水利工程与河流生态系统的关系

长期以来,人们为了满足供水、防洪、灌溉、发电、航运、渔业及旅游等需求,兴建了大量水利工程,推动了经济的发展和社会的进步,而且对生态建设方面也有积极作用。但是,事物无不具有两重性。水利工程在为人类社会发展带来福祉的同时,也往往对生态系统产生各种影响,有的甚至是持续而深远的影响。疏导河流、整治河道、筑坝壅水和大规模引水等,不仅会改变地形地貌,影响河流生态,使生态系统的健康和稳定性都受到不同程度的影响。     

试论生态水利工程的基本设计原则

生态水利工程是一种综合性工程,在河流综合治理中既要满足人类对水的各种需求,包括防洪、灌溉、供水、发电、航运以及旅游等需求,也要兼顾生态系统健康和可持续性的需求。生态水利工程的设计既要符合水利工程学原理,也要符合生态学原理,体现生态水利工程学一入水和谐的设汁理念。因此,有必要对生态水利工程规划设计原则进行深刻的研究,并做出规范。     

水利工程对流域生态系统的影响与对策

本文阐述了河流生态系统的特点,指出河流形态多样性是生物群落多样性的基础。水利工程对于生态系统胁迫的主要原因,是由于水利工程在不同程度上造成河流形态的均一化和非连续化,其结果导致生物群落多样性的下降。最后,文章提出了水利工程对生态系统补偿的技术对策要点。     

河流生态修复的由来、现状及推进措施

长期以来,人类根据自身发展的需要,对河流进行了开发利用,兴建了大批的水利工程,引发了河流自身和周边环境的一系列问题。为了减少水利工程对河流生态系统的负面影响,人类开始了河流生态修复的理论研究和实践探索。针对我国的河流现状,结合国际国内在河流生态修复方面的探索实践提出了推进河流生态修复的具体措施。     

水利工程对生态系统的胁迫

本文主要阐述了水利工程对生态系统胁迫的原因，主要是由于水利工程对河流形态的改变造成不连续化和均一化，致使生物群落的多样性降低。针对这些问题，在水利工程对建设的基础上，提出一些与生态系统相统一的协调途径。     

水利工程对生态系统的胁迫

随着社会经济水平的不断提升,我国各行各业进入了新的发展阶段,水利工程施工行业更是呈现出了新的特点。水利工程对于当地环境及当地经济发挥着越来越大的作用,然而在建设时生态系统保持工作如果做得不好,就会出现水利工程对生态系统的胁迫作用,给当地环境带来很大的危害。我国部分地区生态系统破坏的情况比较严重,加大了水利工程建设的施工难度,而水利工程属于我国可持续发展战略中的重点建设项目,所以有效保护水利工程区域生态系统问题,解除水利工程对生态系统的胁迫作用。将生态保护作为一项长期艰巨的任务,切实有效的解决水利工程中的环境破坏问题,促进工程健康发展。本文探讨了水利工程对生态系统胁迫的相关内容,旨在提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

生态水利工程的基本设计原理

一门正在探索发展的新时代学科：生态水工学,专称生态水利工程学（Eco-Hydmulic Enghaeering）,水利工程里面有很多不同的学科,本文章就是讲述水利工程中的其中—个新点——生态水利工程。生态水利工程是研究在水利工程满足人类需求的同时,它还可以兼顾到可持续性需求的技术及其原理和水域生态系统健康的工程学。它是一种综合性的工程,所以它的设计既要符合生态学,也要符合水利工程学,体现人水和谐的设计概念。本文对生态水利工程的设计基本原理进行分析,确保生态水利工程设计的规范化。     

堤防工程生态建设初探

随着社会的进步,人们对生活环境的要求也在提高,水利工程建设历史上给人以"傻、大、黑、粗"的形象也随着科学的进步正在向生态水利、生态工程上发展,且很多地区已经取得了很大的成效。人们认识到水利工程对于河流生态系统可能造成不同程度的负面影响。这主要表现在以下两个方面:一是自然河流的人工渠道化,包括平面布置上的河流形态直线化,河道横断面几何规则化,河床材料的硬质化。二是自然河流的非连续化,包括筑坝导致顺水流方向的河流非连续化,筑堤引起侧向的水流联通性的破坏。从保护生态环境的高度,充分认识这种负面作用,积极采取工程措施和生物措施对于受损河流生态系统予以必要的补偿,维护水域生态系统的功能,是流域生态建设的重要任务之一。     

水利工程生态化建设的思考

随着社会的进步,人们对生活环境的要求也在提高,水利工程建设历史上给人以"傻、大、黑、粗"的形象也随着科学的进步正在向生态水利、生态工程上发展,且很多地区已经取得了很大的成效。人们认识到水利工程对于河流生态系统可能造成不同程度的负面影响。这主要表现在以下两个方面:一是自然河流的人工渠道化,包括平面布置上的河流形态直线化,河道横断面几何规则化,河床材料的硬质化。二是自然河流的非连续化,包括筑坝导致顺水流方向的河流非连续化,筑堤引起侧向的水流联通性的破坏。从保护生态环境的高度,充分认识这种负面作用,积极采取工程措施和生物措施对于受损河流生态系统予以必要的补偿,维护水域生态系统的功能,是流域生态建设的重要任务之一。     

生态水利工程规划设计问题探讨

随着经济的快速发展,城市化进程取得了很大的进步,城市中的各项基础建设设施开始进入了快速建设阶段,水利工程是城市的重要基础设施之一,其设计的要求和内容对城市的影响具有极其重要的意义。水利工程对于一座城市来讲,不仅要起到防洪抗涝的功能,同时还要对美化城市环境,保护生态平衡起到积极的作用。文中分析了水利工程对河流生态系统的影响及规划设计的发展与需求,并进一步对水利工程的基本设计原则进行了具体的阐述。     

筑坝河流的生态补偿

从河流的连续性特征出发分析了大坝对于河流生态系统的胁迫问题。指出要在自然-社会-经济复合生态系统中全面权衡筑坝的利弊得失。讨论了对于筑坝河流进行生态补偿的可行性，建议开展河流生态系统功能价值评估，建立生态补偿的合理机制。     

Ecological response to and management of increased flooding caused by climate change

River channels and their flood plains are among the most naturally dynamic ecosystems on earth, in large part due to periodic flooding. The components of a river's natural flood regime (magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of peak flows) interact to maintain great habitat heterogeneity and to promote high species diversity and ecosystem productivity. Flood regimes vary within and among rivers, depending on catchment size, geology and regional hydroclimatology. Geographic variation in contemporary flood regimes results in river-to-river variation in ecosystem structure, and therefore in potential river ecosystem response to increased future flooding. The greater the deviation in flood regime from contemporary or recent historical conditions, the greater the expected ecological alteration. Ecological response will also depend on how extensively humans have altered natural river dynamics through land-use practices. Examples of human-caused changes in flood regime (e.g. urbanization, agricultural practices) provide analogues to explore the ecological implications of region-specific climate change. In many settings where humans have severely modified rivers (e.g. through leveeing), more frequent larger floods will work to re-establish connections with severed flood-plain and riparian wetlands in human-dominated river valleys. Developing and implementing non-structural flood-management policies based on ecological principles can benefit river ecosystems, as well as human society.     

白洋淀流域生态水文过程演变及其生态系统退化驱动机制研究

白洋淀是华北地区最大的天然淡水湖泊湿地和重要的生态功能区,在自然和人为驱动影响下,生态系统呈明显的退化趋势。通过对白洋淀流域生态水文过程演变分析,剖析了其生态系统退化的特征及驱动机制。气候干旱是白洋淀生态系统退化的环境背景条件,而上游水库的截流、水利工程的建设及水资源的开发利用等自然、人为因素的耦合作用,加速了白洋淀生态系统退化的过程。基于白洋淀生态系统退化的特征和驱动机制,从流域生态水文过程演变出发,为湿地的保护提出了措施和建议。     

“Connectivity” in urban rivers: Conflict and convergence between ecology and design

“Connectivity” is a key concept for riparian and landscape ecologists and hydrologists, who use it as a measure of natural integrity in a river ecosystem. Urban designers and politicians use the same term to promote human access to riverfronts. Effective riverfront restoration requires reconciliation of these opposing definitions. A solution is to draw upon abstract and symbolic sources, or “cognitive connectivity,” to raise awareness of the complexity of urban river ecosystems and to provide cues for appropriate use of those systems. Examples of effective cognitive connectivity include restoration plans with strong pedagogical components, water museums, and artistic interventions that reveal ecological processes (eco-revelatory design). The use of visual and conceptual connectivity offers hope for harnessing human creative energy in the interest of ecosystem integrity.     

A general solution for the flow into a well from infinite line sources in the river wedge

Abstract

This paper investigates the hydraulic head distribution of a pumping well located in the river wedge under steady state conditions. Adopting polar coordinates and using the principle of image well and superposition, we develop a new solution and establish some general formulas. The results can be used both in the field of ground water hydrogeology and the petroleum engineering.     

Which type of ecosystem for distributed ledger technology?

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), or the blockchain, enables new ways of inter-firm interaction in a networked environment. The economic community consisted of organizations, that although independent, are connected and interact through this seminal technology form the DLT ecosystem. DLT may be applicable in many ecosystem types. However, little research has been done on how DLT works in the ecosystem types. We acknowledge specific ecosystem characteristics in a DLT network of actors and argue that there are similarities between various ecosystem types. Our study extends DLT and ecosystem literature by answering the question “How do ecosystem types make fit to DLT?“. We build upon the software, technological, digital, innovation, product and service ecosystem literature and examine how do they match to DLT ecosystem. We find that these ecosystems can be part or subset of the DLT ecosystem, but it is the business ecosystem type that fits better to DLT ecosystem conceptualization. We further analyse the characteristics, definitions and enablers of business ecosystem and identify the analogies between these two structures. In this way we provide academics and practitioners alike insight into what characteristics shape DLT business ecosystems and what features it adopts from other ecosystem types.     

An Ecologically Oriented Operation Strategy for a Multi-Reservoir System: A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Han River Basin,China

Constructing and operating a multi-reservoir system changes the natural flow regime of rivers, and thus imposes adverse impacts on riverine ecosystems. To balance human needs with ecosystem needs, this study proposes an ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that integrates environmental flow requirements into the joint operation of a multi-reservoir system in order to maintain different ecological functions throughout the river. This strategy is a combination of a regular optimal operation scheme and a series of real-time ecological operation schemes. During time periods when the incompatibilities between human water needs and ecosystem needs for environmental flows are relatively small, the regular optimal operation scheme is implemented in order to maximize multiple human water-use benefits under the constraints of a minimum water-release policy. During time periods when reservoir-induced hydrological alteration imposes significant negative impacts on the river’s key ecological functions, real-time ecological operation schemes are implemented in order to modify the outflow from reservoirs to meet the environmental flow requirements of these functions. The practical use of this strategy is demonstrated for the simulation operation of a large-scale multi-reservoir system which located in the middle and lower Han River Basin in China. The results indicate that the real-time ecological operation schemes ensure the environmental flow requirements of the river’s key ecological functions, and that adverse impacts on human water-use benefits can be compensated for by the regular optimal operation scheme. The ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that is proposed in this study enriches the theoretical application of the multi-reservoir system joint operation which considers environmental flow requirements.     

引黄入晋—万家寨引黄工程综述及高新技术应用

引黄工程是从根本上解决山西水资源紧缺,促进山西经济社会发展和生态环境可持续发展,维系国家新型能源和重化工基地发展的大型跨流域引水工程。介绍了万家寨引黄工程的线路组成和水工建筑物布置情况。介绍了三项高新技术:隧道掘进、预应力钢筒混凝土管道输水及预应力数字化张拉技术在引黄一期工程中的应用。研究了三项技术的关键技术环节,针对实际应用时的工程条件及施工难点,提出相应的施工方法及对策,为今后类似水工建设工程项目施工提供参考。     

The knowledge network dynamics in a mobile ecosystem: a patent citation analysis

The paradigm of the mobile ecosystem is rapidly changing, especially since the uction of smart devices. New important players are emerging, and the scope of the mobile ecosystem is expanding and encroaching on the technological boundaries of other IT ecosystems. However, our understanding of the mobile ecosystem has been limited given the few existing studies. Therefore, in this paper, we empirically examine the network structure of a mobile ecosystem by measuring the technology knowledge flows between firms based on a patent citation analysis of the mobile industry. We found that platform providers are emerging as the center of the knowledge flow activity in the ecosystem. By introducing a new network index, the Network Concentration Index, which measures a firm’s knowledge concentration ratio toward subsectors, we also found that each platform provider shows distinctive changing patterns in their technology knowledge network and that each is forming its own sub-network with increased influence on affiliated firms.     

Mapping an innovation ecosystem using network clustering and community identification: a multi-layered framework

Scientometrics - The existing literature on innovation ecosystem overlooks the differences between knowledge ecosystems and business ecosystems, and mostly focuses on a single-layer analysis of the...