双涂层和梯度涂层改善SiCf/Al界面性能的微观机制

研究双涂层（RD）和梯度涂层（RG）处理改善SiCf/Al界面和复合材料性能的微观机制。发现RD试样中纤维外涂层氮化硼（BN）阻档了Al向界面内层C的扩散，从而阻止Al,C脆性相的生成，同样RG试样中C，Si梯度分布阻碍Al,C脆性相的形成，故这二种涂层处理均较单C涂层较好地改善了界面和复合材料性能。     

纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料及其性能分析

为研究纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料的性能特点,通过磁控溅射法先后将Ti6Al4V界面改性层和基体Cu涂层涂覆到SiC纤维表面,并通过真空热压法将被涂覆的纤维制备成SiCf/Cu复合材料.对Ti6Al4V涂层、Cu涂层以及复合材料进行了微观分析,并测试了复合材料的拉伸强度.研究表明,复合材料的Cu基体由致密而细小的晶粒组成;Ti6Al4V提高了纤维/基体界面结合强度,复合材料轴向抗拉强度高达500 MPa,界面脱粘主要发生在纤维表面的碳涂层与纤维之间.     

炭/炭复合材料表面Mo-Si熔浆涂层中剩余Al对其1370℃抗氧化性能的影响

Si粉预涂层中添加Al能够有效阻止液态Si过度渗入C/C复合材料内部。实验考察Al添加剂对C/C复合材料表面Mo-Si熔浆涂层抗氧化性能的影响,对比研究了Si预涂底层中Al添加量分别为6%和10%时,Mo-Si熔浆涂层C/C复合材料1370℃的氧化行为。借助金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜及能谱仪等分析手段对比分析Al含量不同的两种涂层氧化前后的组织结构,探讨了过量Al添加对涂层C/C复合材料氧化行为的影响机理。结果表明,Al-Si预涂底层中Al含量达到10%时,Mo-Si熔浆涂层中出现了散布于MoSi2颗粒周围的剩余Al相;1370℃氧化过程中,含有剩余Al相的Mo-Si熔浆涂层C/C复合材料抗氧化性能迅速减弱。氧化过程中,涂层中剩余Al相向外扩散,在涂层内部留下相互连通的空洞,成为氧气扩散的通道,降低了涂层的氧阻挡能力;此外,剩余Al相在向外扩散过程中氧化生成含有Al2O3的疏松多孔的氧化层,不能有效阻止氧的扩散。这两个因素最终导致含有剩余Al相的涂层丧失防护能力,使得C/C复合材料基体氧化失重。     

铸造高强度C/Al复合材料

本文介绍用铸造法制造抗拉强度超过750MPa的高强度C/Al复合材料。将国产高强度碳纤维经MSC涂层处理后以束状排布于精密铸造模壳内,在4000Pa的真空度和0.75MPa的空气压力下将356合金液浸渗入预热模壳内,凝固后获得C/Al复合材料零件或试样。试样的抗拉强度当纤维体积分数为0.35时达764MPa。论文讨论了纤维束状排布对浸渗过程和材料韧性的有利影响。     

SiC-Ni 双涂层的界面反应对 C/Al 复合材料力学性能的影响

研究了不同工艺条件下具有 SiC-Ni 双涂层的碳纤维增强 Al 基复合材料的界面反应、界面结构及其对复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了不同界面条件下复合材料的典型破坏过程。实验表明:以 SiC 涂层作为界面反应阻挡层,可有效地阻止纤维与基体的反应,保证 C/Al 复合材料在界面反应很严重的情况下仍能保持较高的强度水平。初步提出了这种复合材料保持较高强度的原因和断裂机制。     

Al2O3涂层相变对石英纤维及其磷酸铬铝复合材料性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Al2O3溶胶,通过TG-DTA-DSC、FT-IR、XRD、SEM等测试手段研究了Al2O3涂层相变规律,探讨了涂覆在石英纤维上的Al2O3涂层在不同温度处理下,石英纤维的耐酸性、抗拉伸强度和抗氧化性能及其复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,经过300℃处理后的Al2O3涂层,能均匀地包覆在石英纤维表面,增强石英纤维的耐酸性、抗拉伸力和抗氧化性能,改善石英纤维与酸性磷酸盐基体材料的结合,增强复合材料的力学性能。     

Al和Si添加物使含碳材料增强机理的研究

本文通过试验研究证明:在加入 Si 的含碳制品里,高温下 Si 与 C 反应生成0.1～0.3μm 的粒状β-SiC,相应提高了制品强度。该强化机理属于粒子增强。而向含碳制品里加入的金属 Al,在高温下生成 Al_4C_3和AlN 晶须。这类制品强度的增加实属纤维增强。     

炭/炭复合材料SiC/Mo(Si_x、Al_(1-x))_2抗氧化涂层(英文)

为了提高炭/炭(C/C)复合材料的高温抗氧化性能,应用多相反应技术在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC/Mo(Six、Al1-x)2复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、电子能谱、X射线衍射仪等测试手段对涂层材料的微观结构和物相组成进行分析,同时研究涂层C/C复合材料在超音速气流中的抗氧化性能。结果表明,C/C复合材料表面形成的抗氧化涂层显示出明显的双层结构,从外向内分别为Mo(Six、Al1-x)2与SiC的复合层和纯SiC层,同时有少量的Mo4.8Si3C0.6存在于涂层中。在温度为1800K、气体速率1500m/s的超音速气流中氧化冲刷96 s,以及在2550 K和室温下热循环24次的测试条件下,制备的SiC/Mo(Six、Al1-x)2涂层材料均未发生破坏现象。涂层材料优良的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能主要归因于基体C/C复合材料的高强度以及在氧化过程中材料表面形成的连续稳定的SiO2和Al2O3玻璃相。     

无压渗透法制备Al／AlN复合材料及其性能

在常压下通过熔渗工艺将AlSi7Mg合金渗入由AlN粉末模压成形、预烧所获得的预烧结坯中,得到了不同Al含量的Al／AlN复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪对复合材料的相组成进行了测试,采用金相显微镜和SEM对其显微组织进行了观测,并对不同Al含量的Al／AlN复合材料的维氏硬度、抗弯强度、热膨胀系数及导热系数等进行了测试分析...     

真空铸造高强度C/Mg复合材料

本文介绍用真空铸造法制造抗拉强度超过1000MPa的高强度C/Mg复合材料。将T300纤维经C-Si-O梯度涂层处理后单向排布于型腔内,在真空下注入ZM-5合金液,凝固后即得C/Mg复合材料零件或试样。试样的抗拉强度在纤维体积分数为0.35时达1050MPa。本文讨论C-Si-O梯度涂层对获得高强度复合材料的作用。     

利用熔盐热析出反应法对AlN陶瓷表面金属化研究

研究了利用熔盐热析出反应法对AlN陶瓷的表面金属化. Ti金属化涂层呈现TiO/TiO_1-x/TiN层状结构,在涂层与AlN陶瓷结合处,存在TiN和AlN的梯度复合结构.研究表明,金属化处理显著改善了AlN陶瓷表面与金属Al的润湿性能,在1000℃下,润湿角从114.4°降至49.7°.     

A functionally gradient coating on carbon fibre for C/Al composites

A functionally gradient coating on carbon fibre for casting C/Al composites with an ultimate tensile strength up to 1250 MPa (V _f=0.35) has been produced. The coating consisted of three layers: an inner pyrocarbon layer, an outer silicon layer and an intermediate gradient layer C/SiC/Si, and their optimum thicknesses were 0.1–0.15, 0.1 and 0.2 m, respectively. This coating was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition and the C/Al composite was performed by pressure-regulated infiltration. Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that the structure of the coating was in keeping with its design. The excellent ultimate tensile strength of the C/Al composite also proves that the functionally gradient coating has many functions, including wetting agent, diffusion and reaction barrier, releaser of residual thermal stresses, and tailor of interfacial shear strength. According to the mechanical, physical and chemical coordination between fibre and matrix, the functionally gradient coating can solve nearly all the problems of the interface during fabrication and service.     

Effect of multilayer coating on mechanical properties of Nicalon-fibre-reinforced silicon carbide composites

Nicalon-fibre-reinforced SiC composites were fabricated by combining polymer solution infiltration (PSI) and chemical vapour infiltration (CVI). Effect of multilayer coating on mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The coatings consisted of chemically vapour deposited (CVD) C and SiC and were designed to enhance fibre pull-out in the composites. It was found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were increased with the number of coating layers and was a maximum for 7 coating layers which consisted of C/SiC/C/SiC/C/SiC/C. Typical flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were 300 MPa and 14.5 MPa m^1/2, respectively.     

Fracture toughness of Kevlar-epoxy composites with controlled interfacial bonding

The fracture toughness of Kevlar-epoxy resin composites with intermittent fibre bonding of a silicone vacuum fluid (SVF-200) and a polyurethane varnish (Estapol 7008) have been studied over the temperature range –60 to 40° C and strain rates 0.03 to 5000 min^–1. Whilst both coating materials give similar tensile strengths their effects on toughness are very different. As far as toughening is concerned Estapol 7008 is more effective than SVF-200. The toughening effect increases with increasing intermittent lengths of the Estapol-7008 coating, i.e. coating parameterC, increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. At low strain rates and high temperatures, forC=1, the toughness increase is some 200 to 300% compared to the uncoated composites. Some initial work has also been conducted for hygrothermally aged uncoated and coated fibre composites. The SVF-200 coated composites do not show any toughness degradation compared to the dry control samples. However, both the uncoated and Estapol-7008 coated composites suffer some toughness loss. Even so, the toughness of the fully coated aged specimens is as good as the uncoated dry controls. A fracture analysis is presented which gives reasonable agreement between predicted fracture toughness values and experimental measurements. It is shown that fibre pull-out toughness and fibre fracture work are the main contributors to the total fracture toughness of these fibre composites; their relative significance being dependent on the type of coating material, the temperature and strain rate of testing.     

Oxidation behaviour of Ti2AIN films composed mainly of nanolaminated MAX phase

In this paper, we reported the oxidation behaviour of Ti2AIN films on polycrystalline Al2O3 substrates. The Ti2AIN films composed mainly of nanolaminated MAX phase was obtained by first depositing Ti-Al-N films using reactive sputtering of two elemental Ti and Al targets in Ar/N2 atmosphere and subsequent vacuum annealing at 800 degrees C for 1 h. The Ti2AIN films exhibited excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability at 600-900 degrees C in air. Very low mass gain was observed. At low temperature (600 degrees C), no oxide crystals were observed on film surface. Blade-like Theta-Al2O3 fine crystals formed on film surfaces at 700-800 degrees C. At high temperature (900 degrees C), firstly Theta-Al2O3 formed on film surface and then transformed into alpha-Al2O3. At 700-900 degrees C, a continuous Al2O3 layer formed on Ti2AIN films surface, acting as diffusion barrier preventing further oxidation attack. The mechanism of the excellent oxidation resistance of Ti2AIN films was discussed based on the experimental results.     

烧结助剂对反应热压烧结B4C基复合材料性能的影响

以微米级B₄C粉体为原料,通过与TiO₂葡萄糖原位反应制备TiB₂颗粒增韧B₄C复合材料。研究了烧结温度和烧结助剂对材料烧结行为及力学性能的影响。在1950℃反应热压下获得了相对密度为97.7%的TiB₂/B₄C复合材料,断裂韧性达到5.3 MPa·m1/2。添加Al₂O₃和Si烧结助剂后,分别在1950℃和1900℃ 获得了接近致密的(TiB_2,Al₂O₃)/B₄C和(TiB_2,SiC)/B₄C复合材料,断裂韧性分别提高到7.09和6.35 MPa·m1/2。显微组织分析表明,增韧作用主要来自残余应力引起的裂纹偏转。     

The fabrication and wear properties of C/Al and (C + SiC)/Al composites based on wood template

Wood with its rational and magical inner structures was used as a template to fabricate C/Al and (C + SiC)/Al composites in this research. The carbon frame was first pyrolyzed from the wood template. The final composites were then obtained by infiltrating Al alloy and silicone resin into the carbon frame. The microstructures and the wear properties of these products were analyzed. The results show that the structures of the C/Al and (C + SiC)/Al composites are controlled by the natural structures of the wood. Moreover, the carbon in the composites reduced the wear rate of the Al alloy as an efficient lubricant. Compared with the C/Al composite, the (C + SiC)/Al composite shows better wear resistance because of silicon carbide.     

Effect of alumina coating and extrusion deformation on microstructures and thermal properties of short carbon fibre–Al composites

Short carbon fibres were coated with alumina by sol–gel process. Uncoated and alumina-coated short carbon fibre–Al composites were fabricated by gas pressure infiltration process. The effects of alumina coating and extrusion deformation on microstructures and thermal properties of the composites were studied. The results show that alumina coating is effective to improve the quality of the short carbon fibre preform as well as act as diffusion barrier to impede interfacial harmful chemical reactions between aluminium and short carbon fibres, which would increase the thermal properties of the composites. Extrusion deformation can orient the carbon fibres to the extrusion direction to improve their degree of orientation, meanwhile decreasing their aspect ratio. Extrusion deformation has a beneficial effect on the thermal conductivity of the composites. However, its effect on coefficient of thermal expansion of the composites is small because the effects of the improvement in degree of orientation and the decrease of aspect ratio tend to cancel each other somewhat.     

Influence of fibre surface oxidation–reduction followed by silsesquioxane coating treatment on interfacial mechanical properties of carbon fibre/polyarylacetylene composites

Carbon fibre was treated with oxidation–reduction followed by silsesquioxane coating method to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibre/polyarylacetylene (CF/PAA) composites. The treatment method was divided into three phases, i.e., oxidation with oxygen plasma, reduction with LiAlH₄, and coating treatment with vinyl silsesquioxane (VMS–SSO). The fibre surface composition and functional group were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The polar functional groups, especially C–OH which could react with Si–OH on silsesquioxanes, were increased after redox reaction. VMS–SSO coating treatment imported vinyl groups which could react with PAA resin during PAA cure process. The surface morphology of carbon fibre was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical interfacial properties of the CF/PAA composites were characterized by short-beam bending testing method. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the CF/PAA composites in different treatment phases were increased by 31.7%, 28.8%, and 59.3%, respectively. The conclusion that oxidation–reduction followed by silsesquioxane coating treatment is an effective method to improve the interfacial properties of the CF/PAA composites can be drawn. This method can be used in other resin systems if the functional groups on silsesquioxane are changed according to those in resins.     

Effects of silsesquioxane coating structure on mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibre/polyarylacetylene composites

Carbon fibres (CF) were treated with different coatings, including [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]trimethoxylsilane (MPMS), [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]silsesquioxane (MPMS-SSO), and (methacryloxy)propyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Methacryl-POSS), to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibre reinforced polyarylacetylene (PAA) matrix composites. MPMS-SSO was obtained from the hydrolytic condensation of MPMS. The complicated structure, including cage and ladder one, of MPMS-SSO may be assigned by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra, ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UV-MALDI-TOF MS). Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was tested to investigate the effect of coating structure on the interfacial bonding. The values of ILSS of untreated and treated CF/PAA composites with different coatings (MPMS, MPMS-SSO and Methacryl-POSS) show that the treatment effect of Methacryl-POSS coating is the best one and the MPMS-SSO coating is better than that of MPMS coating. SEM micrographs of shear fracture of CF/PAA composites also suggested the different coating treatment effects. The differences of increasing degrees of ILSS indicate that the structure of coating is important when silsesquioxanes are used as coatings to treat fibre surface for building up the adhesion and improving interfacial properties of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites.