柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱荧光法同时测定啤酒中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2

目的建立柱前衍生-UPLC-FLD法测定啤酒中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的方法。方法样品直接经过乙腈稀释提取,提取液经过离心后,取上清液用多功能柱净化,净化液经氮气吹干、用三氟乙酸衍生后,经定容、微孔滤膜过滤、进液相色谱分析,以ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。结果 4种黄曲霉毒素线性范围较宽,相关系数r在0.999 2~0.999 6之间,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2检出限分别为0.05、0.02、0.08、0.02μg/kg。加标回收率90.47%~108.17%之间,回收率的RSD在0.97%~8.13%之间。结论本法操作简便、准确度好、精密度高,干扰性小,能满足啤酒中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的同时测定。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法检测食品中的黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2

目的:改进柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2。方法:分别用甲醇-水(8∶2,v∶v)或二氯甲烷提取食品中的黄曲霉毒素。提取液经免疫亲和柱净化后,采用三氟乙酸(或甲酸)进行衍生,并利用高效液相色谱仪进行测定。结果:黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限分别为0.2、0.2、0.2、0.2μg/kg;在低、中、高加标浓度下的回收率分别为81.0%~94.1%、75.6%~92.0%、75.0%~92.4%、77.6%~91.3%。结论:改进后的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法克服了样品基质的干扰,测定结果更准确。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中的黄曲霉毒素M1

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M_1的方法。方法 采用Acquityuplc BEH C_(18)液相色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)。通过黄曲霉毒素M_1与免疫亲和柱中抗体结合,确定了从牛奶中提取黄曲霉毒素M_1的处理条件并优化了质谱的测定参数。结果 黄曲霉毒素M_1在0.1~10.0 ng/ml的范围内线性良好,其回归标准曲线方程的相关系数为0.997 8,回收率94.8%~98.2%,RSD为2.34%~3.87%,方法定量限为0.005μg/kg。结论 提供了一种有效检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M_1的方法。     

坚果中黄曲霉毒素的光化学柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定

目的建立坚果中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定方法。方法样品以甲醇-水(70:30,v/v)溶液匀质提取,过黄曲霉毒素总量免疫层析亲和柱净化,经LaChrom C18色谱柱分离和光化学柱后衍生反应器衍生后,用带有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定。采用峰面积外标法定量坚果中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2含量。结果四种黄曲霉毒素在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限依次为0.10、0.05、0.10、0.05μg/kg。在3个添加水平下回收率为77.5%~109.8%,相对标准偏差为1.43%~2.71%。结论该方法的灵敏度、准确度、精密度均符合黄曲霉毒素的检测技术要求,适用于坚果中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的日常检测。     

免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生高效液相色谱 荧光法测定粮食中黄曲霉毒素

建立了粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生高效液相色谱荧光检测法。样品经甲醇-水提取,免疫亲和柱净化,高效液相色谱分离,光化学柱后衍生,荧光检测器测定。结果表明,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限分别为0.50、0.25、0.50、0.25μg/kg,回收率为67.2%～91.7%,RSD小于10%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足我国对粮食中黄曲霉毒素限量的检测要求。     

冷冻-离心净化-高效液相色谱法测定植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1

通过冷冻-离心净化,建立了高效液相色谱定量测定植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法,并将其用于测定市场上30批植物油产品中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量。以水/乙腈溶液为提取剂对植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1进行萃取,低温冷冻固化植物油,冷冻离心使植物油和提取液分离、净化提取液,经衍生后上液相色谱进行定量分析。优化的乙腈/水提取液配比为90:10,低温冰箱冷冻温度为-12 ℃,冷冻离心转速为12000 r/min、离心力约为1.4万 × g,以水浴加热的方式进行衍生。方法的定量检出限为0.02 μg/kg,校准曲线回归方程为y=2.321987x＋0.001377,相关系数（R2）为0.9997,在0.10～5.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好。当样品中黄曲霉毒素B1添加量为0.5、1.0、5.0 μg/kg时,平均回收率为80.2%～93.2%,相对标准偏差为2.9%～4.7%（n=6）,均优于免疫亲和柱净化处理的结果。市售植物油产品中黄曲霉毒素B1的浓度范围为< LOD至5.72 μg/kg,均低于GB 2761—2017中对该指标的限值,花生油和玉米油中黄曲霉毒素B1均有检出,油茶籽油和核桃油中黄曲霉毒素B1均低于检出限。该方法样品前处理简便、稳定性好、检出限低,适合植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1的批量检测。     

免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱法测定食用植物油中的黄曲霉毒素B1

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱法测定食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法。采用70%甲醇水溶液提取食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1,提取液经过滤、免疫亲和柱净化后,上高效液相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱仪进行测定。结果表明,黄曲霉毒素B1在0.2~10 ng/mL范围内方程线性关系良好,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.05μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.2μg/kg,平均加标回收率在83.0%~94.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.8%。     

IAC-HPLC法检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉醇及类似物质量分数

建立了IAC-HPLC(免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱)法检测牛奶中6种黄曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉醇及类似物的方法。样品经免疫亲和柱净化后,黄曲霉毒素用高效液相色谱——荧光检测器柱后衍生检测,玉米赤霉醇及其类似物用高效液相色谱——紫外检测器检测。结果表明,牛奶中黄曲霉毒素(M2,M1,G2,G1,B2,B1)的检测限分别为0.004,0.004,0.004,0.003,0.002,0.002μg/L,6种黄曲霉毒素的平均回收率在91.20%~113.8%之间,变异系数小于8.79%;玉米赤霉醇及其类似物的检测限均为0.05μg/L,平均回收率在54.22%~90.76%之间,变异系数小于9.44%。     

免疫亲和柱-液相色谱法快速测定面粉中黄曲霉毒素B_1的条件优化

建立了免疫亲和柱-液相色谱法快速测定面粉中黄曲霉毒素B_1的方法。样品经甲醇-水(80:20,v/v)提取,经过滤、沉淀(乙酸锌和亚铁氰化钾),通过免疫亲和柱净化,三氟乙酸和正己烷为衍生剂进行衍生,采用C_(18)柱为分离柱,乙腈:水(50:50,v/v)为流动相进行高效液相色谱分离分析。实验结果表明,黄曲霉毒素B_1线性范围(1~10)ng/m L,R2=0.9991,RSD=3.4%,检出限为0.1μg/kg,实际样品的黄曲霉毒素B_1回收率为81%~95%。该方法具有灵敏度高、回收率高、重现性好等优点,可用于面粉中黄曲霉毒素B_1的快速测定。     

高特异性黄曲霉毒素B_1单克隆抗体的制备及特性研究

本研究将黄曲霉毒素B1转化为半缩醛B2a,在硼氢化钠（NaBH4）还原作用下与载体蛋白偶联制备完全抗原。将制备的完全抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,经4次免疫后取其脾脏与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞Sp2/0细胞融合,采用半固体培养基筛选后鉴定,获得杂交瘤细胞株3A12,抗体的灵敏度可达6.1±0.025ng/mL,抗体与其它黄曲霉毒素B2、G1及G2的交叉反应率依次为7.8%、20.2%及0.6%,与黄曲霉毒素M1交叉反应率小于0.1%。本研究为研发花生等农产品黄曲霉毒素B1特异性免疫分析技术及产品奠定了重要基础。     

Zur Untersuchung von Milch und Milchprodukten auf die Aflatoxine B1, B2, G1, G2 und M1

Zusammenfassung Der vom Bundesgesundheitsamt vorgelegte Entwurf zur Bestimmung der Aflatoxine B₁, B₂, G₁ und G₂ wurde auf die zusätzliche Erfassung des Aflatoxins M₁ überpruft. Es wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die ursprüngliche Methode nur wenig zu ändern, um die zahlreichen Vorschläge zur Aflatoxin-Analytik nicht noch weiter zu vermehren. Mit verhältnisäßig geringen Änderungen können alle Aflatoxine, also B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ and M₁ in flüissiger Milch, Milchpulver, Butter, Käse, Quark, Saline, Joghurt und Fruchtjoghurt quantitativ erfaßt werden.

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Investigations of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂, and M₁ in milk and milk products

Summary The method proposed by the Federal Department of Health for the determination of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ was tested for additional determination of aflatoxin M₁. With relatively small changes of the original method, all aflatoxins including. B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂, and M₁ can be determined quantitatively in milk, milk powder, butter, cheese, quark, cream, yoghurt and fruit yoghurt.

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37. Mitteilung: Zur Aflatoxinbildung in Milch und Milchprodukten.     

Zur Untersuchung von Milch und Milchprodukten auf die Aflatoxine B1, B2, G1, G2 und M1

Der vom Bundesgesundheitsamt vorgelegte Entwurf zur Bestimmung der Aflatoxine B₁, B₂, G₁ und G₂ wurde auf die zusätzliche Erfassung des Aflatoxins M₁ überpruft. Es wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die ursprüngliche Methode nur wenig zu ändern, um die zahlreichen Vorschläge zur Aflatoxin-Analytik nicht noch weiter zu vermehren. Mit verhältnisäßig geringen Änderungen können alle Aflatoxine, also B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ and M₁ in flüissiger Milch, Milchpulver, Butter, Käse, Quark, Saline, Joghurt und Fruchtjoghurt quantitativ erfaßt werden.     

Evaluation and Improvement of Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 from Naturally Contaminated Maize

The extraction procedure for aflatoxin determination in maize is based on a methanol–water (8 + 2 v/v) or an acetone–water (85 + 15 v/v) mixture. Initially, the extraction efficiency of two solvents was evaluated for each aflatoxin. Different results were obtained for highly contaminated maize: significantly higher levels of aflatoxin B₁ were obtained by acetone–water, on the contrary higher levels of aflatoxin G₂ were achieved by methanol–water. Then, acetone–water mixtures in different proportions (7 + 3, 6 + 4 and 5 + 5 v/v) were tested to improve the extraction of aflatoxin G₂. Applying these extraction mixtures, the values both of aflatoxin B₁ and of other aflatoxins were generally higher compared to those obtained by acetone–water 85 + 15; moreover, acetone–water (6 + 4) and (7 + 3) showed the best extraction efficiency for all aflatoxins.     

呋喃氟尿嘧啶衍生物M1、M2的合成

目的探索高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物。方法替加氟(FT-207)为先导化合物,经取代反应、水解反应制得N1-(四氢-2-呋喃基)-N3-乙酸基-5-Fu,在N,N,-二环己基碳酰亚胺(DCC)作用下分别与2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑及2-氨基-5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑反应,生成目标化合物M1及M2。结果 M1及M2结构经红外光谱、质谱、元素分析和核磁共振氢谱确证。结论合成路线合理,操作简便,值得进一步研究。     

Bestimmung von Aflatoxin M1 und M2 in Milch

Zusammenfassung Durch Fällung der Milchproteine mit Cadmiumsulfat und Extraktion mit Chloroform wird eine schnelle und verläßliche Erfassung von Aflatoxin M₁ and M₂ erreicht. Die Abtrennung erfolgt dünnschichtchromatographisch, und zwar zweidimensional; einmal mit Diäthyläther, zum anderen mit Essigsäureäthylester/Acetonitril (1 + 1). Durch Derivatbildung, Sprühreagentien und Fluorescenzspektren wird die eindeutige Identifizierung gesichert. Die Erfassungsgrenze liegt bei 0,04 ppb.

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Determination of aflatoxin M₁ and M₂ in milk

Summary By precipitation of milk proteins with cadmium sulfate and by extraction with chloroform, a fast and reliable determination of aflatoxin M₁ and M₂ is achieved. The separation is performed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography with diethyl-ether and acetic-acid ethyl-ester/acetonitrile (1 + 1). By derivate-formation, spray reagents and fluorescence spectra the definitive identification is assured; the detection limit is 0.04 ppb.

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Auszug aus der Dissertation von W. Mücke: Nachweis der Aflatoxine M₁ and M₂ in Milch. Technische Universität München 1973.

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19. Mitteilung: Zur Aflatoxinbildung in Milch und Milehprodukten.     

Vitamins B1 and B2 contents in cultivated mushrooms

Mushrooms have long been treated as a delicacy. Nowadays however, many researchers consider them to be nutraceutical foods, which has stimulated new and existing Brazilian producers to search for more productive techniques and to introduce other species. The objective of this study was to determine the vitamin B₁ and B₂ contents in mushrooms. The main species of mushroom cultivated in Brazil and analysed in this study are: Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom and portobello), Lentinula edodes (shiitake) and Pleorotus spp. (shimeji and oyster mushroom). The methodology employed used acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and separation of the vitamins by high performance liquid chromatography using a C₁₈ reverse phase column and fluorescence detector. The results obtained for thiamine (vitamin B₁) were from 0.004 to 0.08 mg/100 g and for riboflavin (vitamin B₂), from 0.04 to 0.3 mg/100 g.     

Efficacy of Solis, NovasilPlus, and MTB-100 to reduce aflatoxin M1 levels in milk of early to mid lactation dairy cows fed aflatoxin B1

An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of 3 adsorbents, Solis (SO; Novus International Inc.), NovasilPlus (NOV; Engelhard Corp.), and MTB-100 (MTB; Alltech), in reducing aflatoxin (AF) M₁ concentrations in milk of dairy cows fed an AF-contaminated diet. Twelve early to mid lactation dairy cows averaging 163 d in milk were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 3 replications. Cows were blocked by parity, body weight, and milk production and were provided ad libitum access to feed and water. Within each replicate, cows were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary treatments for 4 consecutive 7-d periods. Dietary treatments included AF [112 μg of AFB₁/kg of diet dry matter (DM)]; AF + 0.56% SO; AF + 0.56% NOV; and AF + 0.56% MTB. Milk samples were collected on d 6 and 7 of each of the experimental periods. Feed intake, milk production, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, and linear somatic cell scores were not affected by dietary treatments and averaged 22.20 kg/d of DM, 33.87 kg/d, 3.78%, 2.95%, and 1.60, respectively, across all treatments. Transfer rates of AF from feed to milk averaged 2.65, 1.48, 1.42, and 2.52% for cows fed AF, AF + SO, AF + NOV, and AF + MTB, respectively. Daily AFM₁ excretion in milk averaged 66, 37, 35, and 63 μg/d for cows fed AF, AF + SO, AF + NOV, and AF + MTB, respectively. The addition of SO and NOV to the AF diet resulted in a significant reduction in milk AFM₁ concentrations (SO, 45%; NOV, 48%) and AFM₁ excretion (SO, 44%; NOV, 46%). In contrast, MTB was not effective in reducing milk AFM₁ concentrations (4%), AFM₁ excretion (5%), or AF transfer from feed to milk (2.52%). Results indicated that SO and NOV at 0.56% of the diet were effective in reducing milk AFM₁ concentrations in cows consuming a total mixed ration containing 112 μg of AFB₁/kg of diet DM.     

快速测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的维生素B1及B2

建立高效液相色谱-荧光法快速测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中维生素B₁及维生素B₂。方法优化了前处理条件,采用高压酸提法提取目标化合物,样品沉淀蛋白后直接测定维生素B₂,取部分清液用碱性铁氰化钾衍生后测定维生素B₁。目标物在对应的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系（R²≥0.9998）,样品加标回收率在92.4%～102%之间。该方法快速,准确,适用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中维生素B₁、B₂的测定。     

单克隆免疫亲和柱—高效液相色谱法测定酱油中伏马毒素B1、B2

研究了单克隆免疫亲和柱－高效液相色谱法测定酱油中伏马毒素B1、B2的方法。样品经离心和玻璃纤维滤纸过滤后,通过FumoniTest免疫亲和柱净化,净化液经柱前衍生,Spherisorb C18色谱柱分离,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。对添加不同含量水平的伏马毒素B1、B2,5次重复实验的平均回收率为B1 84．6％－89．2％,B2 60．3％－69．5％。变异系数（CV）为B1 5．5％－7．8％,B2 6．2％－9．3％。检测低限为B1 0．01mg/kg,B2 0.02mg/kg。