零售商主导闭环供应链混合回收渠道选择决策

为研究奖惩机制下零售商主导闭环供应链中各参与主体的回收渠道最优决策问题,运用博弈论建立4种奖惩机制下具有竞争性的双渠道销售和多渠道回收闭环供应链模型,对比分析了4种混合回收模式下供应链成员利润、整个供应链系统的利润和回收水平。研究表明:废旧产品回收价格系数与回收渠道竞争系数之比较小时,制造商会选择制造商和第三方回收商这一混合回收渠道,此时供应链存在不稳定性;反之,制造商会选择制造商、零售商和第三方回收商这一混合回收渠道,此时供应链具有长期稳定性。单位奖惩因子和销售渠道模式不影响供应链各成员的最优回收渠道决策。     

双回收渠道下零售商主导闭环供应链决策模型

为研究双回收渠道下零售商主导闭环供应链的最优决策问题,针对由一个制造商、一个占主导地位零售商以及一个第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链系统,构建了相应的决策模型,并对闭环供应链成员及闭环供应链的整体利润进行了比较。研究表明在零售商主导的闭环供应链中,当第三方有利可图时,第三方负责回收对零售商是占优策略。当第三方无利可图时,无论是第三方还是零售商负责回收,零售商的最大利润是相同的。相对于第三方负责回收,由零售商负责回收对制造商和整个闭环供应链系统均是占优策略。     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

第三方回收闭环供应链的广告与定价决策模型

为了研究不同广告模式对第三方回收闭环供应链定价策略的影响。在广告营销效率因子及广告成本因子的双因素假设下,构建了3种广告模式下第三方回收闭环供应链的定价决策模型。研究表明:无论零售商还是制造商单独广告,都不影响系统中各成员的最优定价策略,且第三方回收商及系统整体的利润不变,但主导零售商的利润并不一定总大于制造商的利润。联合广告模式只对主导零售商有利,对闭环供应链系统其他成员及整体都均不利。无论何种广告模式下,较之主导零售商及制造商,第三方回收商的利润总是最小的。     

考虑碳排放的闭环供应链收益波动规律分析

在考虑碳排放因子和成本因子下,构建由单一制造商、零售商和第三方物流服务商组成的闭环供应链系统,按照回收质量等级和回收商回收处置能力提出三种回收处置情境,即分别由零售商回收、制造商回收和第三方回收构建成的再制造闭环供应链模式。采用Stackelberg博弈论,在分散决策下比较分析不同情境中排放因子对批发价格、零售价格、回收价格的影响,进而研究碳排放对闭环供应链收益波动规律的影响。结果表明,批发价格和零售价格不受回收价格影响,而回收价格则与回收替代性、排放因子直接相关。通过数值仿真,分析各种成本因子、碳排放因子及路径长度作用下不同回收模式的总利润和总碳排放波动规律,从而为核心企业和政府采取积极的减排策略提供依据。     

考虑参考效应的两期闭环供应链定价策略与回收模式比较

为分析消费者的价格参考效应对闭环供应链动态定价策略的影响,探讨了集中式决策和三种分散式回收模式(制造商回收、零售商回收和第三方回收)下考虑价格参考效应的两期闭环供应链定价策略与利润分配问题。首先运用逆向归纳法推导和比较了四种情形下的决策变量均衡解、成员利润以及渠道总利润,然后分析了其随价格参考效应的变化趋势。研究结果表明:除集中式决策最优外,第三方回收模式下的回收率最低、系统效益最低,制造商回收和零售商回收的绩效高低取决于再制造成本节约水平与回收补贴等参数的设置。在集中式决策下,随着价格参考效应的提高,两期价格降低、回收率提高;当参考效应大于0.632 1时,渠道总利润随参考效应的增加而减少;当参考效应小于0.632 1时,渠道总利润与参考效应的变化关系取决于参数设置,若回收规模参数低于其阈值,则渠道总利润减少,反之增加。在三种分散式回收模式下,价格参考效应的提升将使第一期价格提高、第二期价格降低且回收率降低,但渠道成员利润及系统总利润均有所改善。     

需求不确定条件下的闭环供应链模型

构建了需求不确定下一个制造商和两个竞争零售商组成的具有产品再制造的闭环供应链模型.利用博奔论对三种不同回收渠道下的模型进行了研究,并通过数值模拟的方法分析了各模型中的回收成本和新增回收率对零售定价、回收渠道决策、供应链系统及其成员利润期望的影响.结果表明,在一定的随机需求波动下,回收成本和新增回收率对零售定价、供应链系统及其成员利润期望值的影响完全相反,新增回收率的变化小会对制造商回收渠道的选择产生影响,但随着回收成本的增加,制造商将采取不同的回收渠道策略.     

公平关切下的两零售商竞争闭环供应链决策模型

为研究公平关切行为对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,针对由一个制造商、两个竞争零售商和一个第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链,分别在两个竞争零售商公平中性和公平关切下构建了闭环供应链的决策模型,并对两种情形下的均衡结果进行了比较。研究表明当两个竞争零售商均公平中性时,两零售商间竞争强度的增强对闭环供应链成员及系统整体均有利;当两个竞争零售商均公平关切时,在给定的竞争强度下,公平关切程度的增强对两个竞争零售商不利,但对制造商、第三方回收商及闭环供应链系统整体有利。     

专利保护下基于第三方回收的再制造决策

为了探求最适合供应链以及旧产品回收的再制造模式,基于第三方回收商和异质需求市场,考虑无专利许可下制造商再制造和不同专利许可模式下制造商委托零售商进行再制造构建3种再制造模式(即制造商再制造模式、零售商单位产品专利许可再制造模式以及零售商固定专利许可再制造模式)下的闭环供应链产品定价和回收决策模型。通过分析不同再制造模式下的定价与回收决策,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式不仅能够促进第三方回收商提高回收率从而实现最大利润,还能降低新产品与再制造产品的零售价格;同时,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式不仅能同时增加供应链节点企业利润,还能促使旧产品的回收利用;上游制造商应将产品回收再制造外包给下游零售商,并通过谈判收取固定专利许可费用。研究表明,在一定条件下,相比制造商再制造模式和零售商单位产品专利许可再制造模式,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式中的制造商、零售商、第三方回收商能同时实现最大利润。     

基于第三方回收的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制

针对双渠道闭环供应链的协调问题,基于博弈理论构建了制造商进行网上直销、零售商进行传统零售、第三方负责废旧产品回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策模型.分析和比较了集中决策与分散决策对供应链成员最优定价策略和利润的影响,发现分散决策会导致整个双渠道闭环供应链的效率损失.为弥补这种效率损失,以集中决策的最优结果为基准,设计了一个利润共享—费用分担契约来实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调.算例分析表明,所设计的利润共享一费用分担契约能够有效协调双渠道闭环供应链.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...