末次随访13°~32°(20°±5.8°),丢失4.3%;后凸Cobb角:术前20°~60°(40.6°±18.5°),术后10°~26°(16.8°±6.2°),矫正率为85%,末次随访13°~30°(20.5°±7.0°),丢失3.7%;C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离:术前3.8~6.5(5.1±1.3)cm,术后0.3~1.3(0.7±0.3)cm,末次随访0.4~1.7(0.8±0.3)cm。所有患者未发生神经损伤等并发症,仅1例患者术后3个月出现内固定松动,经延长固定节段后骨性融合。结论术前充分的评估,选择合适的后路截骨方式,联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧弯,能有效矫正畸形和恢复脊柱冠、矢状面平衡。     

Shortening first metatarsal osteotomies for hallux rigidus – Is there a place for them? A systematic review

BackgroundEvidence-based recommendations for shortening first metatarsal osteotomies as joint-preserving procedures for hallux rigidus are insufficient. Because these surgeries continue to be widely used, we aimed to evaluate their published outcomes and complications.MethodsThrough a systematic review, we critically analyzed 7 articles, including 444 feet submitted to Youngswick-type or distal oblique osteotomies.ResultsHigh patient satisfaction and statistically significant improvement in outcome scores and range of motion was demonstrated by most authors. Transfer metatarsalgia was the most common complication, but surgical management was rarely needed. Although no significant differences in outcomes were found according to the stage of hallux rigidus, we believe these osteotomies are not adequate for stage 4 of Coughlin and Shurnas classification.ConclusionsShortening first metatarsal osteotomies can be an alternative to arthrodesis in stage 2 (and eventually 3) hallux rigidus, as they appear effective and safe. However, further prospective and comparative studies are required.     

The crescentic inverted scarf osteotomy

A hybrid procedure combining the inverted scarf and crescentic osteotomies is presented. This procedure may serve as a viable modification of the inverted scarf bunionectomy for those surgeons desiring true rotational correction of high intermetatarsal angles.     

Chevron联合Akin截骨与Scarf联合Akin截骨治疗中度足母外翻的临床疗效对比

目的 比较Chevron联合Akin截骨术与Scarf联合Akin截骨术治疗中度足母外翻的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析江苏省中医院骨伤科2012年9月至2015年9月收治的27例（36足）中度足母外翻病人,Chevron联合Akin截骨组（CA组）14例（19足）,Scarf联合Akin截骨组（SA组）13例（17足）,比较两组术前、术后1个月、1年及末次随访时以下指标：足母外翻角（hallux valgus angle, HVA）;第1、2跖骨间夹角（inter metatarsal angle, IMA）;近端关节面固有角（distal metatarsal articular angle, DMAA）;胫侧籽骨位置;第一跖骨长度;另外,比较两组术前、术后末次随访的美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）评分。两组病人性别、年龄、术前HVA、IMA、DMAA、第一跖骨长度、胫侧籽骨位置的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结果 两组病人术中未见明显的并发症,术后均愈合良好,无骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、跖骨头坏死、皮神经损伤、内固定松动、僵直、足母内翻等并发症。术后末次随访CA组AOFAS评分为（93.91±9.03）分,SA组AOFAS评分为（91.83±13.58）分,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.552,P=0.593）。术后1个月、1年、末次随访时两组的HVA、IMA、DMAA比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。与SA组比较,术后1个月、1年、末次随访时CA组第一跖骨长度短缩程度更大,第一跖骨疼痛发生率更高,而胫侧籽骨复位更理想（P均＜0.05）。结论 Chevron联合Akin截骨与Scarf联合Akin截骨治疗中度足母外翻均有较好的疗效,临床疗效相近。     

The value of trochanteric displacement in a varus producing intertrochanteric osteotomy

Surgical Principles In order to maintain or increase the abductor lever arm during a varus producing intertrochanteric osteotomy, distal displacement of the greater trochanter is often needed. Without displacing the trochanter, a significant weakness of the abductors would occur [4, 5]. With greater trochanter osteotomy, access to the hip joint is improved, permitting better visualization of the upper part of the femoral head and the roof of the acetabulum (ie, for a simultaneous shelf procedure). When a flexion component is added to the osteotomy, the trochanteric osteotomy increases the range of correction in the sagittal plane and reduces mechanical pressure on the anterosuperior surface of the femoral head [3]. The aim of an isolated greater trochanteric osteotomy is to advance distally and to lateralize the abductors. To achieve fixation, the preserved soft tissue layer, screws, or a tension wire cerclage are used [4–6, 10]. The indication of a trochanteric osteotomy combined with an intertrochanteric osteotomy has increased [1, 4, 10, 11]. The technique described in detail below is part of a varus osteotomy performed as previously described by M. E. Müller [7, 8, 10] and relies on the use of AO osteotomy plates [9]. Revised Version from: Operat. Orthop. Traumatol. 1 (1989), 211–218 (German Edition).     

A Retrospective Review of the Weil Metatarsal Osteotomy for Lesser Metatarsal Deformities: An Intermediate Follow-up Analysis

The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to determine the clinical results of the Weil metatarsal osteotomy. There were 51 patients (89 procedures), consisting of 10 males and 41 females, with a mean 53.1 +/- 11.9 years. Patients were evaluated for subjective improvement on a scale from 0 to 10, and asked if they would repeat the procedure. They were evaluated functionally using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society's lesser metatarsal rating scale, and assessed for toe purchase and range of motion. Thirty-nine point two percent of patients reported a complete resolution of pain (10/10 points), with 13.7% reporting a score of < or = 5/10. Eighty percent of the patients would repeat the procedure. The most common complication was toe elevation in 33% of patients. Joint range of motion was reduced in most cases. Thirty five patients experienced no pain at end range of motion, 6 related significant pain and 9 patients experienced some pain. Patients who underwent the procedure as a prophylactic measure along with a first ray procedure formed a significant subgroup (31%). These patients also scored well in comparison to the remainder of patients, with a mean subjective score of 8.4/10 as compared with 7.9/10 for the remainder of patients. The prophylactic group also demonstrated a median functional rating scale score of 90, versus 80 for the remainder of patients. These findings suggest that the Weil metatarsal osteotomy is a useful procedure for metatarsalgia and may also be useful in preventing lesser metatarsalgia in conjunction with first metatarsal surgery.     

Weil截骨术与Jacopy截骨术治疗应力性跖痛症的临床疗效对比观察

背景：跖痛症是指发生于跖骨头下方的前足疼痛,可由解剖结构异常、病理性或医源性因素诱发。其病变主要是因为前足集中的局部应力负荷反复作用造成。治疗可分为保守治疗与手术治疗,对大部分跖痛症而言,采用保守治疗即可取得较好的疗效,若保守治疗无效,则可采取手术治疗,其目的是恢复前足正常的应力分布。目的：探讨跖骨远端weil截骨术与Jacoby截骨术治疗应力性跖痛症的临床疗效,从而为临床上更加合理有效的治疗跖痛症提供方法和依据。方法：2010年5月至2012年9月,我院收治应力性跖痛症患者65例,其中42例（63足）患者资料完整,得到随访,男8例（13足）,女34例（50足）;年龄39～78岁,平均56-3岁。单侧11例,双侧31例;病变于第2跖骨头下24例,第3跖骨头下ll例,第2、3跖骨头下同时累及7例。合并跖趾关节脱位12例,跽外翻畸形16例,跖间神经瘤5例。所有病例随机分为A、B两组,A组19例（32足）,B组23例（31足）。A组采用跖骨远端Weil截骨术、B组采用Jacoby截骨术治疗,经过平均18个月的随访,对手术前后局部疼痛症状、患者足底应力变化、足部功能改善情况进行比较分析。结果：两种手术前后疼痛缓解均有显著性差异,以Weil截骨组疼痛缓解更明显,但两组间疼痛缓解无明显统计学差异。两组患者手术前后患趾跖骨头下应力峰值明显下降。Weil截骨组,手术前后立位时和足跟抬高时的病变跖骨头下应力分别下降35％和51％;Jacoby截骨组分别下降25％,n45％。根据美国足踝外科协会Maryland跖趾关节百分评分法对两组患者进行评定：优,A组24足（占75％）,B组22足（占71％）;良,A组6足（占18．8％）,B组5足（占16．1％）;可,A组2足（占6．2％）,B组4足（占12．9％）。A组优良率为93．8％,B组为87．1％。结论：对于应力性跖痛症患者,跖骨远端Weil截骨术与Jacoby截骨术治疗均可取得满意确切的效果。但weil截骨术手术操作技巧要求更高,Jacoby截骨术对初学者更易掌握。临床需要根据患者的实际情况及个体需求灵活选择。     

Surgery of the deformities in ankylosing spondylitis: Our experience of lumbar osteotomies in 31 patients

Corrective surgery for kyphotic deformities of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis is a major surgery. for rare indications. The authors report 31 lumbar osteotomies. The goal is to correct the deformity through a posterior limited approach and to minimise the neurological risks. The modifications developed by the authors for monosegmental closing wedge osteotomies are explained. The posterior resection is rhomboid shaped with a bilateral lamina removal. An osteotomy is performed in a forwards direction on the lateral aspects of the vertebral body without bone resection. This osteoclasty allows progressive vertebral body compression. Pediclectomy is associated if the corresponding foramen at the osteotomy level becomes too narrow in the process of redressing the spine. The resection level is adjusted so that superior and inferior posterior arches come into contact with a good compression. The authors point out the risk of lateral translation. Before the osteotomy, the two adjacent vertebrae are implanted with 5-mm cylindrical pedicular screws, so that posterior fixation can be carried out at any time. Posterior monobloc fixation allows for very great compression of the osteoclasty. The authors compare the results of their experiences in opening and closing osteotomy. They progressively changed their technique for closing osteotomies, because of published vascular complications and mechanical risks (instability and pseudarthrosis in opening osteotomies). Closing osteotomy also minimises the risk of stenosis with radicular compression or traction if an important correction is performed. The level of the osteotomy varied in this series, which had a correction rate of up to 75°. The choice of level depends on secondary effects on pelvic position and projection of the centre of gravity. The preferred procedure remains a monosegmental correction because it is faster and easier, with minimum bleeding. Short monobloc posterior fixation is sufficient to maintain reduction and to obtain stability from posterior compression.