右锁骨下静脉药盒导管系统置入术的临床应用

目的 探讨右锁骨下静脉药盒导管置入术的并发症,评价其临床价值. 资料与方法 85例患者在透视下行右锁骨下静脉药盒导管系统置入术,记录并发症的发生及临床应用情况. 结果 83例患者成功完成右锁骨下静脉药盒导管系统置入术,手术成功率为97.65%(83/85);操作时间为30～60 min,平均45 min;2例手术失败,其中1例气胸,1例穿刺锁骨下动脉;3例(3.52%)出现感染;2例(2.35%)化疗药外溢致局部皮肤坏死;5例 (5.88%)导管堵塞;皮肤切口延迟愈合4例(4.70%).使用该装置的患者感觉在输液治疗中的舒适程度高于其他静脉输注方式. 结论 右锁骨下静脉药盒导管置入术安全、便捷、并发症少,能够提高需要长期输液治疗患者的生活质量.     

DSA引导下颈内、锁骨下及腋静脉入路输液港的临床应用

目的探讨DSA引导下颈内、锁骨下及腋静脉入路输液港的临床应用及安全性。方法 选取2016年3月28日至2018年6月28日在江阴市人民医院行DSA引导下静脉输液港植入术的肿瘤患者827例。根据患者输液港不同入路途径分为3组：经颈内静脉组（A组）125例,经锁骨下静脉组（B组）87例,经腋静脉组（C组）615例,比较3组患者的穿刺成功率及并发症发生情况。结果 DSA引导下A组首次穿刺成功率98.40%(123/125), B组穿刺成功率94.25%(82/87),C组穿刺成功率97.89%(602/615),差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中B组穿刺成功率低于C组,其余各组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对所有患者随访（15.56±2.91）个月（3～26个月）,术后早期并发症总发生率为3.75%,A组为4.00%(5/125),B组为9.20%(8/87),C组为2.93%(18/615),其中B组发生率高于C组（P<0.016 7）,各类并发症组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后远期并发症总发生率为4.72%(39/827), A组发生率为4...     

2种锁骨下静脉穿刺置管方法比较研究

目的 :探讨锁骨下静脉穿刺置管的方法 ,提高成功率 ,减少并发症的发生。方法 :110例患者采用传统方法操作 ,13 1例患者采用改进的方法操作 ,对两种方法效果进行比较。结果 :传统方法成功率92 .7%,改进的方法成功率为 98.4%(P <0 .0 5 ) ;传统方法操作时间平均为 3 4min ,改进方法为平均 2 3min ,传统方法并发症发生率为 6.3 %,改进方法为 2 .2 %。结论 :改进的锁骨下静脉穿刺置管方法安全有效 ,便于操作     

DSA引导下改良股静脉植入输液港术式在恶性肿瘤患者中的应用

【摘要】 目的 探讨DSA引导下经股静脉植入输液港改良术式在恶性肿瘤患者中的应用的安全性、技术可行性及相关并发症。 方法 选择2014年2月至2020年1月26例接受DSA引导下改良股静脉植入输液港术式的恶性肿瘤患者,采用Seldinger技术穿刺右侧股静脉,于右下腹壁植入静脉输液港。所有患者进行随访,随访终点为输液港移除或患者死亡。 结果 26例患者植入均获成功,术中无并发症发生,平均手术时间（22.1±6.9） min。10例术中出现导管异位至对侧髂静脉或腰静脉,在DSA下调整后均成功进入下腔静脉主干,导管头端位于下腔静脉位置:10例位于腰2椎体水平,11例位于腰3椎体水平,5例位于腰4椎体水平。随访780个导管日,共发生4例并发症,其中1例为纤维蛋白鞘形成,1例为囊袋感染破溃,1例为导管卷曲异位至皮下,1例为导管于腹股沟处打折致输液不畅,其中3例致非计划拔管。26例患者均未发生深静脉血栓形成、相关肢体运动受限及不适感等并发症。无相关死亡事件发生。 结论 对于无法植入胸壁输液港的患者,在DSA引导下行改良经股静脉植入输液港术式是安全可行的,并发症发生率低。     

脑损伤昏迷患者术后PICC与锁骨下静脉置管的疗效观察

目的：探讨PICC与锁骨下静脉置管在脑损伤昏迷患者术后置管输液治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析79例行PICC及63例行锁骨下静脉置管输液治疗的脑损伤昏迷患者的临床资料,比较2种治疗方法的一次性置管成功率及导管置入相关并发症的发生率。结果 PICC一次穿刺成功率94.9％（75／79）,锁骨下静脉置管一次穿刺成功率为74.5％（47／63）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;PICC组发生机械性静脉炎、堵管高于锁骨下静脉组（P＜0.05）,而导管脱落、非计划性拔管的机率小于锁骨下静脉组（P＜0.05）,两组在导管位、导管相关性感染的发生率上差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论 PICC与锁骨下静脉置管在脑损伤昏迷患者术后输流治疗中有简单易行、护理方便,留置时长等优点,相比较而言,PICC更具有优势。     

锁骨下动脉狭窄患者血管内支架置入术的护理

目的：总结锁骨下动脉支架置入术治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄患者的护理经验。方法：选择我科2005—2006年锁骨下动脉支架置入术患者2例。全部采用经股动脉穿刺插管行造影显示有血管狭窄行锁骨下动脉支架置入术。结果：均成功置入支架，患者临床症状改善，未发生严重的并发症。结论：加强手术前后的护理，严密观察病情及预防并发症的发生，患者主动配合治疗是手术成功的关键。     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术在重症神经外科疾病中的应用体会

锁骨下静脉穿刺操作技术,是急诊抢救和危重手术的创伤性血流动力学监测,以及临床输血输液扩容、输注全静脉营养液的有效技术方法,神经外科术后患者一般住院周期长,术后常需长期输液。自2009-08～2010-12静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术,通过分析其临床效果及并发症情况。得出锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术在神经外科临床应用,成功率高、并发症少,在普通病房操作安全易行。     

锁骨下静脉插管相关并发症原因分析与对策

目的　探讨锁骨下静脉插管相关并发症发生原因及其防治措施。方法　对我院7年中850例插管血透患者插管相关并发症发生情况进行统计分析。结果　锁骨下静脉插管留置时间平均98.37d,血流量达200ml/min,能满足充分透析要求。相关的并发症有血流不卟、感染、误入锁骨下动脉等。结论　尽管锁骨下静脉插管有某些严重并症,若能熟练操作人不失为一种很好的血透临时通路。     

锁骨下静脉穿刺与头静脉切开途径安置心脏起搏器的随机对照研究

目的　比较锁骨下静脉穿刺与头静脉切开途径安置心脏起搏器的价值。方法　将 10 0例需安置心脏起搏器的患者随机分为锁骨下静脉穿刺组和头静脉切开组 (均包括单腔亚组和双腔亚组 ) ,每组各 5 0例患者。观察两种手术径路安置起搏器的手术时间、X线曝光时间、手术并发症及患者对手术切口及囊袋的满意度。结果　无论是手术时间 ,还是X线曝光时间 ,锁骨下静脉组中单腔亚组及双腔亚组均比头静脉组中的对应亚组为短 [(6 4.1± 14 .2min与 (73.8± 11.6 )min ,(86 .4± 13.2 )min与 (10 6 .5± 19.4 )min和(3.4 5± 0 .83)min与 (4 .5 1± 2 .2 7)min ,(5 .5 9± 0 .78)min与 (8.2 7± 4 .91)min ,P均 <0 .0 5 ]。锁骨下静脉穿刺组心室电极导线放置成功率为 10 0 % ,而头静脉切开组则为 5 6 % ,两者亦有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。而两组并发症发生率无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。患者对切口及囊袋的满意程度 ,锁骨下静脉组明显高于头静脉组(P <0 .0 1)。结论　只要锁骨下静脉穿刺技术熟练 ,安置心脏起搏器可首选锁骨下静脉穿刺。     

单切口腋静脉入路技术在完全植入式静脉输液港植入中的应用

【摘要】 目的 探讨单切口腋静脉（AV）入路技术在完全植入式静脉输液港（TIVAP）植入术中应用的可行性和安全性。 方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至6月南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院采用单切口AV入路技术植入TIVAP的179例患者临床资料。其中男90例,女89例,平均年龄（46.8±12.5）（23～77）岁。DSA透视解剖定位下穿刺AV。穿刺AV困难（穿刺3次）或误穿刺腋动脉,即改为超声导引下穿刺AV;超声提示目标静脉狭窄或闭塞,即改为同侧颈内静脉（IJV）入路植入TIVAP。观察技术成功率、手术相关信息及TIVAP留置相关并发症情况。 结果 177例患者通过单切口AV入路成功植入TIVAP,2例术中改行同侧IJV入路完成手术,技术成功率为98.9%（177/179）。平均透视时间（0.8±0.2）（0.3～1.5） min,手术操作时间（21.5±10.3）（17～45） min,TIVAP留置时间（362.5±65.2）（252～442） d。术中操作相关问题发生率为8.9%（16/179）,其中误穿刺腋动脉6例,导丝误入同侧IJV 5例,可撕脱鞘折弯3例,导管-港体连接处扭曲2例。TIVAP留置相关并发症发生率为3.4%（6/179）,其中局部血肿形成、术侧AV血栓形成、左头臂静脉血栓狭窄-闭塞伴左IJV-锁骨下静脉（SCV）近心端血栓形成、纤维蛋白鞘形成各1例,囊袋局部感染2例,未见导管相关血流感染、导管断裂/移位、夹闭综合征、药物外渗等严重并发症。结论 单切口AV入路技术植入TIVAP技术成功率高,安全可行,手术时间短,并发症发生率低,可为TIVAP植入方式提供另一种选择。     

Evaluation of catheter loops in central venous port systems

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the cause for catheter loops of central venous ports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 241 patients who received a central venous port via subclavian vein access were included in this retrospective study. Eighty of these patients had undergone a computed tomography of the chest, allowing retrospective evaluation of the course of central venous catheters. Complications were evaluated by review of the clinical data charts. RESULTS: In 49 patients, the catheter penetrated only the major pectoralis muscle. Only one of these patients (2.0%) showed a loop. In 31 cases, the catheter went through both the major and minor pectoralis muscle, and in 26 of these patients (83.9%), a loop was seen. Complications after port implantation were catheter occlusion (n = 2), pneumothorax (n = 2), thrombosis (n = 2), infection (n = 1), and catheter dislocation (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: The loop of catheter of central venous ports is caused by catheter penetration through pectoralis major and minor.     

A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes with Regular- and Low-Profile Totally Implanted Central Venous Port Systems

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether low-profile totally implanted central venous port systems can reduce the late complication of skin perforation. Forty patients (age, 57 ± 13 years; 22 females, 18 males) were randomized for the implantation of a low-profile port system, and another 40 patients (age, 61 ± 14 years; 24 females, 16 males) received a regular port system as control group. Indications for port catheter implantation were malignant disease requiring chemotherapy. All port implantations were performed in the angiography suite using sonographically guided central venous puncture and fluoroscopic guidance of the catheter placement. Procedure time, number of complications (procedure-related immediate, early, and late complications), and number of explantations were assessed. Follow-up was performed for 6 months. All port implantations were successfully completed in both study groups. There were two incidents of skin perforation observed in the control group. One skin perforation occurred 13 weeks and the other 16 weeks after port implantation (incidence, 5%) in patients with regular-profile port systems. Two infections were observed, one port infection in each study group. Both infections were characterized as catheter-related infections (infection rate: 0.15 catheter-related infections per 1000 catheter days). In conclusion, low-profile port systems can be placed as safely as traditional chest ports and reduce the risk of developing skin perforations, which occurs when the port system is too tight within the port pocket.     

Radiologic Placement of a Low Profile Implantable Venous Access Port in a Pediatric Population

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and complications of placement of a low-profile venous access port in the chest in children requiring long-term venous access. Method: A low-profile peripheral arm port (PAS port; Sims Deltec, St. Paul, MN, USA) was implanted in the chest in 22 children over a 4-year period. The mean age of the study group was 6 years (range: 9 months to 20 years). Ports were placed for the administration of chemotherapy, hyperalimentation and frequent blood sampling. Sonographic guidance was used to access the internal jugular or subclavian vein in each case. A review of all inpatient and outpatient charts was undertaken to assess catheter performance and complications. Results: Access to the central venous circulation was successfully achieved in each case without complication. Ports remained implanted for 6579 catheter-days (mean: 299 days). Ten ports have been removed. Of three patients (13%) experiencing device-related infections (0.45 infections/1000 catheter days), two (9.1%) were unresponsive to antibiotics and removed (0.3 infections/1000 catheter days). One port was removed because of pain in the shoulder adjacent to the port implantation site. One port was removed because of difficult access. The final port was removed in order to place a dual-lumen catheter prior to bone marrow transplant. Twelve ports remain implanted. Aspiration occlusion occurred in four patients (18%). Deep venous thrombosis did not occur in any patient. Conclusion: Low-profile chest ports placed by interventional radiologists in the interventional radiology suite can be placed in children as safely as traditional chest ports placed in the operating room. The incidence of infection, venous thrombosis and aspiration occlusion is comparable to that of ports placed operatively.     

Subcutaneous chest ports via the internal jugular vein. A retrospective study of 117 oncology patients

Purpose:
To review image-guided chest port insertion using the right internal jugular vein as the access site of choice. Material and Methods:
One hundred and eighteen subcutaneous chest ports were placed via the internal jugular vein in 117 patients with malignancies using both fluoroscopic and US guidance in interventional radiology suites. Results:
The technical success rate was 100% with no procedural complications. Follow-up was obtained in all patients with total access days of 40,450 days (mean, 342.8 days). Premature catheter removal was required in 8 patients (6.8%, 0.20 per 1,000 access days) due to non-treatable complications: 2 catheter occlusions/malfunctions (1.7%, 0.05 per 1,000 access days), 1 catheter-related skin erosion (0.85%, 0.024 per 1,000 access days), and 5 infections (4.2%, 0.15 per 1,000 access days). Two symptomatic right upper extremity venous thromboses also occurred (1.7%, 0.05 per 1,000 access days) that were treated successfully with anticoagulation. Conclusion:
Image-guided placement of internal jugular vein chest ports has a high success rate and low complication rate compared with reported series of unguided subclavian vein port insertion. The internal jugular vein should be used as the preferred venous access site compared to the subclavian vein.     

Central Vein Dilatation Prior to Concomitant Port Implantation

Implantation of subcutaneous port systems is routinely performed in patients requiring repeated long-term infusion therapy. Ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided implantation under local anesthesia is broadly established in interventional radiology and has decreased the rate of complications compared to the surgical approach. In addition, interventional radiology offers the unique possibility of simultaneous management of venous occlusion. We present a technique for recanalization of central venous occlusion and angioplasty combined with port placement in a single intervention which we performed in two patients. Surgical port placement was impossible owing to occlusion of the superior vena cava following placement of a cardiac pacemaker and occlusion of multiple central veins due to paraneoplastic coagulopathy, respectively. In both cases the affected vessel segments were dilated with balloon catheters and the port systems were placed thereafter. After successful dilatation, the venous access was secured with a 25-cm-long, 8-Fr introducer sheath, a subcutaneous pocket prepared, and the port catheter tunneled to the venipuncture site. The port catheter was introduced through the sheath with the proximal end connected to a 5-Fr catheter. This catheter was pulled through the tunnel in order to preserve the tunnel and, at the same time, allow safe removal of the long sheath over the wire. The port system functioned well in both cases. The combination of recanalization and port placement in a single intervention is a straightforward alternative for patients with central venous occlusion that can only be offered by interventional radiology.     

Clinical benefit of power-injectable port systems: a prospective observational study

Objective

To prospectively evaluate the clinical benefit of a central venous port system, which is approved for contrast media injection during contrast enhanced computed tomography.

Materials and methods

At a university teaching hospital, 98 patients (59 female, 39 male; median age 61.7 years; range 23–83) had a power-injectable central venous port catheter system implanted. All implantations were performed under ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance by interventional radiologists. Procedure related immediate (up to 24 h after implantation), early (<30 days after implantation) and late complications were documented. The frequency of port system use for contrast enhanced computed tomography scans was also considered. Any port capsule migration was assessed indirectly by determining the catheter tip position. The intended follow-up period was 180 days.

Results

An overall complication rate of 0.69 for 1,000 catheter days in 78 evaluated ports was recorded (12 ports affected, 15.4%). During the observational period, 40 of 104 contrast enhanced computed tomography scans were performed utilizing the port for contrast media administration (38.5%). 30 catheter tip retractions of more than 3 cm were observed in 82 patients (36.6%). Overall, tip dislocations were statistically more frequent in the female subgroup.

Conclusion

The complication rate found in this study is comparable to those, which have been published for standard port systems. The utilization of the device for contrast media injection during contrast enhanced computed tomography scans should be increased. Finally, the port capsule has to be carefully positioned and fixed to prevent migration.     

Peripherally Placed Totally Implantable Venous-access Port Systems of the Forearm: Clinical Experience in 763 Consecutive Patients

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneously placed totally implantable venous-access ports (TIVAPs) of the forearm. Between January 2006 and October 2008, peripheral TIVAPs were implanted in 763 consecutive patients by ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance. All catheters were implanted under local anesthesia and were tunneled subcutaneously. Indication, technical success, and complications were retrospectively analyzed according to Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) criteria. Presence of antibiotic prophylaxis, periprocedurally administered drugs (e.g., sedation), and laboratory results at the time of implantation were analyzed. Maintenance during the service interval was evaluated. In total, 327,499 catheter-days were analyzed. Technical success rate was 99.3%. Reasons for initial failure of implantation were either unexpected thrombosis of the subclavian vein, expanding tumor mass of the mediastinum, or failure of peripheral venous access due to fragile vessels. Mean follow-up was 430 days. There were 115 complications observed (15.1%, 0.03 per 100 catheter-days), of which 33 (4.3%) were classified as early (within 30 days from implantation) and 82 (10.7%) as late. Catheter-related venous thrombosis was found in 65 (8.5%) of 763 (0.02 per 100 catheter-days) TIVAPs. Infections were observed in 41 (5.4%) of 763 (0.01 per 100 catheter-days) devices. Other complications observed included dislocation of the catheter tip (0.8%), occlusion (0.1%), or rupture (0.1%) of the port catheter. Dislocated catheters were corrected during a second interventional procedure. In conclusion, implantation of percutaneously placed peripheral TIVAPs shows a high technical success rate and low risk of early complications when ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance are used. Late complications are observed three times as often as early complications.     

J-tipped guidewire as a target for puncture of the subclavian artery in the placement of a reservoir port and catheter system

The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of using a J-tipped guidewire as a target for puncture of the subclavian artery in the placement of a reservoir port and catheter system (RPCS). Twenty-five patients with various hepatic malignancies underwent percutaneous implantation of an RPCS through the left subclavian artery for regional chemotherapy. To successfully puncture the left subclavian artery, a J-tipped guidewire was used as a target with fluoroscopic guidance. Technical success and complication rates, and numbers of puncture failures, were retrospectively analyzed. Implantation of the RPCS was successful in all patients. Eight (32%) patients had minor complications and no patient had major complications. The number of puncture failures per patient was 0 to 1 (mean=0.32). The J-tipped guidewire is a safe and appropriate target for puncture of the subclavian artery in the placement of an RPCS.