A rational analysis of intact stability hazards involving small inland passenger ferries in Bangladesh

The safety of inland passenger vessels operating in Bangladesh has been investigated. By thorough analysis of past accident data, the main causes of intact stability failures have been determined: adverse weather conditions and overloading, likely resulting in crowding to one side. Historical series of wind data were gathered and their analysis suggests that an increase in the wind speed presently used in the Weather Criterion in force in Bangladesh could be advisable. A model of a small passenger ship typically operated in Bangladesh has been analyzed in order to identify the most relevant hazards under intact ship conditions. A strongly jeopardizing effect of overloading under intact ship conditions has been detected when analyzing the hazard from the crowding of people to one side.     

关于山区水域船舶风灾事故的防范

山区水域气候多变且易发突风，对内河小型船舶安全构成严重的威胁。笔者通过对几起船舶风灾事故成因进行分析，就如何提高船舶抗突风能力，增加船舶倾覆不沉能力提出了见解。     

海岸工程设计波要素推算方法探讨——以如东人工岛设计波要素推算为例

以如东人工岛设计波要素推算为例,分别利用历史台风天气图推算法和设计风速推算法推求不同重现期设计波要素并进行对比分析。结果表明,两种方法各有优劣,但历史台风天气图推算法的计算精度比设计风速推算法的精度差,为了安全起见,建议采用设计风速推算法。     

海上风机在三种风载荷作用下的疲劳分析方法研究

文章提出一种基于等效疲劳载荷的快速有效的结构优化设计方法,首先通过bladed模拟得到时域下的风载荷,然后通过雨流计数法则和等效损伤理论得到相应的疲劳载荷谱和等效疲劳载荷,接着以导管架式海上风机为例,利用AN-SYS对其进行三维建模,选取三种典型管节点和两种非管节点,基于热点应力法计算了其在三种风疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳损伤,通过比较三种载荷作用下的疲劳损伤结果,验证了等效疲劳载荷的可靠性.接着又计算了各等效疲劳载荷分量单独作用下的海上风机焊接节点的疲劳损伤,得出各疲劳载荷分量对疲劳总损伤的贡献,可以为设计者提供更好的载荷设计依据.相比于传统的时域疲劳分析方法和疲劳载荷谱方法,等效疲劳载荷方法更加方便有效.     

气卸式水泥运输船储罐结构疲劳强度分析

以内河典型水泥运输船为例,应用有限元法计算水泥储罐所受应力,找出结构危险点,进而分别运用S-N曲线法、经典断裂力学方法、有限元法对储罐的疲劳寿命进行评估,分析结果对了解储罐疲劳寿命及改进该型船舶的设计提供有益参考.     

BIM技术在内河航道设计中的应用

鉴于BIM技术在航道建设中的优势,将Autodesk系列BIM软件引入内河航道的设计工作中,利用Civil 3D、Subassembly Composer(部件编辑器)、Infraworks设计软件实现内河航道疏浚工程和护岸工程的参数化设计和可视化展示,并进行横断面定制、标签定制、模板文件定制等二次开发,提出适用于内河航道工程三维正向设计和可视化演示的技术方法。     

Semi-submersible wind turbine hull shape design for a favorable system response behavior

Floating offshore wind turbines are a novel technology, which has reached, with the first wind farm in operation, an advanced state of development. The question of how floating wind systems can be optimized to operate smoothly in harsh wind and wave conditions is the subject of the present work. An integrated optimization was conducted, where the hull shape of a semi-submersible, as well as the wind turbine controller were varied with the goal of finding a cost-efficient design, which does not respond to wind and wave excitations, resulting in small structural fatigue and extreme loads.The optimum design was found to have a remarkably low tower-base fatigue load response and small rotor fore-aft amplitudes. Further investigations showed that the reason for the good dynamic behavior is a particularly favorable response to first-order wave loads: The floating wind turbine rotates in pitch-direction about a point close to the rotor hub and the rotor fore-aft motion is almost unaffected by the wave excitation. As a result, the power production and the blade loads are not influenced by the waves. A comparable effect was so far known for Tension Leg Platforms but not for semi-submersible wind turbines. The methodology builds on a low-order simulation model, coupled to a parametric panel code model, a detailed viscous drag model and an individually tuned blade pitch controller. The results are confirmed by the higher-fidelity model FAST. A new indicator to express the optimal behavior through a single design criterion has been developed.     

三体船型PCC风荷载的实验性研究(英文)

In recent years, demands for car transportation by a ship have been increasing with favorable economic conditions in auto sector, and the need of a pure car carrier (PCC) has grown quickly. A PCC needs huge parking space but smaller displacement since a car is comparatively light for its volume. As a result, almost all PCCs have wide breadth, shallow draft and huge structure above the water surface. These features cause some technical issues of a PCC, like lack of stability, effect of strong winds on its resistance, difficulty of course keeping in rough seas, difficulty of berthing in strong winds, and so on. To overcome these technical issues, one of the authors has proposed a new concept for a PCC. This is a trimaran PCC which has very limited transverse bulkheads in the center hull by using two side hulls as fenders. In the present research, wind forces acting on a scale model of the trimaran PCC were measured in the towing tank with a wind generator at Osaka Prefecture University. Furthermore, in order to clarify the characteristics of wind pressure on the trimaran, height and width of tunnels which are between a main hull and side hulls were changed. And then, in order to imitate a real ship, we used wind reduction technology of corner-cut design for accommodation house of the ship. Moreover, the wind pressure acting on the trimaran was compared with that on a mono-hull PCC. Using these experimental and theoretical results, an estimation method of wind pressure acting on the trimaran PCC is deduced.     

上风向与下风向风机气动力性能数值计算分析（英文）

Although the upwind configuration is more popular in the field of wind energy, the downwind one is a promising type for the offshore wind energy due to its special advantages. Different configurations have different aerodynamic performance and it is important to predict the performance of both downwind and upwind configurations accurately for designing and developing more reliable wind turbines. In this paper, a numerical investigation on the aerodynamic performance of National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) phase VI wind turbine in downwind and upwind configurations is presented. The open source toolbox Open FOAM coupled with arbitrary mesh interface(AMI) method is applied to tackle rotating problems of wind turbines. Two 3D numerical models of NREL phase VI wind turbine with downwind and upwind configurations under four typical working conditions of incoming wind velocities are set up for the study of different unsteady characteristics of the downwind and upwind configurations, respectively. Numerical results of wake vortex structure, time histories of thrust, pressure distribution on the blade and limiting streamlines which can be used to identify points of separation in a 3D flow are presented. It can be concluded that thrust reduction due to blade-tower interaction is small for upwind wind turbines but relatively large for downwind wind turbines and attention should be paid to the vibration at a certain frequency induced by the cyclic reduction for both configurations. The results and conclusions are helpful to analyze the different aerodynamic performance of wind turbines between downwind and upwind configurations, providing useful references for practical design of wind turbine.     

基于船舶模拟器的航道航迹带宽度计算方法

航迹带宽度是航道规划、设计的重要参数,一直是航道宽度计算的难点。针对现行规范航迹带宽度计算系数取值困难的问题,基于船舶操纵模拟器,通过采集模拟试验仿真数据,采用将船舶航迹带宽度分为航线偏移量和船舶本身占用空间来直接计算航迹带宽度的方法。结合台州湾大桥区航道,仿真计算了典型风、流工况的航迹带宽度,仿真结果与现行规范计算结果基本一致。表明该方法可行,且具有很好的实用价值。     

一种内河船舶综合安全监管平台的实现

针对目前我国内河船舶安全监管的现状,设计与实现了一种内河船舶综合安全监管平台。描述平台的系统构成、系统逻辑架构、业务体系架构和关键功能模块,并给出平台测试结果。测试表明:该平台满足功能与性能设计需求,能够长时间稳定工作。该平台对于预防内河航运事故发生、加强事故搜救以及减少人民生命财产损失、确保社会稳定、促进环境友好型内河经济发展,都具有重大意义。     

上海内河跨航道桥梁防撞设施分析

针对上海内河跨航道桥梁水上防撞设施,对桥梁防撞体系、船撞力计算方法进行论述,结合内河跨航道桥梁自身特点和最新防撞理念,对适合内河跨航道桥梁的防撞方案和设施进行分析。结果表明:适合上海内河跨航道桥梁水上防撞的防撞设施主要有固定或浮式防撞装置和桩基防撞墩两种类型,若这两种类型防撞设施不具有施工条件,一般采用小规格缓冲材料对桥墩进行防护;对于与黄浦江直接连通的支流桥梁,除小规格缓冲材料,一般采用防护桩。     

Improvement in capacity factor and fatigue assessment of VLMOS for wind power generation based on navigation simulation

The very large mobile offshore structure (VLMOS) for wind power generation is one example of challenging future technologies to create a new backbone of energy resource of our country. The National Institute for Environmental Studies Japan has been studying this concept and found that increasing the capacity factor and reducing the weight of the structure are keys to make this concept successful. We investigated the navigation logic to improve the capacity factor and performed a fatigue assessment to ensure the structural safety of light weight design. Taking the knowledge on the seasonal weather condition in the Pacific Ocean into consideration, improved strategy of the VLMOS navigation for maximizing the generating power is proposed. Navigation simulations show that it is easy to achieve more than 40% capacity factor and to escape from high seas. Using wind and wave data obtained from the navigation simulations, an assessment of the fatigue damage has been performed. It is stated that the structure has enough fatigue strength for a 100 years of operation even if wind turbines get more than 40% of the capacity factor.     

Active heave compensation of floating wind turbine installation using a catamaran construction vessel

The application of floating wind turbines is limited by the high cost that increases with the water depth. Offshore installation and maintenance continue to consume a high percentage of the project budget. To improve the installation efficiency of the floating offshore wind turbine, a novel concept is proposed by the SFI MOVE project. Several wind turbine superstructure components are preassembled onshore and carried to the installation site by a catamaran construction vessel. Each assembly can then be installed using only one lift, and the concept is less sensitive to weather conditions. In this paper, a control algorithm of the proposed hydraulic active heave compensator system is developed using singular perturbation theory to cancel the relative motion between the spar top and gripped preassembly bottom. Closed-loop stability is proven, and the simulation results show that the installation efficiency is improved with an increase in the acceptable weather conditions.     

船舶在风浪中航行时保向问题的探讨

本文在建立船舶在风浪中的低频操纵运动方程式的基础上，探讨了船舶在风浪中的舵力保向问题。从工程实用的角度，提出了一个船舶在风浪中航行时保向舵角的近似计算公式。以“育英轮”为例，进行了计算。从保向的角度，提出了船舶在大风浪中航行时，提高抗风浪能力方法和安全航行的措施，并可望对实际工作有一点指导意义。     

上海内河船行波研究

船行波的大小直接影响到护岸设计的可靠性、经济性及环保性,国内外科研机构曾系统地开展船行波的研究,然而基于上海内河航道复合型断面形态、固定边界水域和有限水深等特点,已有的研究理论与公式并不完全适应。通过大量现场实船观测、数模和统计分析,研究和探讨对护岸防护更有现实意义的近岸侧船行波的波峰值、波谷值和护岸基础防护深度的计算公式,为上海内河航道甚至长三角限制性航道护岸设计提供技术参考。     

基于广义预测控制的船舶动力定位约束控制

鉴于广义预测控制(GPC)方法能用同一方式处理设备和安全约束,且具有较强的抗扰动能力,提出了一种基于GPC的船舶动力定位约束控制器设计方法。运用前馈控制器克服风力扰动的影响,且所产生的前馈量被用来实时修正推力约束,在修正后的推力约束下滚动优化GPC。对承受风、浪、流扰动的某供应船,采用提出的方法设计控制器,并进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器抗扰动能力较强,能完成对船舶的动力定位约束控制。     

历史台风天气图法推算海岸工程设计波要素*

对于海岸工程设计波要素可以应用多种方法进行推算,最理想的还是要依据所能取得的资料来选择合适的方法。采用历史台风天气图法推算海岸工程设计波要素,以如东人工岛设计波要素推算为例,利用该方法推求不同重现期设计波要素。结果表明,在缺少长期实测风数据的情况下,选择历史台风天气图推算法能推算工程区设计波要素,从而为工程提供设计依据。     

天然河流航道整治定级的理论计算方法

在编制航道发展规划时,首先应从自然条件角度论证航道资源的开发潜能,然后再根据社会经济不同发展时期的需要制定出各时期的航道建设方案。基于上述理念,文中以水力学、河流动力学等学科为理论基础,提出了一种天然河流航道整治定级的理论计算方法,能够反映天然河流经航道整治后可能达到的航道标准。经西江桂梧段航道基本资料的实例演算,表明该研究思路和方法合理可行,能使航道整治定级工作更趋科学合理。     

冰区海上风电基础的抗冰性能分析

海上风电基础属于典型的柔性结构。由于冰与柔性抗冰结构相互作用的复杂性,长期以来尚未形成基于动冰力响应分析的结构设计。结构抗冰设计中大都是从极端荷载出发,只考虑最大静冰力或最大倾覆力矩。基于对渤海辽东湾柔性抗冰结构的多年监测,发现强烈的冰激振动引起柔性结构的风险性要远大于极端静冰荷载下结构的整体安全问题。为了明确冰区风电基础结构的抗冰性能及抗冰设计的合理性,文章结合基于多年现场冰与结构作用观测及冰荷载的研究成果,明确该类柔性结构与海冰作用形式及其动力特性;提出了柔性抗冰结构设计中应考虑的主要失效模式及评价方法。最后,以渤海某典型风电基础为例,对其抗冰性能进行评价。该文的研究可为寒区风电基础的抗冰设计及安全保障提供合理依据。