胶囊内镜诊断回肠Dieulafoy病1例

<正>病例:患者男,70岁,退休工人,因"1 d内解暗红色血便4次,量约600 g"于2013-11-12急诊入院。入院前1 d无明显诱因解暗红色血便3次,总量约500 g,自服"云南白药"后又解暗红色血便1次,量约100 g,拟"中消化道出血"收治。1个月前曾有类似出血史,急诊入院后胃镜、结肠镜检查均未见出血病灶,予禁食、补液、止血以及口服云南白药治疗,3 d后粪便转黄,离院。既往有高血压、2型糖尿病史20年     

回肠脂肠瘤引起肠套叠并发大出血一例

患者,男,45岁,因"解暗红色血便1 d"入院.患者1 d前无明显诱因下解暗红色血便.入院当日下午出现腹痛后又解暗红色血便,量约1 100ml,伴头晕,心悸等症状,急诊入院.体检:体温37.5℃,脉搏90次/min,呼吸22次/min,血压90/60 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa).     

胃绒毛膜上皮癌1例误诊分析

患者女性,31岁,未婚,无明显诱因出现呕血、黑便,病初呕咖啡样物1~2次/d,总量约50~100g,解成型黑便1~2次/d,量约100g,未诊治。发病前1周,出现头晕、头痛、乏力,自服头痛粉2包后,呕暗红色血液及血凝块数次,解柏油样便。急诊于当地县医院。胃镜检查提示:胃底0·8×0·8cm溃疡,表面渗血,未见食管静脉曲张,诊断“胃溃疡”。因出血未行活检,先后输血1600ml,应用法莫替丁、潘托拉唑、立止血等药物治疗1月,仍时有呕血、黑便。当地医院考虑胃恒径动脉出血,建议行电凝术而转入我院。既往无慢性上腹疼痛史,无毒物、放射物接触史。入院时体查:血压90/50m…     

广泛结肠病变伴消化道大出血的肠结核1例

病例：患者男,26岁,因“腹痛3月余,便血20余天”于2011年12月15日收治入院。患者3个月前出现上腹部隐痛,阵发性加剧,伴有反酸、恶心,偶有呕吐黄绿色液体,无呕血便血,无咳嗽咳痰,无潮热盗汗。20余天前,患者疼痛复发,性质同前,解暗红色血便2000mL,伴有意识丧失。6d前,患者再次解1000mL暗红色大便。入院前1d患者解暗红色稀便2次,约300mL。     

回肠脂肪瘤引起肠套叠并发大出血一例

患者 ,男 ,4 5岁 ,因“解暗红色血便 1ｄ”入院。患者 1ｄ前无明显诱因下解暗红色血便。入院当日下午出现腹痛后又解暗红色血便 ,量约 110 0ｍｌ,伴头晕 ,心悸等症状 ,急诊入院。体检 :体温 37.5℃ ,脉搏 90次 /ｍｉｎ ,呼吸 2 2次 /ｍｉｎ ,血压 90 / 6 0ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ =0 .133ｋＰａ)。面色苍白 ,精神差。全身浅表淋巴结未及肿大 ,肝脾未及。右下腹可触及一包块 ,压痛明显 ,无反跳痛 ,肠鸣音亢进。血红蛋白 75 ｇ/Ｌ ,白细胞 5 .6× 10 9/Ｌ ,中性粒细胞 0 .71,淋巴细胞 0 .2 8。出血时间 2 .5ｍｉｎ ,凝血时间 2ｍｉｎ。心电图及肝…     

因消化道出血而确诊的老年慢性粒细胞白血病1例

1 病历摘要 患者男性,86岁,主因“黑便、乏力、纳差3d”于2008年12月13日急诊收住院。患者入院3d前无明显诱因出现进食量减少,进食后左上腹不适,伴返酸,当天解黑便1次,量少,无发热、骨关节疼痛、恶心呕吐和咯血,无黏液血便及里急后重,当时未在意。次日再解黑便1次,量约500g以上,伴乏力、全身大汗,无法站立,需家人搀扶。     

结肠毛细血管扩张症致反复便血1例

结肠毛细血管扩张症致反复便血１例第四军医大学唐都医院（７１００３８）闻勤生患者男性，２８岁，因反复使血１年入院。入院前１年内３次排暗红色血便，总量约３０００ｍｌ，经输血、止血治疗后症状消失。院外急诊胃镜检查未见异常，出血前无服药、饮酒史，出血时无发热...     

结肠动静脉畸形伴反复下消化道出血1例

结肠动静脉畸形伴反复下消化道出血１例上海市徐汇区中心医院内科（２０００３１）王德文患者女性，６８岁，１９９１年６月２９日入院。自述２个月来无明显诱因３次排柏油样便或暗红色血便，经止血、补液等治疗有效。入院前２天内解暗红色便２次约７００ｍｌ。有肝硬化史...     

小儿十二指肠息肉致消化道出血一例

患儿女,12岁,学生,因解暗红色血便3d入院。患儿3d前无明显诱因解暗红色血便,每次量约50～100ml,每日解2～3次,且出现头晕、乏力,门诊以“便血原因待查”收住院。查体:T37.2℃,P88次/min,R20次/min,BP100/55mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),神志清,生长发育正常,全身浅表淋巴结无肿大,全身皮肤、黏膜、甲床明显苍白,腹平坦,腹软,无压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张,肝脾未触及,既往史、家族史无特殊。实验室检查:血常规白细胞6.5×10~9/L,红细胞     

腹腔动脉造影联合双气囊内镜诊断小肠间质瘤大出血一例

患者男，69岁，因便血3年，再发1d入院。患者3年前出现排暗红色血便，在当地医院治疗后出血停止，未明确病因。1d前再次排暗红色血便7～8次，总量约700ml，伴头晕、乏力，无呕血。既往有高血压病史。体检：血压90／60mm（1mmHg=0．133kPa），贫血貌，心率90次／min，肠鸣音8次／min，余未发现阳性体征。血常规示：血红蛋白101g／L。诊断为消化道出血、失血性贫血。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.