首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
儿童高血压     
1概述根据2009年发布的《中国心血管病报告》,我国18岁以上高血压人口估计至少有2亿。已经成为名副其实的高血压人口大国。其原因之一与我们忽略了不断进入高血压人口大军的儿童青少年高血压的防治有一定关系(从国家"六五"至"十一五"只有针对成年人群的高血压的防治策略)。将高血压防治窗口"下移"到儿童青少年人群,是  相似文献   

2.
单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)是老年人高血压最为常见的类型,其对心血管事件的发生有重要影响。值得注意的是,ISH在儿童及青少年中也很常见。与儿童及青少年ISH发病机制不同,大动脉僵硬度增加是老年人ISH的主要发病机制。多项研究表明,儿童及青少年ISH的主要发病机制为交感神经活动亢进,可表现为:高动力状态、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统激活等。现从儿童及青少年ISH发病机制的研究进展做一综述。  相似文献   

3.
【摘要】 目的 探讨儿童青少年原发性高血压引发的危险因素,为制定儿童原发性高血压的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法 计算机检索EMbase、The Cochrane Library、ISlweb of Knowledge Elsevier Science、PubMed、BioMed Central、OVid、wanFang Data、CBM、CNKI、VIP等数据库,收集2004.1.1~2014.12.31期间国内外公开发表的与儿童高血压影响因素相关的研究报道。结果 共纳入44篇。高血压相关因素:超重肥胖4.83(3.90,5.97),腰围 4.93(1.79,13.57)、高血压家族史1.49(1.25,1.77),性别(男)1.03(0.85,1.26)。结论 超重、肥胖、腰围及高血压家族史是构成儿童青少年原发性高血压的危险因素,其中超重肥胖的相关性最大,性别(男)不构成高血压的危险因素。  相似文献   

4.
5.
目的 探讨福辛普利治疗儿童和青少年原发性高血压的降压效果及相关影响因素。方法 总结2018年1月至2020年12月应用福辛普利治疗的原发性高血压患儿152例的临床资料,根据用药4周后的降压效果分为血压达标组(n=98)和未达标组(n=54),比较两组患儿的临床资料,分别采用多因素logistic回归分析和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血压达标的相关因素及预测指标。结果 患儿血压控制率为64.5%(98/152)。与治疗前相比,治疗后收缩压[中位数(P25~P75)为126(120~130)比140(135~147)mmHg,Z=-9.865,P<0.001]及舒张压[74(69~80)比82(76~90)mmHg,Z=-7.792,P<0.001]降低。与血压达标组比较,未达标组治疗前平均收缩压[144(140~154)比140(132~145)mmHg,Z=-4.021,P<0.001]和舒张压[85(80~91)比80(72~90)mmHg,Z=-2.413,P=0.016]较高,治疗后平均收缩压下降差值较低[10(6...  相似文献   

6.
近年来的流行病学调查研究表明高血压发病率呈年轻化趋势,高血压已不再是中老年人的专利,越来越多的青少年也受到高血压的威胁。由于青少年高血压往往无明显症状,因此最近对青少年高血压的认识、诊断和治疗提出了新的要求,本文就青少年高血压的定义、诊断及其病因做一综述。  相似文献   

7.
随着生活水平的提高和饮食模式的改变,儿童及青少年高血压的发病率有逐渐增加的趋势。高血压的防治重在预防,在儿童及青少年时期识别高血压高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低成人高血压的发生率。该文从儿童及青少年高血压的流行病学特点、诊断标准、危险因素、靶器官损害等方面的研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

8.
目的调查北京市昌平区10-18岁超重/肥胖人群空腹血糖受损(IF℃)的患病率。方法随机抽样获得样本3409名。体检并记录身高、体重、血压,计算BMI。BMI高于同年龄性别第85百分点者测定空腹血糖。FPG≥5.6mmol/L者做口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。结果空腹血糖筛查发现81例IFG和1例2型糖尿病。超重/肥胖儿童青少年IFG患病率6.12%。OGTT结果显示,除1例2型糖尿病外未发现餐后血糖〉7.8mmol/L者。结论本地区10~18岁超重/肥胖人群IFG患病率较低。  相似文献   

9.
青少年初始血压高者在高血压发生中的预测意义   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
为探讨初始血压偏高者在高血压发生中的预测意义,对汉中农村4623名年龄6~15岁青少年血压,经过8年随访(末次随访率为82.07%)证明,基线调查收缩压百分位与8年后的收缩压相关系数,男为0.33,女为0.28,舒张压均为0.20;基线调查收缩压在第75百分位(P75)以上者,8年后血压≥18.7/12.0kPa(140/90mmHg)的机率是<P50以下的3.91倍,初始血压百分位愈高相对危险性愈大;如同时初始收缩压≥P75、体重指数≥P90,并有高血压病家族史者,发生高血压的机率为27.6%,是收缩压<P75、体重指数<P90和无高血压家族史者的6.57倍。我们认为,青少年初始血压高者是成年高血压的易感人群,特别当伴有肥胖或超重及高血压家族史者,预测意义更大。  相似文献   

10.
美国高血压学会主办的新闻发布会上,专家指出肥胖青少年的心脏病发病率将会翻上三倍,其主要原因是儿童高血压发病率的升高。  相似文献   

11.
198 7年对一组汉中市农村 6~ 15岁少儿经用 M-型超声心动图测定左心室重量并进行血压等相关因素的 5年随访对比观察。结果表明 ,5年中一直 SBP≥ P95 以上者 ,左心室重量高于SBP≤ P5 0 以下者 ;左心室重量与收缩压的相关性随着时间的推移而加强 ;男性少儿左室重量在 95 % CI上界以上者 ,于第 5年时仍有 6 0 %的人收缩压值处于该年龄、性别收缩压百分位 90以上。提示左心室重量 ,特别在男性少年儿童对血压发展有预测意义  相似文献   

12.
    
Blood pressure (BP) is expected to have increased over time in children in most countries due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. The authors conducted a systematic review of studies assessing secular trends in BP in children and adolescents. Of 1739 citations screened, the authors identified 18 studies including 2 042 470 participants examined between 1963 and 2012. Thirteen studies were conducted in high‐income countries, five in middle‐income countries, and none in low‐income countries. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased in 17 studies and decreased in one study. BP decreased over time in 13 studies, increased in four, and did not change in one. These findings suggest that secular trends in BP do not mirror secular trends in overweight. This implies that other factors mitigate the effect of overweight on BP in children and adolescents.  相似文献   

13.
    
This study evaluated the accuracy of four height‐based equations: blood pressure to height ratio (BPHR), modified BPHR (MBPHR), new modified BPHR (NMBPHR), and height‐based equations (HBE) for screening elevated BP in children and adolescents in the SAYCARE study. We measured height and BP of 829 children and adolescents from seven South American cities. Receiving operating curves were used to assess formula performance to diagnose elevated BP in comparison to the 2017 clinical guideline. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for the four screening formulas. The diagnostic agreement was evaluated with the kappa coefficient. The HBE equation showed the maximum sensitivity (100%) in children, both for boys and girls, and showed the best performance results, with a very high NPV (>99%) and high PPV (>60%) except for female children (53.8%). In adolescents, the highest sensitivity (100%) was achieved with the NMBPHR for both sexes. Kappa coefficients indicated that HBE had the highest agreement with the gold standard diagnostic method (between 0.70 and 0.75), except for female children (0.57). Simplified methods are friendlier than the percentile gold standard tables. The HBE equation showed better performance than the other formulas in this Latin American pediatric population.  相似文献   

14.
Through the benefit of a large body of normative data on blood pressure throughout childhood, along with the clinical practice of regular blood pressure measurement in the young, mild elevation of blood pressure can be detected in the young. Unlike secondary hypertension in the young which is more severe, slight to mild elevations in blood pressure during childhood may be an early expression of essential hypertension. Mildly elevated blood pressure in the young is usually associated with other risk factors including obesity, family history of cardiovascular disease, and metabolic alterations in lipids and insulin. Environmental factors, which include health related behaviors can modulate the expression of the risk factors including elevated blood pressure. The extent to which the health behaviors of diet and exercise can be modified in the young may be important for risk factor intervention during the early phases of hypertension.  相似文献   

15.
    
Central obesity may contribute to the development of hypertension in youths with diabetes. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study followed 1518 youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 177 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed when <20 years of age for incident hypertension. Incident hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥95th percentile (or ≥130/80 mm Hg) or reporting antihypertensive therapy among those without hypertension at baseline. Poisson regression models were stratified by diabetes type and included demographic and clinical factors, clinical site, and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). Youths with T2D were more likely to develop hypertension than those with T1D (35.6% vs 14.8%, P < .0001). For each 0.01 unit of annual increase in WHtR, adjusted relative risk for hypertension was 1.53 (95% CI 1.36‐1.73) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.00‐1.43) for youths with T1D and T2D, respectively. Effective strategies targeted toward reducing central obesity may reduce hypertension among youths with diabetes.  相似文献   

16.
    
Blood pressure (BP) increased with age and height development, but little was known about the effect of pubertal development on blood pressure in children. A cross‐sectional study was performed among 4146 children aged 7–12 years old in China. Pubertal development was assessed based on breast stages and testicular volume. The associations of pubertal development with BP levels and the rate of elevated blood pressure (EBP) were quantified using multiple linear and logistic regressions. We found that pubertal developmental level was positively correlated with BP, and children who experienced puberty onset and early pubertal timing had higher BP levels and prevalence of EBP. After adjusting for covariates, children experienced puberty onset had 3.84 and 2.24 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and 70%, 53%, and 62% increased odds of EBP, ESBP, and EDBP, respectively, compared with those without puberty onset. Similar results were observed for children who had early pubertal timing. The change of BP in puberty is greater and the association between pubertal development and BP is stronger in girls than boys. These findings suggested that pubertal development could be an important independent factor and one critical period for the EBP progress. Monitoring and management of pubertal development are necessary particularly among girls.  相似文献   

17.
青少年高血压的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

18.
    
Few data to date exist on pediatric hypertension (PH) prevalence and risk factors in semi‐urban areas in Cameroon, and they are believed to be the same as urban areas. These data are needed to design targeted preventive strategies and contribute to reducing the burden of PH in Cameroon and countries with equivalent standards of care. The authors conducted a cross‐sectional study, from November, 2017 to June, 2018, in primary and secondary schools, from semi‐urban (Bamboutos, West Region) and urban (Mfoundi, Center Region) settings in Cameroon, including children and adolescent aged between 3 and 19 years, recruited on a stratified probability sampling. PH was defined according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 2017. Overall, 1001 and 842 participants were, respectively, included in urban and semi‐urban areas. The overall average age was 13.9 ± 4.03 years, and two‐thirds were girls. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in urban area (overweight: 17.1%; obesity: 5.9%), compared to semi‐urban (overweight: 1.1% and obesity: 0.8%) (p < .001). The prevalence of hypertension was higher in urban (12%) than semi‐urban areas (8.6%) (p = .01). We have identified as factors associated with PH: age > 14 years (OR = 3.18 [1.6; 6.2]) and secondary level of education (OR = 2.5 [1.2; 5.5]) in urban areas; family history of hypertension (OR 1.93 [1.1; 3.4] in semi‐urban areas. PH prevalence is higher in urban than semi‐urban areas, and the associated factors are not the same. Policies to address hypertension in the pediatric population must be targeted and tailored to the different population profiles.  相似文献   

19.
    
Though anthropometric measurement (AM) frequently occurs in school settings, it is not without risks to child wellbeing. The aim of this scoping review was to examine how AM in school settings takes place and is reported on to make recommendations on best practices. We identified and extracted data from 440 studies published since 2005 that conducted AM in school (pre-school through secondary/high school) settings. Privacy and sensitivity of AM were unclear in over 90% of studies. Thirty-one studies (7.0%) reported protecting student privacy, while nine (2.0%) reported public measurement. Only five studies reported sensitivity regarding AM (1.1%). Exactly who conducted AM was not specified in 201 studies (45.7%). Sixty-nine studies did not provide a weight status criteria citation (19.2%), and 10 used an incorrect citation (2.7%). In summary, serious shortcomings in the reporting of how AM is conducted and by whom, along with details concerning weight status classification, are evident. There is considerable room for improvement regarding the reporting of key methodological details. We propose best practices for AM in school settings, which also double as conditions that should be met before AM takes place in school settings.  相似文献   

20.
Among the secondary complications of diabetes, early stages of retinopathy and nephropathy are of foremost importance in paediatrics. Regular examinations of retinal status and of urinary albumin excretion therefore become necessary with the onset of puberty or after 5 years of diabetes duration. With fluorescein angiography, the first retinal changes can be expected after a median diabetes duration of 9 years, while the median time to clinically relevant background retinopathy is 14 years. This diagnosis is delayed by 4 and 6 years, respectively, if retinopathy is staged exclusively by ophthalmoscopy. Approximately 10 to 20 % of children may develop microalbuminuria, starting in early puberty. Several risk factors for the development of diabetic angiopathy have been identified. The degree of glycaemic control, both before and after puberty, appears to be of outstanding importance, but the contribution of other factors may be of varying relevance in the individual patient. These include arterial blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, sex steroids, smoking and genetic factors. Apart from the best possible metabolic regulation, early treatment with antihypertensive drugs has been shown to be beneficial in hypertensive adolescents but may also be renoprotective in normotensive adolescents with permanent microalbuminuria. However, the relatively high prevalence of intermittent and transient microalbuminuria in paediatric patients (2 and 3 % respectively), with unknown prognostic relevance, complicate the decision to start such treatment for a lifetime. Nevertheless, the early detection of risk factors and the implementation of appropriate intervention strategies are necessary to improve the long-term prognosis for children with diabetes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号

京公网安备 11010802026262号