鸡贫血病毒全基因组点突变体的体外构建及其在宿主细胞MSB1的转染研究

在已构建鸡贫血病毒（CAV）全基因组体外克隆（pCAV2.4)的基础上,设计一对特定引物,用CPR定向点突变方法扩增出含有完整的EcoRI位点的CAV全基因组（2.3kb）,并克隆入pUC18载体中,获得阳性克隆,命名为pCAVE^ 。经酶切鉴定和序列分析EcoRI位点两侧序列,原先不完整的EcoRI位点（－GACTTC－）已被定向点突变为完整的EcoRI位点（－GAATTC-)。对重组质粒pCAVE^ 以EcoRI酶切回收CAV全基因组DNA,在体外连接并经纯化后,经Effectene转染易感宿主细胞MSB1。将转染细胞培养上清连续传代8次以后,出现病毒复制（MSB1细胞培养基颜色不再变黄）。取此时细胞培养液感染无CAV的1日SPF小鸡,14天出现典型的鸡盆血症状和胸腺萎缩、骨髓脂肪变性等病变。获得了能在体外自主复制并组装成完整CAV病毒子的感染性核酸。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因库及其物理图谱

本文报道棉铃虫核多角体病毒DNA经限制性内切酶BamHI酶解,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,得到大小不同的11种片段。所得片段与BamHI酶解的pBR_(322)质粒DNA进行体外重组并转化大肠杆菌LE392菌株。根据菌落杂交和插入片段的分子量等鉴定,证明获得11个插入了病毒DNA片段的重组质粒,但其中两个大片段克隆的分子量比原片段小。通过限制酶EcoRI和BamHI酶解片段的交叉吸印杂交及用~(32)p标记的克隆片段与病毒DNA酶解片段杂交等方法,构建了病毒基因组BamHI的物理图谱。杂交结果表明,病毒基因组主要由独特的序列组成。     

用PCR扩增和克隆鸡传染性贫血病毒全基因组DNA

根据已发表的序列,分别在鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）环形基因组ＤＮＡ（全长２．３ｋｂ）的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点和ＢａｍＨＩ位点的两侧选择适当序列合成两对引物,用ＰＣＲ技术,从斑点杂交检测到病毒核酸的ＣＡＶ感染的ＭＤＣＣＲＰ１细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中,分别扩增出包含ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ分割开的病毒基因组两部分（１．５ｋｂ和０．８ｋｂ）约１．５ｋｂ和约１．２５ｋｂ的两个片段。再将其中相应序列拼接克隆进ｐＵＣ１８载体,获得包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列ＤＮＡ片段的克隆质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４。酶切分析表明,该质粒具有预期的ＢａｍＨＩ位点、ＰｓｔＩ位点、ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,而预期的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点消失。重组质粒插入ＤＮＡ片段的两端序列分析表明,质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４是包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列的重组质粒,插入ＤＮＡ片段序列中的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点序列发生了一个碱基突变。     

乙型肝炎病毒ayw亚型基因在大肠杆菌细胞中的克隆与表达

将克隆的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)ayw亚型基因组DNA插入到质粒pBR322的EcoRI位点,经DNA分子杂交和限制性酶切分析表明,阳性重组体含有HBVDNA,方向为5′末端近BamHI位点,在大肠杆细胞中,插入片段能表达HBcAg和HBeAg及微量的HBsAG。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅳ型(DN-599株)DNA的分子克隆

从感染的MDBK(牛肾)细胞中直接抽提出牛疱疹病毒IV型(BHV-4)DNA。分别经限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ,HindⅢ或BamHI消化后,用鸟枪法和选择法将病毒DNA片段克隆到质粒pBR322和pUC9的相应位点中,构建了三组病毒DNA基因库。阳性克隆是用光生物素标记的病毒DNA和牛胸腺细胞DNA与各重组质粒DNA杂交而筛选的。总共克隆了病毒基因组的94％,其中用EcoRI克隆了83.4％,BamHI克隆了63.4％,HindIlI克隆了45％。     

Gibson组装技术简化腺病毒载体反向遗传改造

重组腺病毒是常用的基因转移载体,本文介绍一种对腺病毒基因组进行反向遗传改造的策略。拟在维持基因编码蛋白氨基酸序列不变的前提下,突变去除重组人5型腺病毒Ad5GFP基因组的PmeI酶切位点。软件分析腺病毒质粒pAd5GFP序列,选择限制性内切酶BamHI将pAd5GFP切割为大小11.7和24.6kb两个片段,24.6kb大片段自身环化形成一个质粒pAd5GB,PmeI位于其上。PmeI/AscI双酶切pAd5GB质粒,产生2.4kb和22.2kb两个片段;在引物部位引入突变的PmeI位点(由gtttaaac突变为gtttaaaT),PCR扩增得到两端各延长30bp的上述2.4kb片段,与22.2kb片段进行Gibson组装,转化E.coli TOP10感受态细胞,得到pAd5GBXP质粒。BamHI酶切pAd5GBXP,碱性磷酸酶处理,与11.7kb片段连接,还原得到腺病毒质粒pAd5GXP。PacI线性化pAd5GXP质粒,转染293细胞,拯救得到Ad5GXP病毒;酶切分析证明Ad5GXP基因组不含有PmeI位点。研究结果说明将酶切连接与DNA组装技术相结合,能够方便灵活地对腺病毒基因组进行突变改造。     

鹅源腺病毒基因组DNA物理图谱的构建

将鹅源腺病毒Y81G4株全基因组DNA的HindⅢ酶切片段分别插入质粒pUC18, 成功构建了全基因组DNA文库.在此基础上,将重组质粒携带的插入片段切出、回收并分别用地高辛标记后作为探针,与经限制酶BamHI、EcoRI、PstI、Eco RV消化的病毒基因组DNA进行Southern Blotting,杂交结果经比较综合后获得了该病毒基因组DNA的HindⅢ、Ba mH I、EcoR I、PstI、EcoR V限制性内切酶的物理图谱.利用已发表的含有鸡EDS76病毒AA-2 株基因组DNA右末端的重组质粒pBE42作为探针,与本病毒两末端重组质粒进行Southern Blo tting,根据同源性杂交结果确定了本病毒基因组DNA物理图谱与EDSVAA-2株相应的方向. 本病毒基础因组DNA物理图谱的精确构建,为进行基因组结构分析,筛选复制非必需区,构建禽腺病毒载体打下了基础.     

A型产气荚膜梭菌α-毒素基因的克隆与核苷酸序列分析

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,从A型产气莫膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因。通过T4 DNA连接酶,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化受至体菌JM109中,经NcoI/EcoRI和BamHI/EcoRI双酶切分析,证明重组质粒pXCPA02中含有A型产气荚膜棱菌α毒素全基因。经核苷酸序列分析,明确了克隆的α毒素基因在重组质粒中的连接向位且核苷酸序列是正确的。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅳ型(DN-599株)DNA的限制性酶切位点图及重复序列分析

牛疱疹病毒Ⅳ型(BHV-4)DNA片段分别被重组到质粒pUC9或pBR322的EcoRI、Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ位点中,用光生物素(Photobiotin)标记这些重组质粒作为探针,分别与转移到硝基纤维素膜上的病毒DNA的EcoRⅠ、Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ片段进行杂交,根据杂交结果及克隆的BHV-4DNA片段的双酶切分析,画出了病毒DNA的EcoRⅠ、Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ位点图,井证明在病毒DNA的两末端含有多聚重复序列,左侧含12个重复单位,右侧含6个重复单位,两侧重复单位的排列方向相同,重复单位的大小为2.35kb。病毒DNA分子无任何异构体.     

含质粒复制起始区ori44的苏云金芽胞杆菌解离载体的构建

将苏云金芽胞杆菌转座子Tn4430的解离酶识别位点res分别插入克隆载体pRSET B和pUC19得到质粒pBMB1201和pBMB1202。这两个质粒分别经BamHI/Hin dⅢ和EcoRI/HindⅢ双酶切回收含res位点的小DNA片段,与穿梭载体pHT3101经EcoRI/HindⅢ双酶切后加收的含大肠杆菌复制起始区、氨苄青霉素抗性基因和红霉素抗性基因的3．3kb片段连接,获得重组质粒pBMB1203。封闭pBMB1203两res位点外的BamHI和EcoRI位点后,得到解离载体pBMB1204。将来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种YBT－1520的质粒复制起始区ori44片段插入pBMB1204的两res位点之间,得到解离穿梭载体pBMB1205。该解离载体插入壮观霉素抗性基因后电转化无晶体突变株,在辅助质粒所提供的解离酶作用下可发生解离消除抗性基因,解离频率为100％,解离后的质粒稳定性为93％。利用解离穿梭载体pBMB1205可在用抗性筛选到转化子后特定消除抗性标记基因和其它非苏云金芽胞杆菌DNA片段。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细