一种基于块划分颜色特征的图像检索方法

针对传统的颜色直方图法只表示颜色的组成,没有包含颜色空间分布信息,提出1种基于块划分颜色特征的图像检索方法。该方法将图像划分成大小相等的子块,提取每一块的颜色信息作为特征矢量。通过特征聚类和编码,图像内容可以表示成为包含空间分布信息的局部颜色特征组合。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性,并与其它方法进行了性能比较。     

三维完全欧氏距离变换的改进算法

三维欧氏距离变换是对由黑白像素构成的三维二值图像中所有像素找出其到最近黑色像素的欧氏距离。在对现有三维欧氏距离变换算法进行深入研究的基础上,充分利用二维欧氏距离变换的结果,进一步减少参与距离计算和比较的黑点个数,进而提出了三维完全欧氏距离变换的改进算法。整个算法的时间复杂度为O((n3log n)/φ(n))。并将该改进算法应用于海底污染源的扩散分析,取得了较好的效果。     

基于ARMA模型船摇预报的船用稳定平台PID控制算法研究

传统船用稳定平台的PID控制器在闭环调节过程中存在固有的时滞,这会导致稳定平台的稳定精度无法进一步提高,针对此问题提出采用ARMA模型对船的姿态进行预测,经过处理后得到下一时刻稳定平台将要产生的误差,并将此误差作为输入施加到PID控制器中,以实现事先调节,最终达到提高稳定平台的稳定精度的目的。在ARMA模型中,采用最小二乘法对模型的参数进行实时估计,并提出使用预测值的均方误差最小的原则确定模型阶数和单次预测所使用样本数。试验结果表明,ARMA模型的预测结果具有较高的准确度,相对于传统PID控制器而言改进后的PID控制器一定程度上提高了船用稳定平台的稳定精度。     

高光谱遥感图像分类精度对比研究

根据国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"干旱、半干旱地区的环境动力机制重大理论基础研究"的需要,开展各种针对高光谱图像的经典分类精度对比研究.采用ENVI软件中常规高光谱分类算法和自编的模糊算法程序,对3个典型的试验区进行对比试验.结果表明,经典分类算法中的光谱角填图(SAM)、欧氏最小距离、马氏距离分类精度较高,模糊识别法中的相关系数法、绝对指数法、相对指数法、夹角余弦法的精度均比较高而且比较稳定;其它方法精度比较低.虽然有多种因素影响分类的精度,但是只要措施适当,还是可以取得比较满意的分类精度.     

不规则重磁测线网误差模型的约束最小二乘平差

传统实用的海洋重力、磁力测线网平差方法主要为规则测线网设计,并只就线偏差进行调整,用于处理航次数据之间的拼接时效果不理想。为了解决重磁测线数据拼接和建库工作中碰到的误差难以调平的问题,设计、建立了不规则海洋重磁测线网的任意复杂误差模型的最小二乘平差方法,将线偏差纳入到任意复杂(如非线性和周期性)的误差模型中,归纳出最小二乘条件方程系数矩阵的直接构制法。针对可能出现的解不稳定,放弃不易实用的权矩阵,引入两种解决方法:先验确定部分测线误差分布的固定测线法和视误差大小实施系数矩阵对角线微扰动的泛约束法。     

海洋观测图像的深度哈希检索及FPGA在轨实现

近年来,星载/机载的在轨海洋观测设备日益增多。如何从星/机在轨观测的数据中快速且准确地检索出关键图像并进行回传,逐渐成为在轨实时处理的重要研究课题。哈希函数作为一种映射函数,能够将不同图像变换为相同长度的二进制码,并且保持类似图像二进制码的相似性。为了保证二进制编码的特征表达能力,采用深度卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)提取海洋图像的特征信息,对图像进行哈希变换。本文以海洋观测图像作为训练数据集,基于深度卷积神经网络在GPU(Graphics Processing Unit)上训练哈希算法。在此基础上,本文将训练好的哈希函数在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)上实现,完成海洋观测图像的在轨快速检索,为海洋观测实时处理提供了有效技术手段。     

一种格网树与KD树组合的水深数据索引方法

针对当前构建高精度数字水深模型中常用的格网数据索引方法,在海量数据管理中存在因树的规模限制而导致检索效率低的问题,提出了一种格网树与KD树(K-Dimension,KD)组合的水深数据索引方法。首先,利用格网将水深源数据分割为网状的数据块,构建出数据块的格网树;其次,构建各数据块的KD树,实现对数据块中任意数据的快速索引;最后,通过快速定位数据块,查找其所在KD树的位置,实现对海量数据的快速检索。实验结果表明:①与格网树相比,本文所提组合检索方法的检索效率随检索树规模的变化不明显;②在相同的数据量下,组合树的检索效率要普遍高于格网树方法。     

基于L0梯度平滑与图像分块聚类的海天线检测

海天线检测在海洋工程安防活动中具有重要的意义，真实海洋环境中的海天线检测易受云朵、海浪、光照变化、目标遮挡物、边界模糊等外界干扰。为了实现对真实海洋环境中海天线的检测，本研究提出一种基于L0梯度平滑和图像分块聚类的海天线检测算法。首先，对图像进行L0梯度平滑滤波，以增强海天线边缘，弱化非海天线因素干扰；接着，将图像沿着竖直方向分割成若干等宽图像块，以降低整体环境干扰，加强局部海天线检测效果；然后，通过Canny算子和霍夫变换提取每个分割图像块中的直线段；最后，采取K means聚类算法提取每个图像块中的海天线段，拟合生成完整海天线。实验结果表明，在真实的海天线数据集中，本研究方法获取的矩形框重叠率平均精度为93.22%，角度差平均精度为7.66%，均高于文中选取的近年典型对比算法。满足实际海天线检测抗干扰强、准确率高、适应性广等要求。     

一个海洋资料的客观分析方法和分析场的置信水平

这项工作提出了用于海洋资料的一个客观分析方法。这个方法是根据ＧａｕｓＭａｒｋｏｖ原理建立的。当给出一个待分析场中有限个资料点上的观测值时，使用这个方法可以得到相应物理量（如速度，流函数和温度等）的最小平方误差的线性估计场。在建立这个方法的过程中，也给出了计算ＲＭＳ误差的公式。使用这个方法还可以设计出有效的空间取样阵列。本文使用这个方法对海冰速度，海面风速和流函数等分别进行了分析，试验结果表明，这个方法简单、方便，得到了满意的结果     

潮汐河口断面悬沙通量组分模式及其在长江口的应用

断面泥沙通量估算的误差主要来源于计算方法、测点布局等,通量模式应该建立在通量估算统计误差最小的原则基础之上.在断面网格设计中采用统计误差最小的等面积单元网格,在泥沙通量估算中采用泥沙组分浓度,在流速变量插值上垂向采用对数函数插值,横向采用第一边界三次方样条函数插值.这样建立的潮汐河口悬沙断面通量组分模式较以往的任何模式更完善,断面通量估算的误差最小.将该模式应用于长江河口南港断面悬沙通量估算及其输移机制分析,断面泥沙通量表现为大潮期大进大出、大出大于大进;小潮期小进小出、小出大于小进;主要输移机制是拉格朗日输移和潮泵.     

基于SAR图像雨团足印的海面风向提取方法

利用地球物理模式函数进行SAR海面风速反演时，需以风向作为地球物理模式函数的输入。本文应用了一种利用SAR图像上雨团足印顺风一侧比逆风一侧明亮的图像特征的海面风向提取方法，以进行海面风速反演。4景RADARSAT-2卫星SAR示例数据风向提取结果相对于ASCAT散射计的风向均方根误差满足不大于16°。分别以本文方法提取的风向和ASCAT散射计风向作为输入，利用地球物理模式函数CMOD5进行海面风速的SAR反演，两者的风速反演结果基本一致，其均方根误差差值不超过0.3 m/s。本文利用SAR图像雨团足印信息的风向提取方法准确可靠，可应用于SAR海面风速反演。     

Shallow water depth retrieval from space-borne SAR imagery

Based on shallow water bathymetry synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging mechanism and the microwave scattering imaging model for oceanic surface features, we developed a new method for shallow water depth retrieval from space-borne SAR images. The first guess of surface currents and winds are estimated from the normalized radar crossing section (NRCS) profile of shallow water bathymetry SAR imagery, according to the linear theory and geophysical model function. The NRCS profile is then simulated by the microwave scattering imaging model. Both the surface currents and winds are adjusted by using the dichotomy method step by step to make the M4S-simulated NRCS profiles approach those observed by SAR. Then, the surface currents and the wind speeds are retrieved when a best fit between simulated signals and the SAR image appears. Finally, water depths are derived using the Navier–Stokes equation and finite difference method with the best estimated currents and the surface winds. The method is tested on two SAR images of the Taiwan Shoal. Results show that the simulated shallow water NRCS profile is in good agreement with those measured by SAR with the correlation coefficient as high as 85%. In addition, when water depths retrieved from the SAR image are compared with in situ measurements, both the root mean square and relative error are less than 3.0 m and 6.5%, respectively, indicating that SAR images are useful for shallow water depth retrieval and suggesting that the proposed method in this paper is convergent and applicable.     

Estimation of winds over the sea from land-based measurements

Simultaneous measurements of wind velocities at two different sites, one over the sea and the other over land, can differ substantially and therefore cannot be interchanged. In situations where the wind data at an offshore site are missing while simultaneous measurements from a land-based station exist, a linear mean-square estimation (LMSE) technique can be used to estimate the missing data. This technique relies on past wind data gathered simultaneously at the two locations, and it generates from the associated correlation a set of four transfer functions capable of predicting one data set from the other. In the present case, the LMSE technique is outlined briefly, and is then applied to construct seasonal transfer functions between a land-based station and two coastal/offshore sites in Kuwait. Comparisons between the actually observed wind characteristics and those predicted by the LMSE technique are favorable, and thus tend to confirm the applicability of the technique under appropriate conditions.     

基于LLE低维嵌入的高光谱影像分类

针对高光谱数据中内在的非线性流行结构,分析了LLE低维嵌入算法的基本原理,给出了该算法的计算步骤。介绍了模糊ISODATA分类算法的基本思想,在计算目标函数中,利用测地距离代替欧氏距离,对模糊ISODATA分类算法进行改进。利用两套PHI高光谱影像数据,在LLE低维嵌入结果上实现了ISODATA分类实验。结果表明:LLE低维嵌入后的数据能够降低ISODATA影像分类的迭代次数与计算时间,提高分类的效率;与原始ISODATA分类算法相比,改进的ISODATA分类算法能够更好地挖掘类别之间的自组织关系,提高分类的可靠性。     

使用参数化初猜测谱算法提取VV极化Sentinel-1 SAR图像的海浪要素并与ECMWF再分析数据以及浮标数据进行验证对比

The purpose is to study the accuracy of ocean wave parameters retrieved from C-band VV-polarization Sentinel-1Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images, including both significant wave height(SWH) and mean wave period(MWP), which are both calculated from a SAR-derived wave spectrum. The wind direction from in situ buoys is used and then the wind speed is retrieved by using a new C-band geophysical model function(GMF) model,denoted as C-SARMOD. Continuously, an algorithm parameterized first-guess spectra method(PFSM) is employed to retrieve the SWH and the MWP by using the SAR-derived wind speed. Forty–five VV-polarization Sentinel-1 SAR images are collected, which cover the in situ buoys around US coastal waters. A total of 52 subscenes are selected from those images. The retrieval results are compared with the measurements from in situ buoys. The comparison performs good for a wind retrieval, showing a 1.6 m/s standard deviation(STD) of the wind speed, while a 0.54 m STD of the SWH and a 2.14 s STD of the MWP are exhibited with an acceptable error.Additional 50 images taken in China's seas were also implemented by using the algorithm PFSM, showing a 0.67 m STD of the SWH and a 2.21 s STD of the MWP compared with European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis grids wave data. The results indicate that the algorithm PFSM works for the wave retrieval from VV-polarization Sentinel-1 SAR image through SAR-derived wind speed by using the new GMF C-SARMOD.     

合成孔径雷达反演黄海海面风场

基于后向散射系数反演高空间分辨率海面风场,采用谱方法确定风向,并利用CMOD4模式函数反演风速。以ERS-2 SAR黄海区域图像为例,反演海面风场,并将反演结果同QuikSCAT散射计对比,比较吻合,证明该方法在黄海区域的可行性。     

Computer modeling and the design of optimal underwater imagingsystems

A computer model to simulate the formation of underwater images has been developed. The model incorporates the inherent and apparent properties of the propagation of light in water. An image is approximated as a linear superposition of several image components. The model has been used to simulate the relative advantages of different camera/light configurations. The results indicate that extremely large gains in image contrast can be obtained by careful design of beam patterns and the manipulation of camera and light locations. The performance of range-gated systems is explored, and it is demonstrated that these systems are presently power limited. In order to obtain better quality images at larger distances, an imaging configuration which consists of scanning an incoherent light beam across the field of view of a camera is proposed. The incoherent light-scanning system is shown to have advantages over both conventional imaging techniques and range-gated methods     

Correcting underwater images distorted by surface waves

An experiment on the correction of underwater images distorted by waves at the air-water interface was conducted using a laboratory modeling installation intended for experimental examination of light and image transfer across a water surface covered with waves. A digital color camera was used for the simultaneous formation of the image of the underwater test object through the disturbed surface and of the superimposed glitter pattern. Both images are spectrally separated. Processing the glitter pattern makes it possible to obtain the values of the surface slopes at a limited number of points and to use these slopes for retrieval of image fragments. The total corrected image is formed by integration of about 300 partially corrected fragments. This image is close to that obtained through a wave-free water surface.     

南海岛礁遥感影像大气校正算法研究

针对目前传统大气辐射传输模型使用时难以确定气溶胶光学厚度的问题,提出一种仅依靠影像自身信息的大气校正算法,该算法针对南海水域清澈的特点,将暗像元法和大气辐射传输模型相结合,通过暗像元匹配和迭代运算确定气溶胶。实验结果表明:该算法与Sen2cor算法相比大气校正后的地物剖面光谱曲线基本一致,校正后影像能够反映出水深与蓝绿波段对数比值较好的相关性,具有较好的使用价值。