四种水门汀基底材料调拌技巧探讨

牙体充填术中基底材料有隔绝外界温度及电流对牙髓的刺激、安抚止痛、促进牙本质再矿化及修复牙本质沉积等作用。其调拌质量与充填术的成功与否有着密切的关系。本文讨论常用的氧化锌丁香油水门汀、磷酸锌水门汀、羧酸锌水门汀、玻璃离子水门汀四种基底材料的调拌。     

滞后照射对于粘接强度的影响:光固型树脂加强玻璃离子水门汀与光固化树脂的比较

在正畸临床应用光固型树脂加强玻璃离子水门汀粘接托槽。对每一个托槽的粘接而言。从材料的调拌到光照使之固化的间隔时间是不相同的。本研究是对不同时间间隔固化的光团型树脂加强玻璃离子水门汀的粘接强度进行评价。实验分为两部分:第一部分是     

亚甲蓝对玻璃离子水门汀物理特性的影响

目的为清晰辨别充填后玻璃离子水门汀和牙体组织间的界限,将亚甲蓝溶液加入玻璃离子水门汀中,通过观察亚甲蓝溶液对玻璃离子水门汀显微硬度、吸水性和溶解性的影响,探讨使用亚甲蓝改变玻璃离子水门汀颜色的可行性。方法将1%亚甲蓝染液1μl加入100μl的玻璃离子液中调匀,按产品说明书的粉液比要求调拌玻璃离子水门汀制作测试片,以未添加亚甲蓝的玻璃离子水门汀测试片为对照组,每组各制备40个。测量玻璃离子水门汀固化后1h、1周、2周的显微硬度及1周的吸水性和溶解性。结果亚甲蓝组和对照组玻璃离子水门汀的显微硬度、吸水性及溶解性差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论万分之一含量的亚甲蓝即可改变玻璃离子水门汀颜色,但对材料的表面硬度、吸水性和溶解性无明显影响。     

强化氟水门汀物理性能及释放氟研究

目的：探讨市售磷酸锌水门汀、聚羧酸锌水门汀、玻璃离子水门汀粉末中添加复合氟化物制剂（Co-F）对其物理性能及氟释放的影响。方法：在上述各水门汀粉末中按质量分数添加复合氟化物0％～20％，调和水门汀测定其固化时间、抗压强度、氟离子释放量。结果：添加适量复合氟化物对水门汀的抗压强度没有影响，添加复合氟化物的玻璃离子水门汀释放氟量增加，添加复合氟化物的聚羧酸锌水门汀、磷酸锌水门汀也能够释放氟离子。添加复合氟化物对聚羧酸锌水门汀及玻璃离子水门汀固化时间有明显影响。结论：强化氟水门汀通过释放氟，使充填材料附近牙齿发挥防治继发龋作用，基于此观点强化氟水门汀是牙科应用有希望的材料。     

不同混合比例对4 种粘固剂机械性能的影响

为研究混合比例对粘固剂性能的影响,对临床常用的4 种粘固剂:氧化锌丁香油水门汀、磷酸锌水门汀、玻璃离子水门汀和树脂水门汀分别按照不同比例混合后,制备成相应试件,使用MRHV-1000维氏硬度计测量其维氏硬度,环状磨损实验机测试其磨损量,AGS-500万能材料试验机测试其抗压强度.结果发现氧化锌丁香油水门汀、磷酸锌水门汀、玻璃离子水门汀随着粉液比例的减少,维氏硬度和抗压强度显著降低,磨损量显著增加.树脂水门汀A膏/B膏比例与1∶ 1差别越大,维氏硬度和抗压强度降低越多,磨损量越多.混合比例对4 种粘固剂硬度、抗磨损能力及抗压强度均有显著影响.     

三种树脂水门汀抗压强度及成膜厚度的实验研究

目的：对比研究三种临床常用的树脂水门汀的抗压强度及成膜厚度特性。方法：选用Vitique、Variolink II及RelyX Unicem三种树脂水门汀,每种材料各选用20个试样,均分为两组。一组将三种树脂水门汀采用传统调拌硬纸板进行调拌,待其凝固后进行抗压强度的测试;另一组将树脂水门汀试样按照ISO 6876提供的方法进行成膜厚度的测试。用SPSS软件对两种性能的测试数据进行统计分析。结果：三种材料的抗压强度：Vitique为250.5±24.5MPa,Variolink II为315.3±32.1MPa,RelyX Unicem为385.8±37.2MPa。任意两组间的抗压强度均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,抗压强度按由高至低为RelyX Unicem〉Variolink II〉Vitique。三种材料的成膜厚度：Vitique为22.6±2.5μm,Variolink II为29.6±3.2μm,RelyX Unicem为9.6±0.9μm。任意两组间的成膜厚度均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,成膜厚度按由大到小为Variolink II〉Vitique〉RelyX Unicem。结论：RelyX Unicem具有较高的抗压强度及较薄的成膜厚度,适用于各种临床修复体的粘接。Vitique较Variolink II更适合用作美学区修复的粘接材料。     

玻璃离子水门汀用于粘结托槽的临床效果观察

目的:探讨玻璃离子水门汀粘结正畸托槽的临床效果.方法:对117例正畸患者的1871个牙,分别用玻璃离子水门汀(实验组)和正畸非调拌型釉质粘结剂(对照组),粘贴方丝托槽,观察其粘结效果.结果:3月后复查,实验组托槽脱落率为12.6%,对照组托槽脱落率为11.4%.1年后复实验组托槽脱落率为17.7%,对照组托槽脱落率为15.4%.2年后复查,实验组托槽脱落率21.4%,对照组托槽脱落率19.4%.结论:玻璃离子水门汀粘结托槽的效果接近正畸非调拌型釉质粘结剂,而其具有无毒无刺激性,并具有缓慢的释氟性,不失为一种较好的粘结正畸托槽的粘结材料.     

两种玻璃离子水门汀修复楔状缺损的临床疗效观察

我科自2006年1月至2008年12月分别采用FX-Ⅱ玻璃离子水门汀与化学固化玻璃离子水门汀对68例164颗楔状缺损患牙进行修复治疗,经过半年、1年、2年的回访观察,比较两种材料修复的成功率。     

几种玻璃离子水门汀磨耗性能的比较

在选择牙体修复材料时，耐磨性是一个需要考虑的重要问题。目前，广泛用于口腔各类洞的修复材料主要是银汞合金、复合树脂及玻璃离子水门汀。这些材料在口腔内的磨耗主要是由牙刷磨耗和咀嚼造成的［１］。本研究采用自制的往复式牙刷磨耗机，对比研究了４种玻璃离子水门汀...     

三种修复方法用于楔状缺损修复的疗效评价

目的 比较玻璃离子水门汀、复合树脂及联用两种材料用于楔状缺损修复的远期临床疗效。方法 89例360颗楔状缺损牙分别用玻璃离子水门汀、复合树脂和联用两种材料修复。于修复后1、2及3年,比较成功率等指标情况。结果 玻璃离子水门汀防龋性和黏结性优于复合树脂,复合树脂的色彩稳定性优于玻璃离子水门汀;3年后,联用组临床成功率为88.6％高于玻璃离子水门汀组(74.8％)或复合树脂组(7.6％),差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 玻璃离子水门汀和复合树脂联用优于单独充填。     

对四种粘接剂系统抗压强度及挠曲强度的评估

目的：对比研究4种粘接剂抗压强度及挠曲强度的差异.方法：选用树脂粘接剂Compolute,复合树脂Resinomer,树脂加强型玻璃离子Vitremer Luting及传统玻璃离子Ketac Cem4种粘接剂,分别制作抗压强度及挠曲强度的标准试件,每组10个.万能试验机测试其抗压强度及挠曲强度值,采用单因素方差分析及组间两两比较的LSD-t检验进行统计分析.结果：抗压强度组：Compolute为245.73±23.17MPa,Resinomer为153.50±18.59MPa,Vitremer Luting为61.89±10.92MPa,Ketac Cem为163.78±17.07 MPa.Ketac Cem和Resinomer组,其余各组组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.抗压强度由高到低的顺序为Compolute＞Ketac Cem＞Resinomer＞Vitremer Luting;挠曲强度组：Compolute为79.40±15.02MPa,Resinomer为102.18±19.61MPa,Vitremer Luting为20.70±3.89MPa,Ke切c Cem为21.04±4.02MPa.除后两组外,其余各组两两比较差异均有统计学意义,P ＜0.05.挠曲强度由高到低的顺序为Resinomer＞Compolute＞Ketac Cem＞Vitremer Luting.结论：与Vitremer Luting及Ketac Cem相比,Compolute表现较高的抗压强度及挠曲强度,Resinomer则具有较高的挠曲强度及较低的抗压强度,临床上可根据不同修复需求选择合适的粘接系统.     

Effect of mixing methods on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cements

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the mixing method on the compressive strength and porosity of dental glass ionomer cements. METHOD: Five glass ionomer cements were chosen for use in the study. Two were hand mixed and three were encapsulated. The latter were mixed either by shaking or rotating. Following mixing by rotation some samples were centrifuged before use. The 24h compressive strength was determined for each cement/mixing regime combination and fracture surfaces were examined using SEM. RESULTS: The mixing method had a significant effect on compressive strength (P<0.05). For the luting/lining cement, hand mixing produced a significantly greater compressive strength (P<0.05). For the restorative cement, there were only small differences between specimens mixed by different methods and hand mixing gave a significantly lower compressive strength than mixing by rotation followed by centrifuging (P<0.05). Porosity was incorporated in all samples and low values of compressive strength were associated with larger pores. SIGNIFICANCE: The strength of glass ionomer cements is affected by incorporated porosity and this is dependent on the method of mixing. For some cements hand mixing is favoured in order to reduce porosity and increase strength but this is not generally applicable to all cements.     

玻璃离子水门汀牙体充填后边缘封闭性的观察

目的：比较三种玻璃离子水门汀牙体充填修复后边缘封闭性的差别。方法：离体前磨牙80颗按要求制备洞型,随机分成4组,分别用三种玻璃离子水门汀（新世纪齿科材料有限公司玻璃离子水门汀I型、II型,日本GCFujiII）充填修复,另外一组用玻璃离子水门汀II型修复后再涂隔湿剂（凡士林）。经冷热交替试验（0℃～55℃,循环500次）,采用1%亚甲蓝染料渗入法观察充填体与牙体洞壁间边缘微渗漏的情况。结果：玻璃离子水门汀I型（普通型）边缘封闭性与其他各组存在显著差异（P〈0.01）;玻璃离子水门汀II型（树脂增强型）、GCFujiII与隔湿剂组边缘封闭性存在差异（P〈0.05）;玻璃离子水门汀II型与GCFujiII边缘封闭性比较不存在差异（P〉0.05）。结论：玻璃离子水门汀II型与GCFujiII边缘封闭效果相同;隔湿剂能降低微渗漏。     

Enhancement effect of pre-reacted glass on strength of glass-ionomer cement

In this paper, we report on the enhanced strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) by using the process of pre acid-base reaction and spray drying in glass preparation. The pre acid-base reaction was induced by prior mixing of the glass powder with poly(alkenoic acid). The weight ratios of glass powder to poly(alkenoic acid) were varied to investigate the extent of the pre acid-base reaction of the glass. The effect of the spray drying process which produced spherical glass particles on cement strength was also studied and discussed. The results show that adding 2%-wt of poly(alkenoic acid) liquid in the pre-reacted step improved cement strength. GICs prepared using a mixture of pre-reacted glass with both spherical and irregular powders at 60:40 by weight exhibited the highest compressive strength at 138.64±7.73 MPa. It was concluded that glass ionomer cements containing pre-reacted glass with mixed glass morphology using both spherical and irregular forms are promising as restorative dental materials with improved mechanical properties and handling characteristics.     

4种玻璃离子水门汀对ITI基台与金属内冠之间粘接力的比较研究

目的：研究4种玻璃离子类水门汀对ITI种植系统标准颈粘接固位基台和金属内冠之间的粘接力。方法将10只金属内冠与10只I T I标准颈粘接固位基台分别使用以下4种水门汀进行交叉粘固：A组为玻璃离子水门汀（日本）;B组为树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀（美国）;C组为暂时粘固用玻璃离子水门汀（日本）;D组为玻璃离子水门汀（德国）;粘固后测试并记录样本粘接力（N）,同时观察并记录粘固界面的断裂模式,最后,对粘接力进行统计学处理。所有内冠和基台经清洗后重复使用。结果4种水门汀的粘接力及由大至小的排列顺序为C组（183.6±29.4） N〉D组（153.4±36.2） N〉B组（144.4±41.1） N〉A组（109.9±25.7）N,其中C组的粘接力最高,A组的粘接力最低,A组显著低于其它3种水门汀（P〈0.05）。对样本的断裂面观察显示,A组和D组样本断裂面发生在水门汀和基台表面之间,而B组和C组样本的断裂面则呈现混合断裂的模式。结论2种玻璃离子水门汀和树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀都具有临床可接受的粘接力,而暂时粘固用玻璃离子水门汀因粘接力太大,不适用对种植牙冠进行暂时粘固。     

四种修复粘接材料的体外细胞毒性研究

目的 比较4种修复粘接材料—聚羧酸锌水门汀、玻璃离子水门汀( FujiI)、树脂改性玻璃离子水门汀( RelyXTM Luting)、树脂类粘接剂(Super-Bond C&B)对人牙髓细胞的生物学作用.方法 原代培养人牙髓细胞,同时制备各材料样品,浸入α-MEM培养基制取材料浸提液.分别将各材料的浸提液与第4代人牙髓...     

Evaluation of Adhesive and Compressive Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements

The aim of the study was to assess, compare and evaluate the adhesive strength and compressive strength of different brands of glass ionomer cements to a ceramometal alloy. (A) Glass ionomer cements: GC Fuji II (GC Corporation, Tokyo), Chem Flex (Dentsply DeTrey, Germany), Glass ionomer FX (Shofu-11, Japan), MR dental (MR dental suppliers Pvt Ltd, England). (B) Ceramometal alloy (Ni–Cr: Wiron 99; Bego, Bremen, Germany). (C) Cold cure acrylic resin. (E) Temperature cum humidity control chamber. (F) Instron Universal Testing Machine. Four different types of Glass ionomer cements were used in the study. From each type of the Glass ionomer cements, 15 specimens for each were made to evaluate the compressive strength and adhesive strength, respectively. The 15 specimens were further divided into three subgroups of five specimens. For compressive strength, specimens were tested at 2, 4 and 12 h by using Instron Universal Testing Machine. To evaluate the adhesive strength, specimens were surface treated with diamond bur, silicone carbide bur and sandblasting and tested under Instron Universal Testing Machine. It was concluded from the study that the compressive strength as well as the adhesive bond strength of MR dental glass ionomer cement with a ceramometal alloy was found to be maximum compare to other glass ionomer cements. Sandblasting surface treatment of ceramometal alloy was found to be comparatively more effective for adhesive bond strength between alloy and glass ionomer cement.     

Compressive strength of glass ionomer cements with dental antibacterial agents.

Glass ionomer cements have been suggested for obturating carious teeth that have been prepared with dental hand instruments. In such cases, carious dentine may be inadvertently or deliberately left in situ. The residual bacteria may, over time, lead to secondary caries and restoration failure. Benefit may be gained from combining antibacterial agents with the glass ionomer cement to control residual bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement combined with oral antibacterial agents. Cationic antibacterial agents; chlorhexidine hydrochloride, cetylpyridinium chloride and cetrimide were added to the powder and benzalkonium chloride, a liquid, to the liquid of Fuji IX glass ionomer cement. These were prepared to concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 per cent by weight of the glass ionomer cement and compared to Fuji IX with no antibacterial agent. Test specimens were subjected to a compressive force to failure. Multiple analysis of variance showed highly significant reductions in compressive strength (p < 0.01) between the test materials and control group apart from one per cent benzalkonium chloride. Increasing concentration of the antibacterial agent had increasing adverse effects on the physical properties. The addition of the antibacterial agents tested to Fuji IX reduces the seven-day compressive strength which may affect the clinical performance of the material.     

Adhesion of different brands of glass ionomer cements to a ceramometal alloy

Aims

The aim of the study was to assess, compare and evaluate the adhesive strength and compressive strength of different brands of glass ionomer cements to a ceramometal alloy.

Materials

(A) Glass ionomer cements: GC Fuji II - GC Corporation, Tokyo; Chem Flex — Dentsply DeTrey, Germany; Glass ionomer FX — Shofu-11, Japan; MR dental — MR Dental Suppliers Pvt. Ltd., England; (B) ceramometal alloy — Ugirex III; (C) cold cure acrylic resin; (E) temperature cum humidity control chamber; and (F) Instron universal testing machine.

Methods

Four different types of glass ionomer cements were used in the study. From each type of the glass ionomer cements, 15 specimens were made to evaluate the compressive strength and adhesive strength, respectively. Fifteen specimens were further divided into 3 subgroups each having 5 specimens. For compressive strength, specimens were tested at 2, 4 and 12 hours by using Instron universal testing machine. To evaluate the adhesive strength, specimens were surface treated with diamond bur, silicone carbide bur and sandblasting, and tested under Instron universal testing machine.

Results and conclusions

It was concluded from the study that the compressive strength as well as the adhesive bond strength of MR dental glass ionomer cement with a ceramometal alloy was found to be maximum compare to other glass ionomer cements. Sandblasting surface treatment of ceramometal alloy was found to be comparatively more effective for adhesive bond strength between alloy and glass ionomer cement.