兰州高能电子成像实验研究平台进展

兰州高能电子成像实验研究平台是中国科学院近代物理研究所建造的唯一专用于高能电子成像及相关领域的实验研究平台,目前已完成第一阶段基于热阴极微波电子枪电子直线加速器的研制,电子束能量50 MeV,最大宏脉冲束流300 mA,达到了设计指标并通过技术测试。开展了高能电子成像实验,空间分辨4μm,获得了预期结果。     

真空电子技术

04631 2004060069热阴极微波电子枪功率自洽过程分析/杨兴繁,刘锡三,卢和平、程云(中国工程物理研究院应用电子学所)11强激光与粒子束一2 004,16(4).一493一495用等效电路法分析了热阴极微波电子枪的功率自洽过程,给出了微波功率、无载锅合度、束流负载、加速腔参数之间的解析关系式和最佳祸合度的计算公式,阐明了无载祸合度与有载揭合度的关系,分析了枪宏脉冲内微波锅合状态的变化过程,并与实验结果进行了对比,对高占空因子热阴极微波电子腔调束实验中微波反射波形发生较大变化的实验现象进行了分析.图4参《午)近似法计算结果进行比较,验证…     

基于热阴极的相对论返波管电子枪设计

近年来热阴极特别是钪系阴极得到充分发展,有望成为高功率微波的电子源。提出一种基于热阴极的新型“面包圈”式电子枪模型,以此电子枪作为相对论返波管的环形电子束发射源。通过仿真软件CST PARTICLE STUDIO对模型进行仿真验证,所得电子枪发射电流为786 A,阴极发射电流密度为30 A/cm2,电子束密度为305 A/cm2,电子通过率为99.9%。最后对热阴极在高功率微波器件中的应用进行了初步探索。     

直径155mm钪酸盐阴极组件研制

热阴极不仅应用在微波电真空器件中,还可应用到高能电子线性加速器中,这种电子加速器通常需要具有上千安培发射电流的电子源.本文主要介绍了某加速器上的直径155mm钪酸盐热阴极组件的研究过程和初步测试结果.模拟分析和实验结果表明,该热阴极组件具有较好的结构稳定性;热子功率可达3200W,在1100℃时能提供2690A的脉冲发射电流,电流密度达到14.3A/cm2;同时单脉冲和三脉冲测试都表现出良好的电流稳定性和一致性.     

高能辐照电子枪的研制

论述了高能辐照电子枪的设计，比较了热阴极和冷阴极的优缺点，实验指出了采用碳纳米管冷阴极的好处；利用电荷密度法求出电子枪的电位分布、计算了电子轨迹和靶面处电流密度分布的均匀性。     

采用飞秒装置的高功率宽带太赫兹源

真空电子器件产生的THz辐射通常是基于环形或直线型的加速器装置。飞秒级的电子束团通过周期性的磁铁可产生高功率、宽带可调谐的相干太赫兹辐射。这种高功率的太赫兹源为太赫兹技术的应用研究提供了新的手段。介绍了一种基于飞秒直线加速器装置产生的相干太赫兹波荡器辐射源,它主要由S波段热阴极微波电子枪,磁铁和SLAC型加速管组成,该装置能够提供具有20~30 MeV能量、束团长度为100~300 fs的电子束团。波荡器采用的是Apple?鄄II型波荡器,通过调节波荡器两平行磁块的位置可以产生具有不同极化特性的太赫兹辐射。为了测量波荡器产生的相干THz辐射谱,采用改进型的迈克尔逊干涉仪来进行测量,给出了实验装置的介绍以及实验结果。     

微电真空折叠波导行波管放大器的电子枪设计

研制工作于太赫兹波段的微电真空折叠波导行波管(FWG-TWT)放大器,需要设计束流集中且发射度小、结构紧凑的热阴极电子枪.本文首先依据典型皮尔斯电子枪的设计理论,通过编程计算初步选定了热阴极电子枪的基本结构参数,然后利用模拟工具对电子枪的结构参数模型进行了初步的仿真优化.针对工作频率为0.22 THz的微型折叠波导行波...     

脉宽大于100微秒的强流大截面电子枪

在CO_2激光器的研究过程中,发现利用普通技术放电,在振动激发比较有效的E/N下,不能产生适当的电离。这两者往往是矛盾的,这就导致人们寻求在最佳的E/N下能产生适度电离的技术,即把电离和激发分开控制的技术。美国阿符科公司首先提出了电子束控制主放电的技术。 目前就电子束的激励方法有电子束控制放电用的电子枪和电子束直接激发激光介质用的电子枪。就产生电子束的方式有热阴极电子枪、冷阴极场致发射电子枪和等离子体电子枪。     

大功率长脉冲速调管电子枪的计算机辅助设计

本文简介了大功率长脉冲速调管电子枪计算机辅助设计的结果。这种设计方法和设计程序也可用于自由电子激光用的热阴极高亮度注入器设计中。     

关于磁控注入式电子枪的噪声问题

磁控注入式电子枪能提供高导流系数的电子注,可应用于大功率微波管中。但是,通常认为这种电子枪属于交叉场型的,具有交叉场器件固有高噪声的特性。这使它的应用受到了限制。 有两个实验打破了上述这种看法。1962年C波段低噪声行波管应用磁控注入式电子枪获得了3.1dB的噪声系数。1965年S波段中功率前向波放大器获得了3.5dB的噪声系数。但这些器件均限于中小功率范围,阴极长度很短,即阴极长径比很小的情况;而对于大功率管中使用的磁控注入式电子枪,能否获得足够小的噪声系数的问题,尚有待于进一步深入研究。 本文简要讨论了影响大功率微波管中磁控注入式电子枪噪声的主要因素以及通过改变阴极区磁场分布的方法来减小噪声的实验结果。     

Electron beam characterization for a compact far-infraredfree-electron laser

A compact, far-infrared free-electron laser (FIR-FEL) is operating at 85 μm at Stanford University, where the electron beam is obtained from a 1½ cell, thermionic RF (2.856 GHz) cavity gun. This gun was not designed for FEL operation, and under the condition at which it was intended to operate, with a peak acceleration gradient below 85 MV/m, it would not be suitable. We have explored new parameter ranges, and have found that at high peak gradients, from 100-140 MV/m, the gun will function satisfactorily as an FEL accelerator. For example, thirty-nine percent of the total gun current was transmitted through a 1% energy window at a beam energy of γ=9.72. At γ=9.56, a 304 mA macropulse current with an estimated rms micropulse length of 3.4 ps was obtained, and the normalized rms emittance was measured to be 11.6 π-mm-mrad for the 1% energy-spread electrons, corresponding to a beam brightness of 2.3×10¹¹ A/m². For these parameters, the calculated small small-signal gain for our 0.5 m-long wiggler is 110% at a wavelength of 85 μm. In this paper we characterize the electron beam from a 1½ cell, thermionic cathode, RF cavity gun in a parameter range where it can be used as the accelerator for a far infrared FEL     

A THz Spectroscopy System Based on Coherent Radiation from Ultrashort Electron Bunches

A spectroscopy system will be discussed for coherent THz transition radiation emitted from short electron bunches, which are generated from a system consisting of an RF gun with a thermionic cathode, an alpha-magnet as a magnetic bunch compressor, and a linear accelerator for post-acceleration. The THz radiation is generated as backward transition radiation when electron bunches pass through an aluminum foil. The emitted THz transition radiation, which is coherent at wavelengths equal to and longer than the electron bunch length, is coupled to a Michelson interferometer. The performance of the spectroscopy system employing a Michelson interferometer is discussed. The radiation power spectra under different conditions are presented. As an example, the optical constant of a silicon wafer can be obtained using the dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS) technique.     

利用活性浸渍物质提高热阴极电流密度的实验研究和理论模型

通过发展新的活性物质成分系统及其制备方法以提升钪系阴极的电子发射性能,是当今热阴极特别是大电流密度阴极领域的研究重点。该文提出一种由多元金属氧化物构成的新型高活性浸渍物质,显著提升了钪在阴极中的添加比例,大幅提高了阴极的发射电流密度。将冷冻干燥法应用到该活性物质前驱体的制备过程中,有效解决了传统固相合成方法在机械式破碎、研磨和混合等工序中存在的不可控、不均匀等问题。采用了新的成分系统与新的制备方法制得活性物质的阴极,在真空二极管测试和电子枪测试中分别取得了超过500 A/cm2和218.5 A/cm2的脉冲发射电流密度。在二极管直流测试条件下,阴极的寿命测试进行了10500 h后仍未出现发射电流下降的现象;而在电子枪中的大工作比(5%)脉冲测试条件下,阴极在工作了2010 h后仍维持了超过50 A/cm2的较大发射电流密度。借助深紫外—光/热发射电子显微镜(DUV-PEEM/TEEM)分析发现,相较传统的钪系阴极,新制备的大电流密度阴极表面的热电子发射位点数量增加,微区发射面积显著增大。最后,提出一种“二叉树”发射模型,以期阐释钪系阴极采用新活性物质后获得高发射特性的物理机制。     

Beam-Loading Compensation for RF Gun by Feed-Forward Control System

A feed-forward automatic control system based on a novel control principle is developed, in order to compensate the amplitude and phase fluctuations of the microwave field in the thermionic RF gun cavity. The fluctuations, which are mainly caused by beam-loading effect, can be effectively restrained through this method. It is experimentally demonstrated that the novel control system has the excellent characteristics of stability and reliability.     

Design of a Large Orbit Gyrotron with a Permanent Magnet System

The paper presents results of numerical analysis and outlines the computer-aided design of a novel high-harmonic gyrotron with a beam of electrons gyrating along axis-encircling trajectories. The electron beam is formed by a novel electron-optical system (EOS) based on an electron gun of diode type with thermionic cathode and gradual reversal of the magnetic field. The results of numerical simulations predict satisfactory performance of the EOS and appropriate beam quality parameters. The tube design allows one to install different cavities optimized for excitation of TE_4,1 mode at the fourth harmonic of the cyclotron frequency or TE_3,1 mode at the third one. The target parameters of the device are: frequency about 112 GHz; output power near 1 kW and efficiency of several percent.     

ELECTRON GUN FOR LARGE ORBIT GYROTRON (LOG) WITH DECREASED INFLUENCE OF CATHODE PLASMA ON ELECTRON BEAM PROPERTIES

High power Large Orbit Gyrotron (LOG) [1] is now under development at FIR FU. First version of this device was recently manufactured and then assembled with power supply ETIGO-IV [2]. Results of preliminary tests of electron-optic system are presented. The conditions when stableflat form of current pulse realized are discussed. Analytical estimations of cathode-anode distance to achieve small influence of cathode plasma during high voltage (HV) pulse are performed. Two new electron gun versions with decreased influence of the cathode plasma on its impedance and pulse form are suggested and optimized. New optimal magnetic field distributions are found. First gun has quiasi-flat cathode configuration near the anode diaphragm and provides operating current about 60 A. Second one uses blade cathode with operating current about 30 A. Beam quality for both guns is suitable for LOG operation.     

ELECTRON GUN FOR LARGE ORBIT GYROTRON (LOG) WITH DECREASED INFLUENCE OF CATHODE PLASMA ON ELECTRON BEAM PROPERTIES

High power Large Orbit Gyrotron (LOG) [1] is now under development at FIR FU. First version of this device was recently manufactured and then assembled with power supply ETIGO-IV [2]. Results of preliminary tests of electron-optic system are presented. The conditions when stable flat form of current pulse realized are discussed. Analytical estimations of cathode-anode distance to achieve small influence of cathode plasma during high voltage (HV) pulse are performed. Two new electron gun versions with decreased influence of the cathode plasma on its impedance and pulse form are suggested and optimized. New optimal magnetic field distributions are found. First gun has quiasi-flat cathode configuration near the anode diaphragm and provides operating current about 60 A. Second one uses blade cathode with operating current about 30 A. Beam quality for both guns is suitable for LOG operation.     

A Racetrack Microtron for Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Generation

The accelerator described here is an eight-orbit four-sector racetrack microtron possessing strong focusing action. The magnet gap is only 7mm, and the accelerating cavity is placed in one of the field-free regions. The energy gain per traversal of the cavity can be varied from 0.4 to 1.5 Mev and synchronism obtained by adjustment of the magnetic field strength and the length of the main straight section. A theoretical analysis of the synchrotrons oscillations in energy and phase shows that tight bunching can be achieved at almost any point in any desired orbit by changing the frequency of the synchrotrons oscillations. This can be accomplished by varying the RF power and therefore the accelerating voltage. One particularly attractive operating region gives tight bunching in the third orbit, allowing the construction of a compact machine if desired. For the RF accelerating source used (frequency 2800 Mc) one obtains 20 per cent of the third orbit current in a bunch length of 0.1 mm using dc gun injection (no prebunching). A current of 20 ma was obtained in the third orbit (2.2 Mev) which should be sufficient for the production of milliwatt power in the submillimeter region.