时域多分辨率的非压缩域视频分割算法*

由于非压缩视频序列具有明显的直观性视觉特征,并在实际应用中仍占据相当大的比重,针对在非压缩视频的处理中仍然存在对镜头变化的类型、镜头渐变和突变的位置分析不够准确的难点,提出了一种时域分辨率的非压缩域视频分割算法,在提取序列的基于强边缘块的直方图,比较不同序列之间的差异的基础上,采用多分辨率的算法进行镜头检测。实验证明,这种方法实现了自动视频分割并较好地克服了上述的缺点。     

一种新的基于RS理论的压缩域镜头分割算法*

针对传统的非压缩域镜头分割算法数据多、运算量大和效率低的缺点,提出了一种基于RS理论的压缩域镜头分割算法。该算法首先根据MPEG压缩标准,从视频流中提取DCT系数;然后经预处理得到每一帧的DC系数;最后依DC系数建立镜头分割信息系统模型,通过RS理论的划分与属性约简得到视频镜头。实验结果表明,该算法相对传统非压缩域算法运算量和数据量大大减少,算法效率明显提高。     

基于决策树的MPEG视频镜头分割算法

压缩视频镜头的分割是视频内容分析中的一个难点,由于镜头在组织和索引视频中起关键性的作用,提出了一种基于决策树的MPEG视频镜头分割算法。该算法采用决策树这种机器学习方法对样本视频进行训练,通过融合运动信息、颜色、边缘等特征获得镜头分割的最佳阈值,较好地解决了压缩视频处理中检测镜头突变和渐变难题,同时还能够检测出镜头是否产生闪光现象和相机运动的产生。实验证明本算法在压缩视频镜头检测方面取得了较好的检测结果。     

基于内容检索的视频分割技术的研究

视频分割就是从视频序列中分割出在语义上有意义的对象。目前，视频分割已从基于镜头的分割发展到了基于内容的视频对象分割。文章介绍了基于内容的时域及空域视频分割技术，提出了一种基于多帧差异的视频对象分割算法。     

一种从MPEG视频流中快速分割镜头的算法

镜头分割算法是实现视频检索的关键，本文提出一种针对MPEG视频流的快速分割镜头的算法，介绍了该算法的基本原理与实现过程。该算法利用压缩视频中的可用信息，通过计算帧的内编码宏块数量的比例作为是否需要进行镜头分割判别的标识，进而计算MPEG视频流B帧各宏块编码类型来检测发生镜头分割的帧住置，并进行了相关的实验。实验
结果表明，该算法能快速有效地检测镜头分割，且计算量较小。     

基于运动信息与多尺度分水岭的视频目标分割

从视频序列中提取视频目标是基于内容编码中的一项关键技术。提出了将高阶统计运动检测和多尺度分水岭相结合的视频目标分割算法。该算法首先利用高阶统计运动检测算法检测出运动区域,通过后处理得到运动目标的初始模板。然后,用小波变换对视频图像进行多分辨率分解。在最低分辨率上应用分水岭算法分割得到具有精确边缘的分割区域,通过将区域融合后的区域逐步投影到高分辨率图像上并结合高分辨率图像上的分水岭算法逐步提取出具有精确边缘的区域。最后,将运动目标的初始模板和多尺度分水岭分割得到的区域结合起来提取出具有精确边缘的视频对象。实验结果表明该算法能有效地分割和提取出视频序列中的视频对象。     

压缩域中叠化镜头的快速检测算法

随着网络和多媒体技术的不断发展，基于内容的多媒体信息检索技术变得越来越重要．同成熟的文本检索技术相比，视频检索还处在研究和探索阶段．视频检索的一个有效方法是将无结构的视频节目进行镜头分割，根据每个镜头的关键帧对视频建立索引．因此，镜头分割是基于内容的视频检索的基本步骤，在各种类型的镜头检测算法中，叠化镜头是很难检测的．根据叠化(dissolve)镜头内部预测帧预测误差能量和运动矢量分布特点，提出一种在压缩域中分割叠化镜头的新算法．与公开发表的同类算法相比，它具有以下优点：工作在压缩域上、速度快、鲁棒性好、精度更高．     

典型视频镜头分割方法的比较

视频镜头分割作为视频处理的第一步,一直受到学者的关注和重视,数十年来已提出了大量的算法。该文对几种常用的视频分割算法作了综述,分析了基于直方图的算法、基于运动的算法、基于轮廓的算法、以及直接针对压缩视频的算法等典型算法的特征,并详细研究了各种算法中帧差异值的计算和阈值设定的方法,比较了它们的优缺点,最后对视频分割算法研究作了展望。     

视频镜头分割方法综述

视频序列的镜头分割亦称镜头变化检测是视频检索中的关键技术之一.对五种常用的视频分割算法作了综述,包括像素法、直方图法、X2直方图法、X2直方图分块法、边缘轮廓变化率法,并详细介绍了各种算法中的帧差异值的计算以及介绍了了他们的优缺点,并且通过实验分析对各种算法进行了比较,五种算法的优缺点实验中得到了很好的体现.     

视频镜头时域分割方法的研究

视频时域分割指将视频序列分成若干镜头，是视频内容分析以及基于内容的视频浏览和检索的第一步．该文首先对视频结构以及视频镜头种类进行了简要的描述，然后对为计算不连续性而采用的提取特征和建立测量准则的常用方法进行概述．其后，文章介绍了检测镜头切变和渐变的算法及其优缺点．在压缩域上检测镜头变换边界的问题也在文中予以分析．在结论与展望中，提出了一些这一领域的难点和对今后工作的展望．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.