高速列车A6005A铝合金焊接接头断裂韧性研究

为了研究高速列车常用A6005A铝合金材料抵抗裂纹扩展能力,对其焊接接头断裂韧性和冲击韧性进行了求解.采用三点弯曲法、扫描电子显微镜等求出焊接接头各部位冲击韧性、断裂韧性以及断口形貌,得到断裂韧性CTOD值δm(8)和J积分值Jm(8).试验结果表明,热影响区的冲击功为16.3 J;母材冲击功为11.5 J;焊缝区域最差,冲击功为5.5 J.CTOD数据表明,HAZ处δm(8)=0.373 9 mm,母材δm(8)=0.089 2 mm,焊缝δm(8)=0.069 7 mm.J积分数据表明,HAZ处Jm(8)=109.454 kJ/m2,母材Jm(8)=38.249 kJ/m2,焊缝Jm(8)=16.231 kJ/m2.热影响区断口上韧窝比母材上韧窝大,其韧性更好.焊缝上气孔、夹杂较多,其塑性较差,冲击吸收功很低.冲击韧性和断裂韧性表征规律一样,热影响区值抵抗裂纹扩展能力最好,母材次之,焊缝区最差.     

Q345D钢结构梁腹板对接接头裂纹分析

Q345D钢结构梁腹板对接接头热影响区出现了长约100mm的裂纹。采用金相方法观察了接头热影响区和母材的组织以及裂纹的宏观形貌，采用扫描电镜观察了裂纹的微观形貌以及对微区的化学成分分析。分析结果表明，焊接接头热影响区没有形成淬硬组织。裂纹两侧出现了一定宽度的脱碳层，脱碳层内部出现了二次氧化产物。该裂纹并不是焊接过程产生的裂纹，而是钢坯轧制以前其表面已存在微裂纹所致。     

高速列车用铝合金型材激光-MIG复合焊工艺特性和接头性能

激光-MIG复合焊是实现高速列车铝合金车体优质、高效、低成本焊接制造的理想技术。针对高速列车铝合金车体用的3 mm厚6A01-T5铝合金型材，开展激光-MIG复合焊工艺试验，研究工艺参数对焊缝成形及气孔缺陷的影响规律，分析接头的组织特征、硬度分布、拉伸及疲劳性能。结果表明:在满足焊缝熔透条件下，较小的激光功率、较小的电弧电流或较低的焊接速度有益于减少气孔缺陷;接头组织从焊缝中心到母材依次是等轴晶区、柱状晶区、半熔化区、过时效区和母材区，相比电弧主要作用区，激光主要作用区的等轴晶尺寸更小且半熔化区宽度更窄。接头存在软化现象，焊缝区硬度最低，热影响区宽度约1.5 mm;接头的平均抗拉强度达197.5 MPa，为母材抗拉强度的80.6%，试样断裂于焊缝区，表现为明显的韧性断裂特征;接头的疲劳强度为93.5 MPa，裂纹萌生于焊缝表面的组织疏松处，裂纹扩展区断口呈现明显的韧性断裂和脆性断裂的混合断裂特征。     

ZL205A大厚板铝合金TIG堆焊组织与性能研究

目的 解决壁厚25 mm的ZL205A铸造铝合金在多层多道TIG焊过程中接头易出现气孔和虚焊等问题,进而实现大厚板ZL205A的高质量焊接。方法 采用TIG堆焊方法对25 mm厚的ZL205A进行焊接,研究不同层间焊接电流对接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果 焊后接头焊核区存在明显的气孔缺陷,随层间焊接电流的增大,气孔缺陷数量和尺寸显著增加。焊接接头根据组织特征分为焊核区、熔合区、热影响区和母材区,其中焊核区晶粒尺寸最小,约为20μm,仅为母材晶粒尺寸的1/5左右。在焊核区晶界处弥散分布了大量Al₂Cu、Al Cu及少量Al₁₂CuMn₂颗粒相。随焊接电流的增大,接头拉伸强度及伸长率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其最大拉伸强度为母材强度的94%,最大伸长率仅为母材伸长率的41.72%。在最优焊接电流下,接头拉伸断裂位置为母材处和焊缝处,气孔缺陷是导致焊缝断裂的主要原因,而母材断裂的主要原因为晶界间存在较多脆硬性AlCu/颗粒相。结论 采用TIG多层多道的焊接方法通过控制不同层间电流可以实现25mm厚ZL205A的高强度焊接。     

高强低合金钢电子束焊接接头的组织与性能研究

采用电子束焊接了厚度为9 mm的15CrNi3MoV高强低合金钢试板,焊接接头成形良好,无内部缺陷,经热处理后焊接系数达到0.98以上。通过研究焊接接头组织和力学性能,发现热处理后,接头组织以贝氏体组织为主,在焊缝和热影响区粗晶区中出现索氏体组织,热影响区的细晶区存在粒状贝氏体组织,焊接接头的冲击韧性与母材相比得到提升;散焦修饰使原始焊缝的柱状晶碎化,能够改善焊缝处的显微硬度。     

基于SINTAP-FAD方法的含裂纹缺陷钢结构构件安全性评定研究

在施工和运营过程中,钢结构构件上出现的裂纹缺陷可能会扩展而导致其发生断裂破坏,因此对含裂纹缺陷钢结构构件的安全性进行评估具有重要意义。首先,引入断裂力学K_IC断裂判据和失效评定图（FAD）概念,并介绍了结构整体性评估程序（SINTAP）的原理;给出了裂纹缺陷评定所需材料参数的确定方法,以及含裂纹缺陷构件的断裂力学参数和塑性屈服荷载的计算方法;然后,提出了基于SINTAP-FAD的含裂纹缺陷钢结构构件的安全性评估流程。最后,以华南和华东两个电厂锅炉钢结构大板梁的焊接缺陷为例,进行了基于K_IC断裂判据和SINTAP-FAD的裂纹缺陷安全性评定研究。结果表明,基于SINTAP-FAD的方法为含裂纹缺陷工作的钢结构构件的安全性评估提供了一种行之有效的方法,考虑多裂纹耦合作用的安全性评定方法有待进一步研究。     

X65管线钢管闪光对焊工艺参数对焊接接头力学性能和缺陷的影响

利用正交试验法,研究了焊接工艺参数对X65管线钢管闪光对焊焊接接头力学性能的影响。正交试验中选择激发闪光阶段烧化量、稳定闪光阶段烧化量、稳定闪光阶段焊接电流、加速闪光阶段闪光速度作为试验因素,焊接接头抗拉强度、塑性和低温冲击韧性作为焊接工艺的评价指标,得到了最优的焊接工艺参数。接头的金相分析表明,焊接的高热输入使接头焊缝区和部分热影响区的晶粒粗化,形成魏氏组织,降低了接头的冲击韧性。刻槽锤断试验表明,灰斑缺陷内部和边缘的密集裂纹导致接头脆性解理断裂。加速闪光阶段优化的闪光速度有利于减少焊缝区内的缺陷并提高接头的力学性能。     

BT20钛合金激光焊接接头的断裂韧性研究

对BT20钛合金及其激光焊接接头的断裂韧性进行了研究.同时分析了合金及激光焊接接头的硬度分布及显微组织.断裂实验表明,除了一个焊接接头紧凑拉伸(CT)试样是脆性启裂外,其它CT试样均在裂纹延性启裂并缓慢扩展后,发生脆性失稳断裂.母材的断裂韧性明显高于焊接接头,轧制方向对母材断裂韧性的影响不明显.焊接热影响区的断裂韧性介于母材和焊缝金属之间.本研究采用的焊后热处理没有改善焊接接头的断裂韧性,还有进一步恶化的趋势.添加活性剂对焊缝金属的断裂韧性没有明显作用,但对延性裂纹扩展长度有所改善.     

船用TA5钛合金激光焊接接头组织和性能研究

采用IPG光纤激光器对8 mm厚的TA5钛合金进行激光自熔焊接,并对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行分析。结果表明,激光焊接接头表面成形连续、均匀、无飞溅,内部无气孔和裂纹等缺陷。母材组织为细小均匀的等轴α相;焊缝区组织主要由粗大的β柱状晶粒、大量的针状马氏体α'以及少量的板条马氏体组成;热影响区组织主要由等轴α相、少量的针状马氏体α'和少量的残余β组成;在熔合线的边界,柱状晶粒与等轴晶粒联生结晶、外延生长,保证了焊接接头的稳定连接。焊接接头各区域的显微硬度差异较大,最高硬度出现在熔合线附近,焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度明显高于母材的。对拉伸断裂部位进行观察,拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,这说明激光焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材等强或者略高于母材的,这与大量针状马氏体形成的网篮组织有直接的关系。      

5A01铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊组织性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对厚度为30 mm的5A01铝合金进行了单面对接焊,分析了焊缝的金相组织及力学性能。结果表明,5A01铝合金厚板的搅拌摩擦焊接成形良好;焊缝接头从组织上可分为焊核区、热机影响区和热影响区;根据受到热量影响程度的不同,焊核区可分为上部焊核和下部焊核,焊核区出现了"洋葱环"结构,可能与搅拌针表面加工的三个平面有关;热机影响区沿厚度方向受到不同程度的热机械和热循环作用,因此其上部、中部和下部表现出了不同的组织特点;焊接接头具有较好的力学性能,抗拉强度达到了母材的90%以上,拉伸断裂位置位于焊缝区。     

Fracture toughness (J1C) of electron beam welded AA2219 alloy

AA2219 (Al–6%Cu) was butt welded in T87 temper (solution heat-treated, cold worked and precipitation hardened) and T6 temper (solution heat-treated and precipitation hardened) using electron beam welding (EBW). Variables studied were base metal temper condition and mode of EBW. Mechanical properties of the weld joint and fracture toughness at fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were evaluated and compared with those of the base metal. Results showed that EB welds have higher joint efficiency and fracture toughness than that of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Fracture toughness of T6 base metal was found to be higher than its T87 counterpart. When welded, FZ and HAZ in T87 showed higher fracture toughness than that of T6; HAZ was the toughest. Pulsed current (PC) EB weld showed marginal reduction in toughness compared to constant current (CC) weld. Toughness variation is analyzed with the help of tensile test, Charpy impact test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

Zone-wise investigation of creep behaviour 9Cr–1Mo steel weld joints

Distinct regions such as weld metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal of P9 steel weld joints fabricated by various welding processes were investigated using impression creep testing. Smaller prior austenitic grain size, lower density of precipitates and dislocations resulted in faster recovery and higher creep rate of HAZ in comparison to the weld and base metal. Compared to base metal, shielded metal arc weld (SMAW) and activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) weld of the P9 steel weld joints exhibited better resistance to creep and displayed higher activation energy due to their coarser prior austenite grain size. A-TIG HAZ exhibited superior creep properties compared to the SMAW and TIG HAZ due to the presence of higher number density of precipitates.     

Fatigue strength of mash seam welded joints

Reversed bending fatigue tests have been conducted using four series of mash seam welded joints obtained from the coupling of two different steels and plate thicknesses. Fatigue strength was evaluated and the effects of material property changes resulting from welding were studied. Fatigue strength of all series of the welded joints decreased slightly compared with that of the base steel. Type of steel and plate thickness in the welded samples exerted very little influence on fatigue strength. In the welded joints between steels with the same plate thickness, fatigue failure took place at a location away from the weld zone in the plate with the lower strength, while in the welded joints between plates of different thickness, failure occurred at the shoulder between the thin and thick plate, i.e. at the weld zone. Regardless of the type of steel and the plate thicknesses joined, fatigue strengths of the mash seam welded joints were slightly higher than those of the laser welded butt joints.     

10CrNi5MoV钢厚板窄间隙熔化极气保焊研究

以10CrNi5MoV钢为研究对象,进行了窄间隙熔化极气保焊对接试验,并对焊接接头的力学性能、金相组织和显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,焊接接头具有良好的综合力学性能,焊缝组织以贝氏体为主,并有少量的针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,过热区组织主要是贝氏体,最高硬度出现在焊接热影响区。     

汽车高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接力学性能研究

目的 针对汽车高强钢SG1000焊接接头恶化等问题,研究了SG1000激光复合焊接的力学性能。方法 选用等强匹配焊丝MG90-G对高强钢SG1000进行激光复合焊接,对焊接接头进行拉伸和低温冲击韧性试验,并结合扫描和硬度监测等手段对焊缝组织和断口形貌进行分析。结果 由于激光的预热作用,高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接成形件的焊缝美观,焊接过程稳定可靠,焊接熔池深度较大,有效改善了传统焊接的咬边、飞溅、气孔等缺陷。焊缝组织主要由板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒组成,热影响区的过热区内部板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒比较粗大,而焊接母材主要为细小的板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒。焊接拉伸断口主要为细小且较浅的韧窝,且韧窝底部存在第二相粒子及夹杂物,焊接拉伸断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌为韧性断裂;冲击微观形貌主要由准解理小平面及河流花样组成,且存在一定数量大小不一的韧窝交错分布,焊接冲击断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌也为韧性断裂。结论 焊缝热影响区的晶粒比非热影响区的晶粒粗大,拉伸和冲击断裂均发生于热影响区;随着激光功率的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现逐渐增强的趋势;随着焊接速度的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现先增强后削弱的趋势。高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接最佳工艺参数如下:激光功率为9.5 kW,焊接速度为0.8 m/min,对应屈服强度为1 072 MPa,抗拉强度为1 175 MPa,断裂伸长率为13.5%,冲击断裂吸收的能量为30.8 J、焊缝中心显微硬度为342 HV。     

浓硫酸中304不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀行为的电化学研究

为了给应用于浓硫酸工业生产的304不锈钢管道的防护提供指导,采用电化学阻抗谱法与动电位扫描法研究了304不锈钢焊接接头各个区域在质量分数为98%的浓硫酸中不同温度下的腐蚀行为。结果表明:304不锈钢焊接接头在浓硫酸中的腐蚀形式以点蚀为主。在相同条件的浓硫酸介质中,焊接接头各区域耐蚀性优劣依次为:基材、焊缝、热影响区,焊接过程对不锈钢的腐蚀起到促进作用。随着硫酸介质温度的逐渐升高,基材的钝化膜比较稳定,而焊缝与热影响区的钝化膜会发生破裂;并且各区域的自腐蚀电流与腐蚀速率会逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性逐渐下降。     

Effect of the welding mode and filler content on the structure of microalloyed Nb/Ti steel weldments

We describe the changes in the proportions of some microconstituents in the structure of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone and analyze the mechanical and technological properties of the welded joints of high-strength microalloyed Nb/Ti steel made by the E-process and MAG-process of welding with modification of the composition of the filler and welding parameters. The influence of different structures of the filler material and welding parameters on the microstructures of the HAZ and weld metal is studied with an aim to explain the changes in the mechanical and technological properties of the welded joints of microalloyed Nb/Ti steel.     

Pulsed MIG welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy

Abstract

Pulsed metal inert gas welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy is carried out, and continuous butt joints of high quality are obtained at optimised parameters. The effects of parameters on weld formation and welding stability are studied. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture of weld beads with different filler wires are investigated. The results show that it is a stable drop transition process with optimised parameters, which belongs to globular transfer. The precipitates in fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) are uniform, dispersive and almost granular. The grain size in fusion zone is fine, and the grain size does not grow too large in HAZ compared with the base metal. The ultimate tensile strength of weld beads can be 94% of base metal, and the average elongation is 11%. Dimples and coarse tearing ridges can be observed on the fracture of the weld bead.     

Effects of Butt Design and Gap Width on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Welds

The effects of parallel and angular butt designs with different gap widths on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resultant magnesium joints in gas tungsten arc welding were investigated.The experimental results displayed that the tensile strength of the joint made with angular butt joint and 0.3 mm-wide gap reached 266 MPa,the joint fractured through the heat-affected zone or base metal during tensile testing,and the microstructure examination showed that no macropore appeared in the fusion zone.However,macropores in diameter of larger than 200 micron occurred for other joint designs,the tensile strength of the resultant joints decreased,and the joints fractured through the fusion zone during tensile testing.The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the microhardness distribution in the joints was measured by using a Vickers microhardness tester.     

Effect of synthetic sea-water on the crack growth properties of HY 140 steel weldment

The influence of a synthetic sea-water environment on the crack growth properties of HY140 steel base metal, heat-affected zone material and weld metal was investigated and the results presented in terms of fracture mechanics parameters. Data were generated under both sustained load and cyclic loading conditions with 1 in. thick compact tension specimens. Results show that a synthetic sea-water environment does not effect the crack growth properties of HY140 steel weldments under the test conditions studied.