叶片数及弦长对升力型垂直轴风力机的影响

文章基于非对称翼型NACA4415,以功率系数为依据,以CFD仿真为手段,研究了在不同尖速比下叶片数与叶片弦长对升力型垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,以及不同尖速比和叶轮实度不同时,垂直轴风力机功率系数的变化。研究结果显示,该类升力型垂直轴风力机叶轮实度取0.25~0.45,尖速比λ取2.5~3.4时,具有较高的功率系数。流场分析表明,当叶片弦长与叶片数的变化对流场的扰动能力小于垂直轴风力机从流场中获取风能的能力时,叶片弦长与叶片数的变化会增加垂直轴风力机的功率系数;反之,垂直轴风力机的功率系数降低。该研究为此类20 k W垂直轴风力机的设计与选型提供依据。     

加装后缘小翼的垂直轴风力机输出特性研究

为了研究H型垂直轴风力机后缘加装小翼的输出特性变化规律,文章以NACA0012翼型叶片为例,采用风洞试验与数值模拟的方法,对加装后缘小翼的风力机进行了研究。模拟结果表明,加装后缘小翼的风力机的单叶片扭矩系数及功率性能要优于未加装小翼的风力机,整体功率较未加装小翼的风力机略有提升。风洞实验结果表明:加装后缘小翼可以提高风力机的最大输出功率,其中径长比对于加装小翼的垂直轴风力机功率提升的影响较大;当转速小于300 r/min时,安装径长比为0.6的后缘小翼的风力机输出功率最高;当转速超过300 r/min时,径长比为0.4的后缘小翼的风力机输出功率最高。     

叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机气动性能研究

对麦克马斯特大学H型垂直轴风力机进行改进,交错布置其叶片,设计了一种叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机。基于CFD方法计算典型工况下叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机的功率,结果表明,在相同几何尺寸和工况下叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机的功率系数高于麦克马斯特大学H型垂直轴风力机,在尖速比为1.6时,最大功率系数达到0.338。最后分析了风场的涡强和风速分布特性,得出叶片交叠布置对于减少尾流影响具有显著作用的结论。     

组合型垂直轴风力机气动特性的模拟计算与实验研究

为改善直线翼垂直轴风力机在低风速下的起动性,设计一种以Savonius风轮作为起动机与直线翼垂直轴风力机相组合构成的组合型垂直轴风力机。首先采用空气动力学原理和风洞实验经验结果设计开发垂直轴风力机空气动力特性计算软件,并进行风力机性能模拟计算,然后利用风洞实验测试组合型风力机和单独型直线翼垂直轴风力机的力矩和功率特性。将实验结果与采用气动模拟计算出的风力机气动特性结果进行对比分析,结果表明组合型风力机可在较低风速起动,可改善直线翼风力机起动特性,且最大功率系数有一定提高。但在高风速下,在风速大于8.0m/s时,组合型风力机的功率特性开始降低,特别是10.4m/s以后,阻力风轮对风力机的功率输出产生一定影响。     

阻力型垂直轴风力机聚风装置研究现状

阻力型垂直轴风力机具有结构简单、噪声小、不受来流风向影响等优点,但其功率系数较低。聚风装置不仅能有效提高阻力型垂直轴风力机的功率系数,还能改善其气动特性,故国内外学者对风力机外围的聚风装置做了大量的研究。文章详细描述了国内外阻力型垂直轴风力机聚风装置的研究现状,对其进行了分类整理和总结,旨在对阻力型垂直轴风力机的研究提供有价值的参考。     

屋顶H型垂直轴风力机气动性能CFD计算方法研究

以一种屋顶H型垂直轴风力机为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学方法模拟了风轮在10 m/s风速下的功率系数曲线。提出以计算效率和精度作为功率系数数值计算方法适用性的评价指标,通过对比功率系数曲线的计算结果和实验数据,研究了湍流模型、网格单元形状和时间步长对功率系数计算适用性的影响。结果表明,计算H型垂直轴风力机功率系数时,采用SST k-ω湍流模型、四边形网格划分计算域,设置时间步长为风轮旋转0.5°所需时间,可获得较高的计算效率和计算精度。     

阻力型垂直轴风力机叶型研究现状

阻力型垂直轴风力机因其结构简单、自启动性能好、噪音小、不易磨损等优点而受关注,将其与建筑结合用于节能也得到了越来越多的研究。阻力型垂直轴风力机的叶型是影响其性能的重要因素,合适的叶型不但能提高阻力型垂直轴风力机的功率系数,还能改善其气动特性。详细概述了国内外阻力型垂直轴风力机叶型的相关信息,根据几何参数的不同进行了分类、总结,旨在为阻力型垂直轴风力机叶型的优化设计提供一定的参考。     

垂直轴风力机叶片变桨距运转模式研究

针对垂直轴风力机自启动性能差和风能利用率低的问题,提出一种新型自动变桨距垂直轴风力机方案。结合垂直轴风力机叶片攻角变化及翼型气动力特性,制定了一种最优叶片桨距角变化模式。根据叶素理论,计算得到了采用该变桨距模式在低叶尖速比和高叶尖速比时的叶轮扭矩系数,结果表明,采用该变桨距模式可有效增大垂直轴风力机的启动力矩以及提高其风能利用系数,为进一步开发自动变桨距垂直轴风力机奠定了研究基础。     

垂直轴风力机三维效应的数值模拟研究

文章针对二维和三维垂直轴风力机的数值模拟的差异,提出了风力机的三维效应是造成模拟差异的主要原因。运用计算流体力学方法对某直线翼垂直轴风力机模型进行了二维和三维的数值模研究。通过比对实验得到的风力机功率系数,发现三维模拟结果与实验值吻合。观察尖速比为1.5时二维和三维垂直轴风力机的速度型分布曲线、流向速度云图和涡量云图,研究了阻塞效应、叶梢涡、支撑结构和塔架对数值模拟结果的影响。研究发现:在二维的数值模拟中,风力机没有受阻塞效应影响,功率系数被严重高估;三维的数值模拟能够模拟出全部的流畅细节,受叶梢涡和支撑结构的影响,风力机的功率系数明显降低。     

风力机垂直交错对下游风力机性能的影响研究

为降低上游风力机尾流的影响、优化风场布置,在两台串联的NERL 5 MW水平轴风力机中间安装1台小型的垂直轴风力机,形成垂直交错风场。采用FLUENT软件对串联风场和垂直交错风场进行数值模拟,对比两种风场的输出功率与流动特性。同时,改变垂直轴风力机的安装位置,分析其与下游风力机的距离对垂直交错风场的影响。结果表明：当风力机串联布置且为标准间距7D(D为风轮直径)时,下游风力机受上游风力机尾流影响仍然很大,输出功率下降57.1%;串联风场中加入垂直轴风力机加快了相应垂直交错风场尾流的恢复,提高了下游风力机的输出功率;垂直交错风场中垂直轴风力机安装距离为1D～6D时,可以在上游风力机功率变化不明显的情况下提高下游风力机的输出功率;当安装距离为6D时,下游风力机提高功率最高,比串联风场增加了40.1%。     

驱动热泵的垂直轴风力机风轮气动特性数值分析

根据风能热泵系统的工作环境及匹配特性,针对给定供热面积的系统各参数选取方法以及垂直轴风力机风轮设计进行了探讨,在此基础上初步完成了额定功率为300 W的风轮设计,并利用二维数值模拟方法对不同叶尖速比下的性能曲线进行计算,分析得到了额定风速9.00 m/s时,驱动压缩机的最佳风轮转速为350~375r/min。结果表明,300 W垂直轴风力机的输出特性可满足风能热泵机组的工作要求,该数值分析结果可为风能供热技术的应用示范提供理论支撑。     

A straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine with a directed guide vane row — Effect of guide vane geometry on the performance —

The objective of this study is to show the effect of guide vane geometry on the performance. In order to overcome the disadvantages of vertical axis wind turbine, a straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine (S-VAWT) with a directed guide vane row has been proposed and tested by the authors. According to previous studies, it was clarified that the performance of the turbine can be improved by means of the directed guide vane row. However, the guide vane geometry of S-VAWT has not been optimized so far. In order to clarify the effect of guide vane geometry, the effects of setting angle and gap between rotor blade and guide vane on power coefficient and starting characteristic were investigated in the experiments. The experimental study of the proposed wind turbine was carried out by a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel with a diameter of 1.8m is open jet type. The wind velocity is 8 m/s in the experiments. The rotor has three straight blades with a profile of NACA0018 and a chord length of 100 mm, a diameter of 0.6 m and a blade height of 0.7 m. The guide vane row consists of 3 arc plates.     

一种新型聚能-遮蔽型立轴风力机

提出了一种适合任意风向的新型聚能-遮蔽型立轴风力机,并应用计算流体力学方法,对这种风力机的气动性能进行了数值模拟.研究表明:这种新型立轴风力机比传统的立轴风力机的风能利用率有显著提高.此外,该文还采用了正交优化设计方法,对这种立轴风力机的结构参数进行了优化设计,得到了一组最优的设计参数,该最优设计参数下风力机的风能利用率达37%.     

不同扩散体对建筑增强型垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响

为研究不同建筑扩散体对建筑增强型直线翼垂直轴风力机的气动性能与流场结构的影响,采用CFD数值模拟的方法,以NACA0021为叶片翼型的多叶片建筑增强型直线翼垂直轴风力机为对象,研究其在不同建筑扩散体及不同尖速比下的气动性能。结果表明:建筑增强型直线翼垂直轴风力机存在最佳尖速比;不同建筑扩散体对提高直线翼垂直轴风力机风能利用率影响较大,在所选取的8种建筑扩散体模型中,梯形建筑扩散体下的直线翼垂直轴风力机在尖速比为4.62时标准化风能利用率可达1.560 7,而A1翼型式建筑扩散体下的直线翼垂直轴风力机前后压差较小,风能难以利用。     

有弯度翼型垂直轴风力机的数值模拟研究

应用计算流体动力学有限体积法SIMPLE算法,配合SST k-ω湍流模型和滑动网格技术模拟分析了有弯度翼型4叶片垂直轴风力机的气动特性,以其作为有弯度翼型垂直轴风力机设计的参考依据。研究结果发现,在入口流速为10 m/s,尖速比为1.6时,该种风力机单个叶片的瞬时力矩系数为-0.03～0.18,并且在一个转动周期内正的瞬时力矩系数历时较长;整个风轮的的力矩系数在尖速比为1.6左右时达到最大值,功率系数在尖速比为1.7左右时达到最大值。     

Performance assessment of a small wind turbine with crossflow runner by numerical simulations

Most of the classical wind turbines are not able to start at wind speeds as low as 2–3 m/s. Other turbines, like Savonius, have a low maximum efficiency, which renders them useless in poor wind conditions. Therefore, new turbine designs are required to harvest wind power even when the wind speed is low. A wind turbine having a crossflow runner, similar to the Banki water turbine, is studied numerically in this work in order to estimate its performance. The results obtained suggest that this turbine has a considerable high starting torque and its maximum power coefficient is comparable to those of horizontal axis wind turbines. Based on the results obtained, some improvements of the design are proposed in order to further increase turbine performance.     

Effect of blade number on performance of drag type vertical axis wind turbine

The effect of blade number on performance of drag type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is studied by Ansys numerical simulation, it involves 3-blade, 5-blade and 6-blade VAWTs. The optimized width of blade for each VAWT at maximum power efficiency is obtained, and simulation for the wind turbine with different number of blade is conducted for the VAWTs with turbine radius of 2 m at the inlet wind speed 8 m/s. By simulations, it gets the evolution curve of torque with respect to time, and the cyclical characteristics for these wind turbines. The results show that the maximum power efficiency and the stability of the wind turbine increase with the number of blade of the wind turbine, however the optimal d/D decreases with the number of blade of the wind turbine. The maximum power efficiencies are 20.44, 24.30 and 26.82% for 3-blade, 5-blade and 6-blade wind turbines, and the correspondingly optimal d/D are 0.66, 0.40 and 0.35, respectively. While the optimal rotational rate of turbine decreases with blade number.     

CFD study of some factors affecting performance of HAWT with swept blades

Most modern high-power wind turbines are horizontal axis type with straight twisted blades. Upgrading power and performance of these turbines is considered a challenge. A recent trend towards improving the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) performance is to use swept blades or sweep twist adaptive blades. In the present work, the effect of blade curvature, sweep starting point and sweep direction on the wind turbine performance was investigated. The CFD simulation method was validated against available experimental data of a 0.9?m diameter HAWT. The wind turbine power and thrust coefficients at different tip speed ratios were calculated. Flow field, pressure distribution and local tangential and streamwise forces were also analysed. The results show that the downstream swept blade has the highest C_p value at design point as compared with the straight blade profile. However, the improvement in power coefficient is accompanied by a thrust increase. Results also show that the best performance is obtained when the starting blade sweeps at 25% of blade radius for different directions of sweep.     

水平轴风力机塔架的频率和振型特性实验研究

为了研究风力机塔架的振动特性,文章利用动态信号采集分析系统,对水平轴风力机塔架进行了实验模态分析和运行模态分析测试,得到了塔架静止与振动两种工况下的固有频率与模态振型,分析了塔架的振动特性。通过对风力机振动信号的频谱分析发现,风速小于10 m/s时,只能激励起塔架挥舞方向与摆振方向的二阶模态;通过对风力机塔架的模态分析发现,风力机发生振动,塔架固有频率与模态振型发生小幅度改变;随着风速和振动烈度的增大,塔架模态参数的变化幅度随之增大。该研究可以为风力机塔架优化设计提供借鉴。     

全向导叶作用下叶片实度对垂直轴风力机气动特性的影响

为研究全向导叶作用下不同实度对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,通过改变叶片数及弦长调整实度并分析其对全向导叶垂直轴风力机气动性能的作用。结果表明：全向导叶使垂直轴风力机周围流体提速效果显著,最大风能利用率和力矩系数较原始垂直轴风力机分别提高41.6%和25%;随实度增大时,全向导叶垂直轴风力机最佳尖速比降低;改变弦长时,风能利用率峰值随弦长增大呈现先增后减的趋势,且在小尖速比工况下,高实度全向导叶垂直轴风力机力矩系数较高,最大可达0.192;改变叶片数时,风能利用率峰值随叶片数增多而降低,且大尖速比下的低实度全向导叶垂直轴风力机力矩系数较大,但不同实度的全向导叶垂直轴风力机最大力矩系数相差较小。