供精精液参数与受精妇女妊娠结局的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨供精精液参数与受精妇女妊娠结局的关系。方法:回顾性分析本院生殖中心实施供精人工授精(AID)治疗的1903个周期,对女方年龄、授精精液采集后冷冻保存前和冻融复苏后各项参数和同一周期授精次数与术后妊娠结局进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:精子采集后冷冻保存前活动率(OR=1.982,P=0.042)、精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数(OR=1.699,P=0.031)和同一周期授精次数(OR=2.178,P=0.010)显著影响受精妇女的妊娠几率。结论:精子采集后冷冻保存前活动率>70%、精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数>30×106、同一周期授精2次能提高受精妇女的妊娠几率。     

自然月经周期供精人工授精临床妊娠率的影响因素

目的:探讨如何提高自然月经周期宫颈内人工授精(AID)妊娠率。方法:回顾性分析AID986个周期的女方年龄、解冻精子复苏率、卵泡直径、子宫内膜厚度、同一周期授精次数与周期临床妊娠率的关系。结果:周期临床妊娠率为18.15%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示女方年龄、同一周期授精次数是影响自然周期供精人工授精妊娠率的主要因素。按年龄分为<30岁组、30-35岁组和>35岁组,各组周期临床妊娠率分别为21.86%、13.04%和6.15%,两两比较有显著差异(P=0.000)。同一周期单次授精周期临床妊娠率(16.3%)低于双次授精者(27.85%),P=0.000;排卵前授精者(20.87%)略高于排卵后授精临床妊娠率(15.57%),但二者无统计学差异(P=0.165)。结论:女方年龄和同一周期授精次数是影响自然月经周期宫颈内AID临床妊娠率的主要因素,30岁以后临床妊娠率明显下降,同一周期双次授精可提高临床妊娠率。     

供精人工授精结局分析及临床应用价值

目的:探讨供精人工授精(AID)成功的影响因素及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析在本中心实施AID的2 467对不孕夫妇共5 470个周期的临床资料,分析影响AID临床妊娠率的相关因素及妊娠结局。结果:①年龄35岁和≥35岁的临床妊娠率分别为21.49%和12.27%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);②不孕年限≤5年和5年者比较,妊娠率有统计学差异(22.09%vs 16.45%,P0.05);③自然周期和控制性促排卵周期的临床妊娠率分别为21.92%和17.46%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);④不同授精方式宫颈内授精(ICI)、宫腔内授精(IUI)及ICI/IUI组的临床妊娠率分别为20.61%、16.52%和18.56%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);⑤每周期授精次数对AID的妊娠率有显著影响,1次和2次授精的成功率分别为10.64%和21.26%(P0.05);⑥注入前向运动精子总数40~60×106和60×106的妊娠率有统计学差异(19.32%vs26.07%,P0.05);⑦第1、第2、第3、第4周期的累计妊娠率分别为20.02%、33.40%、41.06%、43.70%,随着授精次数的增加,累计妊娠率显著升高(P0.05);⑧1 110例妊娠者中33例(11.98%)流产,13例(1.17%)发生宫外孕,多胎率为3.15%,出生缺陷发生率为0.67%。结论:①在AID治疗中女方年龄、不孕年限、治疗方案、授精次数及注入前向运动精子总数均是影响成功妊娠的相关因素;②AID技术安全有效,患者至少应进行3~4个周期的AID治疗,未成功者应及时求助于试管婴儿等其他辅助生殖技术。     

影响供精人工授精成功率的多因素分析

目的:探讨多种因素对供精人工授精(AID)治疗效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析2004.12-2005.11期间在本中心579位妇女实施的1033个AID治疗周期,探讨AID治疗成功率与妇女年龄、输卵管治疗史、每周期AID治疗次数、AID实施周期数和授精方式的关系。结果:①35岁以上的不孕妇女AID治疗成功率明显下降(P<0.05);②有输卵管治疗史的妇女AID实施成功率低于正常妇女(P<0.05);③每周期施行2次人工授精的成功率高于单次的妇女(P<0.05);④AID实施1个直至5个周期每周期间的成功率无差异(P>0.05);⑤宫颈内和宫腔内人工授精的成功率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:不孕妇女的年龄、输卵管治疗史是影响AID治疗成功率的重要因素,同一周期进行2次宫颈内授精优于单次授精,无输卵管因素妇女的AID治疗在改用供精体外受精-胚胎移植前应至少可实施5个周期。在无宫颈因素的妇女中,同一周期2次宫颈内人工授精较宫腔内人工授精操作更简便,且成功率相似,可作为AID的首选。     

供精人工授精周期妊娠率相关因素及妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨影响供精人工授精周期妊娠率的相关因素及其妊娠结局.方法:对2005年11月至2007年10月在本中心治疗的594对不孕夫妇行1088个供精人工授精(AID)治疗周期.并分析不孕妇女的年龄、授精次数、治疗周期、促排卵等因素对AID治疗妊娠率的影响,并对AID治疗后妊娠结局进行统计分析.结果:①≥36岁组的周期妊娠率18.30%,与≤25岁组(30.37%)、26～30岁组(32.99%)、31～35岁组(27.10%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄组自然流产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但有随年龄增高的趋势.②促排卵组与自然周期组行AID治疗,其周期妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).③双次授精的周期妊娠率(34.34%)高于单次授精(20.05%)(P<0.05).④行AID治疗,不同治疗周期的周期妊娠率之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:供精人工授精周期妊娠率与多种因素有关,其中不孕妇女的年龄是影响AID成功率的重要因素.同一周期行两次人工授精能更有效控制授精时机,有较高周期妊娠率.     

授精时机和次数对夫精宫腔内人工授精临床结局的影响

目的:探讨授精时机和次数对夫精宫腔内人工授精(IUI)妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择在本中心行IUI的195例不孕患者共379个IUI周期,随机分成4组:于h CG注射后24 h行IUI,即排卵前单次授精组(A组,n=93)和排卵后单次授精组(B组,n=102);于h CG注射后48 h再次行IUI,即排卵前、后各行1次IUI的双次授精组(C组,n=84)和均在排卵前行IUI的双次授精组(D组,n=100)。分析精液处理后活动精子总数(processed total motile sperm,PTMS)、授精时机和次数与各组IUI周期妊娠率之间的关系。结果:当PTMS5×106时,仅B组妊娠1例,其余各组未妊娠;当PTMS≥5×106时,各组妊娠率均有显著提高,B组周期妊娠率(32.22%)显著高于A组(14.12%)、C组(20.00%)和D组(17.39%)(P0.05),A组、C组和D组之间周期妊娠率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:PTMS≥5×106是IUI获得理想妊娠率的首要条件,h CG注射后24 h排卵后行单次授精可获得理想周期妊娠率,若此时仍未排卵患者行双次授精亦不能显著提高周期妊娠率。     

肌壁间子宫肌瘤及子宫动脉血流参数对IVF/ICSI-ET患者临床妊娠及围生期结局的影响

目的探讨经阴道三维超声和宫腔镜检查诊断的未改变宫腔形态子宫肌壁间肌瘤助孕患者肌壁间肌瘤及子宫动脉血流参数对体外授精/单精子卵细胞浆内注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)临床妊娠及围生期结局的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究,选取2012年1月至2013年12月在郑州大学第三附属医院生殖医学中心超声及宫腔镜检查显示未改变宫腔形态的单发或多发肌壁间子宫肌瘤180例患者作为研究组;并采用随机数字法抽取180例年龄匹配但未合并子宫肌瘤患者作为对照组。比较两组的一般基线资料、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(h CG)日子宫动脉血流参数、临床妊娠结局及围生期结局等相关指标;采用logistic回归分析影响活产率的相关因素。结果两组h CG日子宫动脉搏动指数(pulsat ile i ndex,PI)、子宫动脉收缩期最高血流速度/舒张期最低血流速度(S/D)、着床率、活产率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),临床妊娠结局及围生期结局等指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=0.849,95%CI:0.796~0.906,P0.001)、有无肌瘤(OR=0.532,95%CI:1.196~5.359,P0.05)、子宫动脉PI、S/D(OR=1.3 46,95%CI:0.205~0.586,P0.001;OR=1.371,95%CI:1.184~1.588;P0.001)、h CG日内膜厚度(OR=1.732,95%CI:0.639~0.839,P0.001)是影响IVF/ICSI助孕患者活产率的独立因素;年龄、子宫动脉S/D、h CG日内膜厚度是影响合并肌壁间肌瘤的IVF/ICSI助孕患者活产率的独立因素(OR=0.876,95%CI:0.790~0.970,P0.05;OR=2.265,95%CI:1.663~3.087,P0.001;OR=1.751,95%CI:0.595~0.947,P0.05)。结论 h CG日子宫动脉血流参数及子宫内膜厚度是影响IVF/ICSI助孕患者活产率的独立因素,肌壁间肌瘤对IVF/ICSI助孕有不利影响。     

轻度子宫内膜异位症患者供精人工授精治疗方案的比较

目的:探讨轻度子宫内膜异位症患者在腹腔镜诊治术后2年内,自然周期和促排卵周期供精人工授精(AID)的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析303周期(168例)无排卵障碍的轻度子宫内膜异位症患者AID情况,比较在腹腔镜诊治术后2年内,自然周期(78例,195周期)与促排卵周期(90例,108周期)AID助孕后的周期妊娠率;同时比较在促排卵周期中,单卵泡排卵与多卵泡排卵的周期妊娠率。结果:在所有研究患者中,妊娠47例,其中自然周期妊娠率为16.9%(33/195),促排卵周期妊娠率为13.0%(14/108),二者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.362)。在促排卵周期中,单卵泡排卵周期妊娠率13.5%(7/52),多卵泡排卵周期妊娠率12.5%(7/56),二者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.882)。结论:对于排卵正常的轻度子宫内膜异位症患者,在助孕方式的选择中,可以优先选择自然周期人工授精。     

现代助孕技术和多胎妊娠

在治疗不育症时,要根据不育原因选择不同的助孕技术。而为了增加妊娠成功率,各种技术都包括药物刺激卵巢,使多个卵泡发育、成熟并排卵。这样也就使多胎的发生率有所增加。现将常用的助孕技术和多胎发生的关系加以讨论。 1助孕技术在我国比较常用的助孕技术有: 1.1人工授精:用丈夫精液(AIH)或用赠精者精液(AID),前者用于丈夫不能正常射精,后者用于无精症。步骤是将液化后的精液在妇女近排卵期时,人工注射到她的阴道及子宫颈管内,技术较简单,有的基层单位也在进行,但很少报道。上海地区1988～1991年进行了1393周期AID共332例,每例平均用4.2周期,每周期授精二次,累积妊娠率每例为43.7％,周     

夫精人工授精过程中的精液质量评估

目的:分析精液中处理前前向运动精子总数(TPMSC)与处理后前向运动精子总数(PTMSC)的相关性。方法:收集426对不孕夫妇共563个IUI周期的临床资料,统计分析TPMSC与正常形态精子百分率、精子浓度、活力、PTMSC的相关性,按照TPMSC不同分成3个区间组:10×106组(A组)、(10~19)×106组(B组)、≥20×106组(C组),比较这3组的前向运动精子(PMS)回收率和周期临床妊娠率。结果:TPMSC与正常形态精子百分率、精子浓度、活力、PTMSC有显著相关性(P0.001);不同TPMSC数量组处理后PMS回收率无统计学差异(P0.05);周期临床妊娠率分别为6.82%、17.59%、16.35%,A组周期妊娠率明显低于B组、C组(P0.05),B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TPMSC是反映精液质量的重要综合参数,是夫精人工授精选择和评估预后的重要参考指标。     

Intracervical versus intrauterine insemination: correlation of outcome with antecedent postcoital testing

Thirty-four infertile women alternated cycles of intracervical insemination (ICI) with whole ejaculate homologous semen (mean, 3.2 cycles/patient) versus intrauterine insemination (IUI) with washed sperm (mean, 3.4 cycles/patient). Twenty of the 34 women had prior postcoital tests consistently demonstrating less than or equal to 3 motile sperm per high-powered field (HPF). Six of those 20 conceived during IUI cycles (30.0%); 0 conceived during ICI cycles (P = 0.06, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test). The pregnancy rate per IUI cycle was 6/72 (8.3%), compared with 0/66 (0.0%) per ICI cycle, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.04, Fisher's exact chi-square test). Fourteen of 34 women had prior postcoital tests consistently demonstrating greater than or equal to 5 motile sperm per HPF. One of the 14 conceived during an IUI cycle (7.1%), and 2 conceived during ICI cycles (14.3%), a difference that was not significant. The pregnancy rate per IUI cycle was 1/42 (2.4%), compared with 2/42 (4.8%) per ICI cycle (not significant). IUI may be helpful in the management of infertility associated with relatively poor postcoital tests (less than or equal to 3 motile sperm per HPF) but not with relatively good postcoital tests (greater than or equal to 5 motile sperm per HPF).     

Influence of pentoxifylline in severe male factor infertility

Two in vitro fertilization sperm preparation protocols using pentoxifylline (long and short exposure before insemination) were studied in 57 couples (61 cycles) with male factor infertility. For each cycle, oocytes were divided into two groups for insemination using either pentoxifylline-treated or control semen. Fertilization rates improved over controls in the short protocol (P less than 0.001) and fewer couples experienced fertilization failure (P = 0.02). Sixteen pregnancies ensued (30% per collection with the short protocol), and 4 were from cases with less than 1.0 X 10(6) progressively motile sperm count per milliliter, 1 being as low as 0.2 X 10(6) progressively motile count per milliliter. Seventeen healthy infants have now delivered and pregnancy wastage is not increased. Pentoxifylline is thus a useful sperm treatment for cases of male factor infertility.     

Comparison of fecundability with fresh and frozen semen in therapeutic donor insemination

A series of 401 therapeutic donor insemination (TDI) cycles was analyzed for determining the effect on fecundability of fresh versus cryopreserved semen, the number of inseminations per cycle, recipient age, and the reproductive health of the TDI recipient. We followed a protocol in which inseminations were performed during the periovulatory period determined by urinary luteinizing hormone surge or ultrasound-timed human chorionic gonadotropin injection. The minimum standard for insemination with fresh or cryopreserved semen was a total of 40 X 10(6) grade 3 sperm. We found no decreased fecundability when using frozen semen, rather than freshly ejaculated specimens. The number of inseminations per cycle did not affect the pregnancy outcome after TDI. The reproductive health of the recipient had a significant effect on the pregnancy rate. Fecundability was 15.6% for healthy women, as compared with 6.7% for women with a diagnosis of moderate, severe, or extensive endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, tubal disease, or ovulatory dysfunction. To avoid transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type III from sperm donor to TDI recipient, we have recently utilized an exclusively frozen TDI program. With well-timed inseminations of 40 X 10(6) grade 3 motile sperm, we have been able to attain pregnancy rates similar to those previously obtained with fresh samples.     

A prospective study of intrauterine insemination of processed sperm from men with oligoasthenospermia in superovulated women

The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) was compared with that of intracervical insemination (ICI) in 49 infertile couples, in whom the major cause for infertility was oligoasthenospermia. All women had ovulation stimulated with either a clomiphene citrate (CC)-human gonadotropin combination or human gonadotropins alone. The ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was given after adequate estradiol levels were reached. The timing of inseminations was standardized--IUI was 28 hours after hCG and ICI was immediately after hCG administration. Only one insemination per month was performed with either IUI or ICI. The first treatment cycle was assigned randomly to be either IUI or ICI, and subsequent inseminations were alternated. A total of 182 cycles were completed, with 96 IUIs and 86 ICIs. Pregnancy occurred in eight patients, seven with IUI (14.3%) and one with ICI (2.0%); the difference is significant at P less than 0.05. The pregnancy rate per treatment cycle was 7.3% versus 1.2% (P less than 0.001). This study supports the use of IUI with processed sperm in the treatment of infertility due to oligoasthenospermia.     

Semen quality before and after processing by a swim-up method: relationship to outcome of intrauterine insemination

Twenty-five couples with normal semen analyses and postcoital tests of less than or equal to 3 motile sperm/high-power field were treated by intrauterine insemination (IUI) with sperm prepared by a swim-up method. Eight women conceived (32%). Influence of semen parameters both before and after swim-up, patient age, and duration of infertility on outcome of IUI was assessed with logistic discriminant analysis. The percent motility of sperm after swim-up allowed significant differentiation of pregnant and nonpregnant patients (P = 0.0009). For patients with greater than 79% motility after swim-up, discrimination provided by post-swim-up motility (P = 0.0063) was enhanced by inclusion in the analysis of either total number of motile sperm used for insemination (P = 0.0021) or sperm concentration after swim-up (P = 0.0019), Predictions of nonpregnancy and pregnancy were correct at rates of 93.3 and 70%, respectively. There were no significant differences between semen parameters of conception and nonconception cycles of patients who conceived.     

Optimization of artificial inseminations with donor semen: a four-year experience

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyse the results of a donor insemination program using ovarian stimulation, swim-up sperm preparation and intrauterine insemination proposed to women with a maximum age of 39. Incidence of several clinical and biological parameters on success rates was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the results of 249 cycles performed in 106 couples during a four-year period is reported. RESULTS: Overall pregnancy rate of 28.1% and delivery rate of 22% per cycle were achieved, with a multiple pregnancy rate of 11.4%. Most of the pregnancies (84%) were obtained before the fourth insemination. Among the different parameters studied the total number of motile sperm inseminated was found to be the most important factor for success rate: pregnancy rate per cycle reached 40.4% if more than 1.5 million progressive sperm were inseminated vs. 24.7% if they were less than 1.5 million (P<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In precise conditions, outcome of inseminations with donor semen can reach satisfying pregnancy rates, being a valuable help for couples suffering of long-time infertility.     

Analysis of factors influencing pregnancy rates in homologous intrauterine insemination

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of pregnancy rate (PR) among women undergoing homologous IUI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of IUI cycles carried out from January 2000 to September 2002. SETTING: Private infertility center in Alicante, Spain. PATIENT(S): Four hundred seventy women undergoing 1,010 cycles of IUI. INTERVENTION(S): Single IUI with ovarian stimulation using hMG. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Preovulatory follicles (>15 mm), motile spermatozoa count, type and duration of infertility, female age, insemination timing, and cycle number. RESULT(S): Overall PR per cycle and multiple pregnancy and miscarriage rates were 9.2%, 8.6%, and 11.8%, respectively. Three significant predictors of pregnancy were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis: preovulatory follicles, spermatozoa count, and infertility duration. Interuterine insemination with three follicles almost tripled the PR with respect to only one, odds ratio (OR) = 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-5.41). Compared with insemination with a motile sperm count >30 x, 20.1-30, 10.1-20, 5.1-10, and < or =5 x10(6), insemination progressively decreased the PR, from 15.3% in the highest category to 3.6% in the lowest (OR lowest/highest = 0.20 [95% CI: 0.09-0.45]), with a statistically significant dose-response trend. Infertility duration > or =3 years was marginally associated with a lower PR, OR = 0.65 (95% CI, 0.40-1.04). Overall, female age was not a significant predictor of pregnancy, and although PR slightly decreased beyond two IUI cycles and when a single IUI was performed 36-40 hours after hCG administration, results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION(S): Homologous IUI achieves the best results with two or three induced follicles, a high motile spermatozoa count, and infertility duration <3 years, irrespective of female age and fertility history.