HL—1M装置8发弹丸发射系统的研制及特性

用于ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置的８发弹丸发射系统已研制成功。经全面的工程调试后系统已在ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置上进行了国内核聚变研究中首次多发固体氢丸加料。本系统能制造和发射尺寸为φ１．０ｍｍ×Ｌ１．０～１．３ｍｍ和φ１．４ｍｍ×Ｌ１．４～１．８ｍｍ氢、氘弹丸各４发，推进剂压力４～６ＭＰａ时丸速为７００～１２００ｍ／ｓ，冻丸周期２～３ｍｉｎ，８发弹丸可按事先设定程序自动生成和发射。其成功率和重复性优于９０％。     

HL—2A装置先进的加料系统

介绍用于ＨＬ－２Ａ托卡马克装置先进的加料系统研制的立项依据。提出了以螺旋挤压制丸器、快速重复冲切机构与快速电磁间结合的连续弹丸发射系统为首选,以原位冷凝３０管枪弹丸发射系统为备用的研制方案。发射系统既能从装置外部弱场侧（ＬＦＳ）注入,又可以从装置内部强场侧（ＨＦＳ）注入。对研制过程中可能出现的问题和技术难点进行了简要的介绍。     

HT—6M和HT—7托卡马克的多发靶丸注入试验研究

最大发射能力为８ 发的多发 “原位” 靶丸注入装置已在中科院等离子体所建成。在 Ｈ Ｔ－ ７ ,中国第一座超导托卡马克和 Ｈ Ｔ－ ６ Ｍ 上进行了单发及多发试验。其差分单元及控制单元稳定可靠, 试验中测量了靶丸的尺寸和速度, 观察到显著而典型的物理现象, 实现了深度加料。加料效果显著,在单发靶丸注入时中心弦平均密度增长约５０ ％ ,双发注入时约１００ ％ 。实验中也观察到了明显的电子温度中空分布。文章介绍了系统的结构及操作,给出了实验现象及初步的物理分析结果。     

863计划聚变－裂变混合堆专题研究取得重大进展

８６３计划聚变－裂变混合堆专题研究取得重大进展多发弹丸固体加料注入技术实验研究是国家八六三计划能源领域聚变一裂变混合堆专题的研究课题之一，研究目标是在“七五”研制成功单发弹丸注入系统并实现单发弹丸注入的基础上，研制成功多发弹丸注入系统并完成多发弹丸注...     

HT－7托卡马克的八管弹丸注入器

介绍了用于ＨＴ－７托卡马克的的八管弹丸注入器的物理、工程设计原理和结构特点及配置的各种诊断手段。注入器采用气动发射技术，弹丸为１ｍｍ×１ｍｍ，１．２ｍｍ×１．２ｍｍ，１．５ｍｍ×ｌ．５ｍｍ圆柱体氢丸，丸速０．８～１．５ｋｍ／ｓ工作频率１～８Ｈｚ。     

低温技术在受控核聚变实验中的应用

在中国环流器一号（ＨＬ－１）等离子体物理实验中，增加了弹丸注入和电子回旋共振加热系统。对低温技术在其中的应用情况，液氦输送系统，输液方法及氦气回收系统做了介绍。在一次等离子体物理实验中，总共使用液氦２７３３Ｌ。在弹丸注入系统中，使装置的等离子体密度提高了１～２倍。在装置上成功地实现了电子回旋共振加热，使等离子体电子温度增加３０％以上。     

HL-1M等离子体加料密度特性

主要介绍ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置三种加料方式所得的密度的特性结果。用弹丸注入（ＰＩ）、超声分子束注入（ＳＭＢＩ）和常规脉冲送气（ＧＰ）获得等离子体电子密度Ｎｅ分别为５．３＊１０＾１９ｍ＾－３,８＊１０＾１９ｍ＾－３和７＊１０＾１９ｍ＾－３。前者获得的能量约束时间τｅ却比后者高３０％以上。比较了不同再循环条件下各种加料实验的结果,由密度演变、Ｈ信号和软射线（ＳＸ）信号的时空变化显示三种加料方式粒子沉积     

HL—1M装置第一壁的硅化和锂涂复

分别用１０％ＳｉＨ４＋９０％Ｈｅ辉光放电和真空室原位蒸锂并借助Ｈｅ辉光放电的等离子体气相沉积法对Ｈ－１Ｍ装置的内壁进行了硅化和锂涂复，进一步降低了装置硼化后的杂质和辐射功率损失，对氢有强轴气效应和低再循环特性，为多发弹丸注入，低混杂波电流驱动等物理实验取得重大成果提供了重要条件。     

弹丸注入中的丸料气和推进剂系统

本文介绍了“原位冷凝”式弹丸注入器先行实验及中国环流器一号ＨＬ－１弹丸加料实验中采用的丸料气和推进剂系统；提出了系统的建立，特点及实验中的动作程序，并给出了实验结果。     

OH^—和氧离子杂质在BaF2晶体辐照损伤的影响

从理论和实验两方面研究ＯＨ＾－和氧离子杂质为ＢａＦ２晶体辐照损伤的影响，并对其机理进行讨论，理论上用ＨＦＳ－ＤＶＭ－Ｘα）局域密度离散变分法计算ＯＨ＾－和氧离子杂质心在ＢａＦ２中的电子结构，得到ＯＨ＾－，Ｈｓ＾－（Ｕ心），Ｏｓ＾－，Ｏｓ＾２－和（Ｏｓ＾２－－Ｆ＾＋）都可能是引起辐照损伤的源泉。实验发现，ＢａＦ２晶体水解处理后，ＯＨ＾－和氧离子杂质很容易进入ＢａＦ２，在晶体中的存在形式主要是：ＯＨ＾     

Electrical conduction and gas sensing characteristics of 15Fe2O3-5ZnO-80TeO2

The dc conductivity of 15Fe₂O₃-5ZnO-80TeO₂ glass system (mol%) has been measured from room temperature to 180 °C. Ceramic pellet of this glass was investigated for its use as a possible inexpensive oxygen gas sensor. The ceramic sample responded quickly to oxygen environment and the gas sensitivity was found to be ∼ 10.5. The possible mechanism for oxygen sensing may be attributed to the surface adsorption of gas followed by bulk diffusion.     

一种提高低温流体比体积计算精度的方法

采用了一个既能提高立方型状态方程比体积计算精度，又不影响气液平衡条件的简单摩尔修正项来改进PR方程比体积的计算。本文对19种低温流体给出其修正项的值，计算饱和蒸气和液体比体积，并与未修正的PR方程的计算值比较，结果表明这种修正能显著提高低温流体（包括量子流体氢、氦和强极性的氨气）饱和液体比体积的计算精度，并对蒸气比体积的计算也略有改进。     

A sustainable approach to the recycling of rice straw through pelletization and controlled burning

A technique for controlled burning of rice straw is presented. It relies on well-designed rice straw pellets to be burned in fluidized bed. The developed pellets have high burning rate, no fly ashes emissions and minimum bed fouling. The pellets are manufactured from ground rice straw in a disc pelletizer with the aid of bonding and suitable additive materials. The pellets are tested under controlled conditions in a test rig, which represents a single pellet fluidized bed. It is equipped with a nitrogen gun to eject the pellet and freeze the reaction at any predetermined time during combustion. The ejected pellets are weighed as well as elementary analyzed for both carbon and hydrogen, to calculate the burning rate as well as the combustion efficiency, respectively. The effect of several parameters has been evaluated including straw particle size, pellet size, type and concentration of bonding material as well as anti-sintering additives. Also, the pellets’ mechanical characteristics have been evaluated. It has been found that char combustion phase represents the controlling phase of the pellet combustion. The burning rate is higher as the void fraction of the pellet is higher. Starch showed better combustion and mechanical characteristics out of the five tested bonding materials. Adding kaolin to the pellets results in improving the sintering characteristics of the pellets. The experimental results were compared with two combustion models: the oxygen diffusion controlled and the kinetic-diffusion models. It has been found that oxygen diffusion controlled model more accurately simulates the combustion of the pellet during its char combustion phase. The model has been used to evaluate the effect of some operational parameters on the pellet combustion characteristics such as bed temperature, gas flow and oxygen concentration.     

川东北复杂压力体系气井固井技术

川东北地区普光、河坝、元坝等区块的海相天然气藏勘探取得了重大突破,该地区目的层埋藏深,地层压力和温度高,H2S和CO2含量高,属"三高"气田。陆相和海相地层有多套压力系统,长封固段和小间隙是固井工艺面临的主要挑战,H2S和CO2对气井长期安全造成威胁。2006年以前川东北探井的技术套管和生产套管固井的一次合格率仅为80%和72%。通过研究应用胶乳防腐防气窜水泥浆体系,紧密堆积高密度防气窜水泥浆体系,正注反挤工艺和分段压稳模型设计环空液柱结构等体系和工艺技术,固井质量较2006年前有大幅度提高。普光气田固井质量合格率100%,优良率达到90%,为普光气田顺利投产供气提供了保障。     

Carbon-thermal reduction and nitridation of mixtures of SiO2 and Al2O3 · 2H2O

Sialon powders have been prepared by heating mixtures of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ 2H₂O and carbon in flowing nitrogen at 1470° C. The nitrogen content in the product powder increased with increasing added carbon, and was independent of both the flow rate of nitrogen gas and the surface area of pellet. The amount of SiO lost increased with an increase in the flow rate of nitrogen gas and surface area of the pellet and with a decrease in the amount of added carbon. A major part of the SiO evolved by the carbon reduction was trapped by carbon then consumed by carbon reduction and nitridation to form the sialon powder. The rest of the SiO was carried out of the system by the nitrogen gas. The amount of SiO lost and the nitrogen content can be estimated using the residual carbon content.     

Liquid-filled pellet phenomenology

Hypervelocity penetration of liquid and liquid-filled spherical pellets into a multilayered target has been investigated with the HULL hydrocode. The objective of this analysis was to determine how the fill material is spatially distributed during penetration and to minimize the total pellet mass required for penetration of the fill material through the target. Results from the hydrocode calculations are presented and pellet design optimization is discussed.     

连续式高速风洞液氮降温供配气系统设计与实现

研制低温高雷诺数风洞对我国国防工业的发展具有重要战略意义和工程应用价值。通过喷注液氮的方式,建成了国内第一套适用于连续式高速风洞的降温系统。介绍了NF-6连续式高速风洞降温系统的总体方案和主要技术指标,重点论述了其中供配气系统结构和技术原理,并给出了运行调试结果。测试结果表明:NF-6风洞降温系统的液氮需求量计算方法正确,液氮存储装置工作稳定,液氮存储量和驱动气源的能力满足降温实验要求;配气系统设计合理,预增压装置工作稳定,喷前压和挤推压控制平稳;供配气系统与整体降温系统匹配良好,总温、总压、马赫数及运行时间等关键指标达到设计要求,风洞实验雷诺数提高近50%。     

液膜法去除废水中的氨氮污染

研究了用乳状液膜法去除废水中的氨氮污染．选择了液膜体系，考察了各种因素对氨氮去除率的影响．结果表明，由表面活性剂、民用煤油及膜增强剂组成的膜相，稀硫酸的质量分数１０％的内相组成的液膜体系，当乳水比ＲｅＷ＝１∶１０、接触时间为８分钟时，可使氨氮含量在１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上的废水，一级去除率达９７％以上，处理后的废水符合排放标准     

An experimental study of hydrogen solubility in liquid aluminium

Hydrogen solubility in molten aluminium at different temperatures from 973–1123 K, has been measured using Sieverts' method. Inert gas (helium or argon) was used as a reference gas to calibrate the measurement system of the Sieverts' apparatus. The measured hydrogen solubility was found to vary with the reference gases. Helium was detected to be soluble in liquid aluminium. When helium is used as the reference gas, its solubility resulted in lower measured hydrogen solubility than that when argon was used to calibrate the measurement system of the apparatus. Argon gas was therefore considered as an appropriate reference gas when Sieverts' method is used to measure the hydrogen solubility in liquid aluminium. The hydrogen solubility, S, in liquid aluminium as a function of melt temperature, T, determined in the present investigation is expressed as log S = (−2980/T) + 3.07.