Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/Al joints brazed using (Cu,Ni, Zr,Er)-modified Al—Si filler alloys

To design a promising Al—Si filler alloy with a relatively low melting-point, good strength and plasticity for the Cu/Al joint, the Cu, Ni, Zr and Er elements were innovatively added to modify the traditional Al—Si eutectic filler. The microstructure and mechanical properties of filler alloys and Cu/Al joints were investigated. The result indicated that the Al—Si—Ni—Cu filler alloys mainly consisted of Al(s,s), Al₂(Cu,Ni) and Si(s,s). The Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu filler alloy exhibited relatively low solidus (521 °C) and liquidus (577 °C) temperature, good tensile strength (305.8 MPa) and fracture elongation (8.5%). The corresponding Cu/Al joint brazed using Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu filler was mainly composed of Al₈(Mn,Fe)₂Si, Al₂(Cu,Ni)₃, Al(Cu,Ni), Al₂(Cu,Ni) and Al(s,s), yielding a shear strength of (90.3±10.7) MPa. The joint strength was further improved to (94.6±2.5) MPa when the joint was brazed using the Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu—0.2Er—0.2Zr filler alloy. Consequently, the (Cu, Ni, Zr, Er)-modified Al—Si filler alloy was suitable for obtaining high-quality Cu/Al brazed joints.     

铝基钎料真空钎焊接头的腐蚀性

采用NaCl的质量分数为3．5％的溶液对四种Al-Si-Cu钎料的真空钎焊接头进行全浸试验，对腐蚀后的钎焊接头进行观察，分析接头的腐蚀类型，研究接头的腐蚀机理，对Cu的晶界偏析及扩散进行了讨论。结果表明，铝基钎料真空钎焊后的接头仍然存在腐蚀问题，腐蚀产物为A1Cl3、Al(OH)3、Al(OH)2Cl，腐蚀类型有点蚀和晶间腐蚀；并且随着Cu含量的增加腐蚀加重，Cu的偏析与扩散对接头腐蚀行为产生重要的影响，在晶界形成他Cu，使晶界周围形成贫Cu区，与晶粒内部处于钝态的αAl存在较大电位差，构成局部腐蚀电池，形成晶间腐蚀。     

TiC增强Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金钎焊接头工艺分析

采用Ag-Cu-Ti-（Ti＋C）混合粉末作钎料,在适当的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金,利用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头力学性能.结果表明,钎焊后钎料中的钛与Cf/SiC复合材料发生反应,接头中主要包括TiC,Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3,Ag,TiCu,Ti3Cu4和Ti2Cu等反应产物,形成石墨与钛原位合成TiC强化的致密复合连接层.TiC的形成缓解了接头的残余热应力,并且提高了接头的高温性能.接头室温、500℃和800℃高温抗剪强度分别达到145,70,39 MPa,明显高于Cf/SiC/Ag-Cu-Ti/TC4钎焊接头.     

氧化铝基复合陶瓷-金属钎焊界面的热应力

用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料钎焊SiCw／Al2O3复合陶瓷和金属时，陶瓷与钎料发生化学反应，在陶瓷表面形成由TiO、TiC等物相组成的反应层。采用有限元法，对SiCw／Al2O3复合陶瓷／反应层界面的热应力进行了计算。结果表明，复合陶瓷／反应层界面的残余应力变化急剧，最大拉应力位于晶须、基体和反应层交界处；晶须内部及其表面存在较高的双向压应力，Al2O3基体主要承受垂直于界面的拉应力；SiC晶须／反应层界面及其附近的反应产物TiC内具有较高的平行于界面的拉应力，当连接界面承受剪力作用时，SiC晶须／反应层界面和TiC处极易破坏。借助TEM和SEM观察了复合陶瓷／反应层界面区的精细结构和剪切断口形貌，并利用计算结果对观察到的现象进行了分析。     

3003铝合金中温钎焊接头力学性能与显微组织

采用不同Al元素含量的中温Zn-Al钎料钎焊3003铝合金,研究了钎焊接头的力学性能及显微组织.结果表明,使用改进的CsF-AlF3钎剂,Zn-Al钎料在3003铝合金上具有良好的铺展性能.随着Al元素含量的增加,钎料在3003铝合金上的铺展性能明显改善,当Al元素含量为15%(质量分数)时铺展面积达到最大.且钎焊接头...     

Zn-Al钎料钎焊Cu/Al接头组织和性能(英文)

使用不同成分的Zn-Al钎料对铜铝异种金属进行火焰钎焊,研究其力学性能。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱研究不同Zn-Al钎料对Cu/Al钎焊接头钎焊性、力学性能及显微组织的影响。结果表明:随着Al含量的增加,Zn-Al钎料在Cu和Al上的铺展面积逐渐增大。当钎料中Al含量为15%时,Cu/Al接头的抗剪强度达到最大值88MPa;随着组织的变化,钎缝硬度值呈现HV122到HV515不等的分布。另外,钎缝组织的成分主要为富Zn相和富Al相,但是当钎料中Al含量为2%和15%以上时,靠近Cu侧的界面处会分别形成CuZn3和Al2Cu两种完全不同的金属间化合物。研究Zn-Al钎料中铝含量对Cu/Al接头界面化合物类型的影响。     

Interfacial reaction product and mechanical properties of the electron beam brazed K465 Ni-based superalloy joints

Ni-based superalloy K465 is brazed with BNi-2 filler metal by vacuum electron beam brazing (VEBB). In process of VEBB, effects of processing primary parameters on shear strength of joints are investigated. Microstructure of the brazed joint with BNi-2 filler metal is studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the structure of brazed seam consists of a large amount of Ni-based γ solid solution, Ni3Al (γ′), Ni3B, WB, CrB, and a small quantity of WC, NbC. The maximum shear strength of the joint is 398 MPa when the beam current of welding is 2.6 mA, heating time is 480 s and focused current is 1 800 mA.     

化学镀锡钎料钎焊黄铜的接头组织和力学性能

采用化学镀方法在BAg45CuZn钎料表面镀覆微米锡层,并用镀锡银钎料以火焰钎焊工艺连接H62黄铜。借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析锡化学镀层、H62黄铜钎焊接头的显微组织和物相,并利用万能拉伸机和SEM表征钎焊接头的抗拉强度和断口形貌。结果表明,锡化学镀层结晶晶粒呈现明显的(110)、(210)择优取向,化学镀锡银钎料连接的接头中母材与钎缝结合紧密,接头组织中富Cu相减少,出现Cu_5Zn_8化合物相。随着基体钎料表面镀锡含量升高,钎焊接头的抗拉强度呈现先升高后降低趋势。在化学镀锡含量为6.0%(质量分数)时,钎焊接头的抗拉强度为353MPa。镀锡前后钎焊接头的拉伸断口均呈现韧性断裂。     

DD3高温合金与Ti3AlC2陶瓷的真空钎焊

通过对比试验优选出了合适钎料,并进行了后续钎焊试验.在钎焊温度800~900℃,保温时间为10 min的条件下,采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料实现了DD3镍基高温合金与Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷的真空钎焊连接.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、XRD等对接头的界面结构进行了分析.结果表明,接头的典型界面结构为DD3/AlNi/Al₃(Ni,Cu)₅+Al(Ni,Cu)+Ag_ss/(Al,Ti)₃(Ni,Cu)₅/Al₄Cu₉+AlNi₂Ti+Ag_ss/TiAg/Ti₃AlC₂.接头的力学性能测试表明,在钎焊温度为850℃,保温时间为10 min的条件下,接头的最高抗剪强度可达135.9 MPa,断裂发生在靠近钎缝的Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷侧.降低和提高钎焊温度对接头界面组织影响不大,但接头强度有一定程度下降.     

氩气保护下炉中钎焊铝基复合材料的可行性

研究了Al2O3p／6061Al复合材料在氩气保护下炉中钎焊的可行性。研究表明，采用合理的钎料和钎剂组合(HL401 QJ201)以及正确的钎焊工艺参数可获得质量良好的钎焊接头。通过对接头的剪切强度和显微硬度试验以及对接头的金相观察、X射线衍射相结构和断口扫描电镜观察等微观组织结构分析，从理论上探讨钎焊接头形成过程的机理，为如何获得高质量的钎焊接头提供理论参考。     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of TiB2 cermet to TiAl-based alloys

In this study, TiB2 cermet and TiAl-based alloy are vacuum brazed successfully by using Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal.The microstructural analyses indicate that two reaction products, Ti ( Cu, Al ) 2 and Ag bused solid solution ( Ag ( s. s ) ) , are present in the brazing seam, and the iuterface structure of the brazed joint is TiB2/TiB2 Ag ( s. s ) /Ag ( s. s ) Ti ( Cu,Al)2/Ti( Cu, Al)2/TiAl. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the brazed TiB2/TiAl joints decreases us thebrazing time increases at a definite brazing temperature. When the joint is brazed at 1 223 K for 5 min, a joint strength up to 173 MPa is achieved.     

Brazing of doped graphite to Cu using stress relief interlayers

The microstructure and shear strength of brazed doped graphite (DG)/Cu joints by active metal brazing were studied. In order to evaluate the effect of stress relief interlayers on mechanical property, both kinds of joints, joined directly and inserted interlayer between substrates, were fabricated. It was found that directly brazing of DG to Cu was unsuccessful within the experimental conditions applied. A finite element method (FEM) was employed to evaluate the residual stress in the joints. It was found that the residual stress caused by the physiochemical properties mismatch between DG and Cu deteriorated the DG/Cu joints strength severely. FEM results showed that the use of Cu or Mo significantly reduced the residual stress, when comparing to those obtained without interlayer. Results from the FEM simulation also indicated that the combination of oxygen free high conductivity copper (OFHC)/Mo multi-interlayers were very effective to mitigate residual stress in the DG/Cu joints. Brazing experiments using OFHC/Mo/OFHC, OFHC/Ti/OFHC and OFHC/Ni/OFHC multi-interlayer were successful in all employed cases and the average strength of the joints reached 19.2 MPa with OFHC/Mo/OFHC multi-interlayer. TiC formation was found to be responsible for the filler metal/DG adhesion, some intermetallic compounds also detected in the braze seam due to the inter-diffusion of metallic elements.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Brazed Joints with Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE Filler Metal

A new low melting point filler metal, Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE, was developed for the furnace brazing of aluminum alloy 6063. Flux-assisted brazing was conducted at 560 °C using the new filler metal and AlF₃-CsF-KF flux. Microstructure of the brazed joints were studied by means of SEM, TEM, and EDS. Shear strength and micro-Vickers hardness of joints had been tested. Results show that sound joints could be obtained with the filler metal and the flux. Microstructure characterization of the brazed joint shows dendritic CuAl₂ phase was distributed evenly and Si-phase was spheroidized and refined, which was embedded in CuAl₂ dendrites with modification of rare-earth element. Shear strength test results show that the joints with Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE filler metal achieved average shear strength of 62.5 MPa, 14.5% more than the shear strength of brazed joints with Chinese HL401 filler metal. The micro-Vickers hardness of joint after T6 treatment is about 83 HV. The hardness of the joints after just brazing and after solution treatment was higher than the hardness of the base metal.     

SiCp/Al复合材料与Fe36Ni合金超声波钎焊

利用超声波钎焊方法使用ZnAlSi钎料实现了Fe36Ni合金与45%SiC_p/2024Al和55%SiC_p/A356两种复合材料的连接,并得到由SiC颗粒增强的复合焊缝.通过扫描电镜、能谱等方法对焊缝的微观结构以及断口形貌进行了观察,对接头的压剪强度进行了测试,分析了Fe36Ni与两种复合材料钎焊接头微观组织和接头强度的差异.结果表明,在Fe36Ni与两种复合材料的钎缝中,钎料与两侧母材界面均形成良好的冶金结合,SiC颗粒均匀分布于焊缝中.Fe36Ni与45%SiC_p/2024Al的接头抗剪强度为110~145 MPa,Fe36Ni与55%SiC_p/A356的接头抗剪强度为75~85 MPa.Fe36Ni与45%SiC_p/2024Al的接头断裂位置为钎缝中,而Fe36Ni与55%SiC_p/A356的接头断裂位置位于Fe36Ni与钎料的界面上.     

Ni-34Ti钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头界面结构及性能

采用Ni-34Ti共晶钎料实现了TiAl合金的钎焊连接,分析了TiAl合金钎焊接头的界面结构,重点研究了钎焊温度对接头组织及性能的影响规律.结果表明,Ni-34Ti共晶钎料主要由TiNi相和TiNi3相组成,钎料熔点为1 120 ℃.不同钎焊温度下获得的接头界面组织均呈现对称特征,无气孔和裂纹等缺陷,接头中主要形成了TiNiAl2,B2,TiNiAl和TiNi2Al四种物相.Al元素在钎缝中的快速扩散,促进了钎缝中Ti-Ni-Al三元化合物的形成.钎焊温度为1 180 ℃保温10 min条件下,TiAl合金接头获得了最大的室温抗剪强度87 MPa.剪切过程中,裂纹容易在富含TiNi2Al相的区域产生和扩展,大量脆性TiNi2Al相的存在对接头的性能是有害的.     

先进功能材料钎焊连接研究进展

以复相陶瓷、纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料以及热电材料为例，从钎料成分设计、钎缝界面组织调控、接头残余应力缓解以及钎焊接头性能评测等角度，讨论了近年来发表的研究成果. 结果表明，在钎料中添加活性元素以及对母材表面改性的方法，能够有效改善钎料润湿性和界面结合强度；对于界面元素扩散以及母材过渡溶解的问题，可以设计制备复合钎料或阻隔层进行解决；接头残余应力的大小受材料热膨胀系数差异的影响较大，目前已提出了多孔中间层、梯度复合层以及母材表面机械加工等多种创新方法，但研究成果的应用仍停留在小尺寸样件，对于缓解大尺寸接头的残余应力问题仍有待解决. 最后对相关研究方向进行了总结和展望，期望推动航空航天构件连接的发展进程.     

金刚石与硬质合金钎焊接头应力场分析

采用ANSYS有限元数值模拟软件，运用瞬态非线性分析的方法，模拟出以Ag—Cu—Ti为钎料的金刚石与硬质合金钎焊接头的焊后应力场，并预报出钎缝厚度对钎焊接头应力大小和分布的影响，从而分别得出焊后金刚石层、钎料层与硬质合金区域的应力场分布，通过对应力场彩云图以及数据组的综合分析，找到焊后应力集中的危险区域；在数控真空钎焊炉中进行钎焊试验，由于施加压力的不同，得出钎缝厚度不同的焊接试件。而后进行抗剪强度试验，得出了钎料层厚度并不是越厚越好，而是存在一个最佳值的规律，计算所得规律与试验结果基本吻合。     

Improving the strength of brazed joints with in situ synthesized TiB whiskers

TiB whiskers have been in situ synthesized as reinforcements in 73Cu-27Ti (wt.%) active brazing filler alloy used for the joining of Al₂O₃ and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show that TiB whiskers served as an effective reinforcement phase aid to decrease the residual stress and increase the shear strength of joints. The shear strength of the joint, containing 30 vol.% TiB whiskers was about 239% higher than that of the joint brazed without TiB whiskers.     

BNi2+TiH2复合钎料钎焊C/C复合材料与GH99镍基高温合金

采用BNi2+TiH₂复合粉末钎料成功实现C/C复合材料与GH99镍基高温合金的钎焊,对焊后接头界面组织及力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,焊后接头典型界面结构为C/C复合材料/Cr₃C₂+MC+Ni(s,s)/MC+Ni(s,s)/Ni₃Si+Ni(s,s)/Cr₃C₂+MC+Ni(s,s)/GH99高温合金.钎料中加入TiH₂,可促进C/C复合材料母材的溶解,并在钎缝中部形成MC碳化物颗粒.随着TiH₂含量的增加,钎缝中部MC形态由细小弥散向大片状转变.当TiH₂含量为3%时,接头室温及800,1000℃高温抗剪强度最高,分别可达40,19及10 MPa,接头强度高于BNi2钎料钎焊接头强度,并可有效保证接头高温使用性能.     

3003铝合金/紫铜异种金属钎焊接头力学性能及显微组织

研究了Zn-Al钎料钎焊3003铝合金/紫铜的铺展性能及钎焊接头力学性能. 结果表明,随着钎料中铝含量的增加,钎料在3003铝合金表面的铺展性能提高,铝含量增至10%~15%(质量分数)范围内时,钎料均具有优异的铺展性能,铝含量超过15%(质量分数)后,铺展性能下降. 钎料在紫铜表面的铺展面积随着钎料中铝含量的增加而增大. 钎焊接头力学性能试验表明,随着钎料中铝含量的增加,搭接钎焊接头抗剪强度提高,铝含量增至12%(质量分数)时,对应的钎焊接头强度最高,继续增加铝含量,钎焊接头强度降低. 综合考虑铺展性能及钎焊接头力学性能,88Zn-12Al钎料性能最佳.