骨道内移植物更合理分布的单隧道单束前交叉韧带重建的中期疗效观察

背景：骨道内移植物更合理分布的单隧道单束重建前交叉韧带（ACL）已被生物力学研究证实能够很好地恢复膝关节稳定性,短期随访效果明确,但缺乏中远期的临床随访观察研究。 目的：探讨关节镜下同种异体胫前肌腱骨道内移植物更合理分布的单隧道单束重建ACL的中期临床疗效。 方法：本组40例,均为男性,年龄18~35岁,平均（26.3±8.7）岁。均行关节镜下骨道内移植物更合理分布的单隧道单束同种异体胫前肌腱重建,并进行术后随访。采用IKDC评分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分,并进行麦氏征试验、抽屉试验、Lachman试验及轴移试验比较患者术前和术后的膝关节功能恢复情况和评分。 结果：40例全部获得随访,随访时间为24~48个月,平均（36.5±12.5）个月。术前麦氏征阳性8例,抽屉试验阳性27例, Lachman试验及轴移试验40例均阳性。术后上述4项试验均为阴性。术前后IKDC评分与Lysholm膝关节功能评分,均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。 结论：关节镜下同种异体胫前肌腱骨道内移植物更合理分布的单隧道单束重建ACL的中期疗效满意。     

关节镜下带线锚钉四点固定治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下带线锚钉四点固定治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月期间青岛大学附属医院运动医学科由同一组医生在关节镜下使用带线锚钉四点固定治疗的58例胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折患者资料。男33例,女25例;平均年龄为18.4岁(14~32岁);骨折根据改良Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型15例,Ⅲ型19例,Ⅳ型24例。记录并比较患者术前与术后1年的膝关节Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分、胫骨髁间棘高度,记录患者末次随访时关节活动度、Lachman试验及轴移试验结果。结果58例患者术后获平均20.7个月(12~33个月)随访。本组患者均在术后12周内达到骨性愈合。所有患者术后1年膝关节Lysholm评分[(85.2±4.9)分]、IKDC评分[(86.2±4.3)分]显著高于术前[(43.2±5.2)、(51.2±4.9)分],胫骨髁间棘高度[(9.1±1.2)mm]显著低于术前[(12.6±1.2)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年胫骨髁间棘高度与膝关节Lysholm评分及IKDC评分之间的相关系数分别为-0.16、-0.17(P>0.05)。末次随访时患者关节活动度为132°±5°,3例患者轴移试验阳性(Ⅱ级),2例患者Lachman试验阳性(Ⅰ级)。结论关节镜下带线锚钉四点固定治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折疗效满意,具有微创、解剖复位、固定可靠等优点,且对骺板无明显影响。     

Clinical Results of Technique for Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hybrid Femoral Fixation and Retroscrew

Background

Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been presented as a means to more accurately restore the native anatomy of this ligament. This article describes a new method that uses a double bundle to perform ACL reconstruction and to evaluate the clinical outcome.

Methods

Grafts are tibialis anterior tendon allograft for anteromedial bundle (AMB) and hamstring tendon autograft without detachment of the tibial insertion for posterolateral bundle (PLB). This technique creates 2 tunnels in both the femur and tibia. Femoral fixation was done by hybrid fixation using Endobutton and Rigidfix for AMB and by biointerference screw for PLB. Tibial fixations are done by Retroscrew for AMB and by native insertion of hamstring tendon for PLB. Both bundles are independently and differently tensioned. We performed ACL reconstruction in 63 patients using our new technique. Among them, 47 participated in this study. The patients were followed up with clinical examination, Lysholm scales and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring system and radiological examination with a minimum 12 month follow-up duration.

Results

Significant improvement was seen on Lachman test and pivot-shift test between preoperative and last follow-up. Only one of participants had flexion contracture about 5 degrees at last follow-up. In anterior drawer test by KT-1000, authors found improvement from average 8.3 mm (range, 4 to 18 mm) preoperatively to average 1.4 mm (range, 0 to 6 mm) at last follow-up. Average Lysholm score of all patients was 72.7 ± 8.8 (range, 54 to 79) preoperatively and significant improvement was seen, score was 92.2 ± 5.3 (range, 74 to 97; p < 0.05) at last follow-up. Also IKDC score was normal in 35 cases, near normal in 11 cases, abnormal in 1 case at last follow-up.

Conclusions

Our new double bundle ACL reconstruction technique used hybrid fixation and Retroscrew had favorable outcomes.     

Medium-term results after complex intra-articular fractures of the tibial plateau

Background

To present the medium-term results of intra-articular, bicondylar AO/OTA classification type C fractures of the tibial plateau in a retrospective study at a level-1 trauma center in 22 patients with 23 fractures.

Methods

Demographic data for the patients and details of current clinical and radiological follow-up findings were obtained to assess range of motion, clinical stability and alignment of the knee, and posttraumatic arthrosis (Kellgren/Lawrence score). Functional outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form.

Results

Patients’ mean age was 46 years (range 20–67 years). Leading causes of the fractures were high-energy traffic accidents and falls. There were seven C1, seven C2, and nine C3 fractures. ORIF was performed in 20 patients; in two patients an external fixator and in one patient cannulated screws alone were used. In 13/22 patients, an angle-stable locking plate (Less Invasive Stabilization System, LISS©) was used for osteosynthesis. The mean follow-up period was 67 months (range 36–109 months). The overall complication rate was 39.1 %, including four infections and four cases of pseudarthrosis (17.4 %). The average flexion of the injured knee was significantly lower in comparison with the contralateral side (124.9° vs. 135.2°). Knee stability did not differ statistically significantly. Current radiographs revealed no signs of posttraumatic arthrosis in 30.4 % of cases, mild signs in 34.8 %, clear signs in 26.1 %, and severe signs in 13 % using the Kellgren and Lawrence scale. The average Lysholm score was 66.2 points, and the average KOOS score was 67.84. One patient was in category A, and 2 were in category B in the IKDC overall categories, whereas 5 patients were in category C and 14 were even in category D.

Conclusions

Complex articular tibial plateau fractures are associated with a high rate of complications, continue to have a severe impact on function in the injured knee, lead to early post-traumatic arthrosis, and result in long-lasting subjective symptoms for the patients.     

Implant-free press-fit fixation for bone–patellar tendon–bone ACL reconstruction: 10-year results

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction without foreign material with patellar tendon bone graft in the fixation with bone dowels near the native insertion.

Materials and methods

Between 1998 and 1999, 189 patients were operated with ACL reconstruction with BTB patellar tendon graft. In a prospective study, 148 (78%) (91M, 57F) patients could be seen for a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. All had foreign material-free press-fit and a bottom-to-top (BTT) fixation in 120° knee flexion. All patients were evaluated with detailed history, clinical examinations, radiographic examination with weight bearing which could be compared to the time of surgery in 64 (43%) patients. Laxity testing was performed in Lachman position with the Rolimeter and pivot shift. All patients were graded according to the IKDC and Tegner activity score.

Results

87% of the patients achieved an IKDC score of A/B. The subjective IKDC score was A/B in 94.6% of the subjects. The average side-to-side difference was 1.42 ± 0.88 mm for the Lachman test, 97% of the patients were rated between 0 and 2 mm. The pivot-shift test was negative in 90% and was observed with a glide in 7% of the patients. Radiological joint space narrowing was found in the medial compartment in 8 (12.4%) cases, and laterally in 9 (14.1%) cases. All these patients had partial or total meniscus resections. The patello-femoral joint space was reduced in 21 (23%) cases. The Tegner activity score changed from 6.9 pre-injury to 5.0 at the 10-year follow-up.

Conclusion

The implant-free fixation of the graft with bone dowels and BTT implantation has good and excellent results after 10 years in more than 80% of the patients. Loss of the meniscus is a main factor contributing to osteoarthritis. Advantages of patellar tendon bone press-fit fixation include anatomical positioning and fast bone-to-bone healing, ease for revision surgery and cost effectiveness.     

关节镜下两种方法治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折的疗效对比

目的比较关节镜下缝线套扎方法和可吸收带线锚钉方法治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。 方法选取2012年6月至2018年2月解放军总医院第一医学中心骨科收治的62例损伤3周以内、伤前患肢功能正常的前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者为研究对象,同时排除伴有开放性骨折、多发骨折或胫骨平台、半月板及韧带损伤的患者。根据手术方法不同将其分为两组,其中关节镜下应用缝线套扎方法治疗30例患者,关节镜下应用可吸收锚钉方法治疗32例患者。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量;通过前抽屉试验、Lachman试验(屈膝30°前抽屉试验)、轴移试验检查比较两组患者膝关节稳定性;通过Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)2000膝关节功能主观评分比较两组患者膝关节功能情况。计量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验,计数资料组间比较采用卡方检验。 结果两组患者手术切口均一期愈合,术后3个月X线检查示髁间嵴撕脱骨折均愈合。缝线套扎组随访13～42个月,平均(22±8)个月;可吸收锚钉组随访12～39个月,平均(19±7)个月。可吸收锚组手术时间低于缝线套扎组,差异有统计学意义(t＝2.491,P <0.05),两组术中出血量差异无统计学意义(t＝1.506,P>0.05)。两组患者术后6个月Lysholm评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(缝线套扎组：t＝26.265,P<0.05;可吸收锚钉组：t＝29.857,P<0.05),两组患者术后IKDC 2000膝关节功能主观评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(缝线套扎组：t＝35.619,P <0.05;可吸收锚钉组：t＝37.004,P<0.05),术后6个月两组患者膝关节前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验及Lysholm评分、IKDC 2000评分差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论关节镜下缝线套扎方法与可吸收锚钉方法治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折各有其特点,但临床治疗效果相同,均能够实现骨折块有效复位、牢固固定以及骨折愈合,有效恢复患肢功能,获得良好疗效。     

Arthroscopic fixation of avulsion fractures of the tibial eminence: technique and outcome

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review an arthroscopic technique using screw or suture fixation for repair of types II and III fractures of the tibial eminence and review patient outcomes.Type of studyRetrospective review.MethodsWe conducted a review of 17 patients with Meyers and McKeever type II or III fractures of the tibial eminence treated with arthroscopic suture or screw fixation. We reviewed records and administered a questionnaire that included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, Tegner Activity scale, and Lysholm Knee Score.ResultsFive men and 12 women comprised the study group. Average age was 26.6 years (range, 7.5 to 60.1 years). Mean follow-up time was 32.6 months (range, 14 to 51 months). The study included 8 type II and 9 type III fractures. At follow-up evaluation, the mean Tegner score was 6.35 and mean Lysholm score was 94.2. In general, the best outcomes were seen in younger patients. For continuous age, significant differences were found for the IKDC functional scores, symptom scores, and IKDC final scores. For categorical age, younger patients had significantly better scores for the IKDC function and final scores. No significant differences were seen in outcomes with regard to fixation type. In 10 cases the intermeniscal ligament was interposed between the avulsed fracture and the tibia and was retracted or resected to allow fracture reduction. No significant differences were seen in the outcomes of these patients.ConclusionsWe found that displaced tibial eminence fractures could be successfully treated in both younger and older patients using arthroscopic suture or screw fixation, with most patients returning to their previous activity levels. The interposed intermeniscal ligament must be retracted or resected to allow for anatomic fracture reduction.Level of evidenceLevel III, Case Series.     

Comparison of outcome after ACL reconstruction in terms of subjective assessment of symptoms and function and clinical assessment of ligament stability

Background

The knee joint is frequently involved in sports and other injuries with Anterior cruciate ligament being a very common ligament to be injured. The Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and instrumented knee laxity examination are frequently used and reported for evaluation of ACL reconstruction. The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the relationships between the clinical assessment of ligament stability and subjective assessment of symptoms and function after ACL reconstruction.

Short term results of anterior cruciate ligament augmentation in professional and amateur athletes

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a widely accepted procedure; however, controversies exist about ACL augmentation. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of ACL augmentation in professional and amateur athletes with isolated single bundle ACL tears.

Materials and methods

A consecutive series of professional and amateur athletes with partial ACL tears who underwent selective bundle reconstruction were analyzed. Stability was assessed with the Lachman test, anterior-drawer test, pivot-shift test and KT-1000 arthrometer. Functional assessment was performed using the subjective Lysholm questionnaire.

Results

Fifty-six patients were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 19.3 months. All patients had posterolateral bundle (PLB) tears, and no anteromedial bundle (AMB) tears were found. The Lysholm score improved significantly from 78 (SD = 2.69) preoperatively to 96 (SD = 3.41) postoperatively (P value <0.0001). The pivot-shift test, Lachman test and anterior-drawer test results were negative in all cases postoperatively. Anterior tibial translation from neutral was 4.9 mm (SD = 2.7) preoperatively, and decreased significantly to 2.1 (SD = 0.6) postoperatively, measured with a KT-1000 arthrometer (P value <0.00001).

Conclusion

In this study, we showed that ACL augmentation had good results in symptomatic professional and amateur athletes, and although further studies are needed to investigate long-term results, we recommend this surgery for all symptomatic athletic patients, especially those who would like to maintain an active lifestyle. Level of evidence IV.

     

Combined medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy and modified Maquet procedure for medial compartmental osteoarthritis and patellofemoral arthritis of the knee

Purpose

Patellofemoral arthritis comes frequently with medial compartmental osteoarthritis. The combination of closed wedge high tibial osteotomy with tibial tuberosity anteriorization osteotomy has been introduced in several reports, but this technique is a technically demanding procedure and the outcomes of this technique show variable results. This article describes a novel osteotomy technique that combines medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and tibial tuberosity anteriorization osteotomy (TTAO) for medial compartmental osteoarthritis and patellofemoral arthritis of the knee.

Methods

Twelve knees in 10 patients who were diagnosed with combined medial compartmental osteoarthritis with patellofemoral compartmental arthritis were treated with the combination of medial open-wedge HTO and TTAO and were followed up for more than 1 year. We evaluated the patients with the Lysholm functional questionnaires, the hospital for special surgery score (HSS), and the international knee documentation committee (IKDC) criteria (mean follow-up, 14.8 months).

Results

Union was achieved in all cases within 12 weeks. The mean Lysholm score increased from 42 preoperatively to 82.5 postoperatively (p < 0.001), the HSS increased from 57.5 preoperatively to 83 postoperatively (p < 0.001), and the IKDC score increased from 51 preoperatively to 82 postoperatively (p < 0.001). There were no other complications, such as iatrogenic fractures, nonunion, wound problem, collapse or loss of correction, and so on.

Conclusions

The combination of medial open-wedge HTO and modified Maquet procedure (TTAO) is considered to be an effective treatment modality for medial and patellofemoral compartmental osteoarthritis. This technique could, therefore, constantly provide a minimally invasive, precise correction of the deformity and a firm fixation that is enough to allow early rehabilitation.     

Return to play following ACL reconstruction: survey among experienced arthroscopic surgeons (AGA instructors)

Purpose

There is a lack of consensus regarding appropriate criteria attesting patient’s unrestricted sports activities after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to perform a survey among experienced arthroscopic surgeons regarding their return to play guidelines in these patients.

Methods

A six-item questionnaire was distributed among experienced arthroscopic surgeons (instructors of the German speaking society of arthroscopy, AGA). Study participants were asked to choose from multiple choice answers and had the possibility answering in an open discussion field.

Results

The response rate of the survey was 85.7 %. A total of 83.5 % used autologous hamstring grafts for ACL reconstruction in athletes followed by BPTB (37.2 %) and quadriceps tendon graft (12 %). Approximately 63.5 % recommended a time point later than 6 months allowing return to play after ACL reconstruction in the athlete (after 4 and 6 months 2.3 and 35.3 %, respectively). 76.6 % recommended starting with sports specific rehabilitation after 4 months (21.6 % after 6 months). The most frequent criterion (multiple answers) to allow return to play was negative Lachman test (81.7 % positive answers) followed by free range of motion (78.4 %), negative pivot shift (60.1 %), anterior drawer (45.4 %), proprioception test (43.1 %), muscular strength analysis (40.8 %), single-leg hop jump test (39.0 %), KT 1000 measurement (16.1 %), and MRI (4.1 %). Of the surgeons 85.8 % did not use any of the given scores as criterion to allow return to competitive sports (subjective IKDC score 10.6 %, Lysholm score 8.3 %, objective IKDC score 7.4 %, Tegner activity scale 3.7 %).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the majority of surgeons do not consider muscle function, jump tests, alignment tests, and proprioception as relevant return to sports criterion. However, these are two crucial parameters for return to sports.     

Laxity and functional outcome after arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of displaced tibial spine fractures in children

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate laxity and functional outcome of displaced tibial spine fractures in skeletally immature patients treated with arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation. Type of Study: Retrospective case series. Methods: Six patients (mean age, 12.0 years old) underwent subjective, objective, and instrumented knee laxity assessment at minimum 2 years (mean, 3.2 years) of follow-up time after arthroscopic reduction and 3.5-mm cannulated screw fixation of (Meyers and McKeever type III) tibial spine fractures. Results: Physical examination showed persistent laxity, with an abnormal Lachman examination in 5 of 6 patients and an abnormal pivot-shift examination in 2 of 6 patients. Instrumented knee laxity (KT-1000) showed greater than 3-mm manual-maximum side-to-side difference in 4 of 6 patients. Functional assessment revealed excellent function, with a mean Lysholm score of 99.5 (range, 98–100), mean Marshall score of 49.0 (range, 47–50), and mean Tegner score of 8.7 (range, 7–9). Conclusions: Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of type III tibial spine fractures in skeletally immature patients results in persistent laxity but excellent functional outcome.     

A comparison of the anteromedial and transtibial drilling technique in ACL reconstruction after a short-term follow-up

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with anteromedial portal (AMP) and transtibial (TT) techniques.

Materials and methods

Arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction was performed using AMP technique in 34 patients and TT technique in 30 patients. The patients were evaluated retrospectively. Aperture fixation was used for femoral fixation, and absorbable screws and U staples were used for tibial fixation of the graft. Pivot shift test, Lachman test, Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC-2000) scoring systems were used in the clinical and functional evaluation of patients before and after the surgery. Time to return sports and activity level were assessed. In the radiological evaluation of non-anatomic bone tunnel placement, the criteria developed by lllingworth et al. were used. The mean duration of follow-up was 20.4 and 24.6 months in the AMP and TT groups, respectively.

Results

There was a significant difference between the AMP group (86.7 %) and the TT (14.7 %) group in terms of anatomical placement of the femoral tunnels and grafts (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the Pivot shift test, Lachman test, Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores, and activity level (p > 0.05). The patients in the AMP group returned to sports 1.5 months earlier on average (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

It was shown that AMP technique was superior to the TT technique in providing anatomical placement of the graft and in recovery time to return sports; however, there was no difference between groups in early periods in terms of the clinical and functional outcomes.     

An extra-articular procedure improves the clinical outcome in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings in female athletes

Purpose

A positive glide is a common finding after ACL reconstructions, especially in women. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the role of Cocker-Arnold’s extra-articular procedure in reducing the incidence of a residual postoperative rotational knee laxity.

Methods

Sixty patients affected by an ACL injury with a +2 (clunk) or +3 (gross shift) pivot-shift test entered this prospective study; they were randomly assigned to group A (control group, hamstrings) or group B (study group, hamstrings plus Cocker-Arnold). Thirty-two patients entered group A and 28 group B. At follow-up, patients underwent clinical evaluation, KT-1000 arthrometer and Lysholm, Tegner, VAS and subjective and objective IKDC form.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 44.6 months, the same expert surgeon reviewed 55 patients (28 group A and 27 group B). The comparison of the results of the evaluation scales used and of the KT-1000 arthrometer did not show statistically significant differences (p?>?0.05). Lachman test was negative (S/S) in all the patients of both groups (100 %). A residual positive pivot-shift (glide) was found in 16 patients (57.1 %) of group A and in five patients (18.6 %) of group B (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions

The extra-articular MacIntosh procedure modified by Cocker-Arnold in combination with ACL reconstruction significantly reduces the rotational instability of the knee.     

关节镜下单通道双线技术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下单通道双线技术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2020年4月,收治22例胫骨髁间棘骨折患者,男14例,女8例;年龄26~45(34.8±5.9)岁;手术时间为受伤后5~15(11.2±4.1) d。所有患者给予关节镜下骨块复位和单通道双线技术固定。术后根据X线片评估骨折愈合情况,术前及末次随访采用Lysholm评分、IKDC 2000评分和抽屉试验进行临床疗效评价。结果:22例患者全部获得随访,时间12~75(34.6±13.0)个月。Lysholm评分术前(30.80±9.55)分,末次随访(89.60±2.89)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.67,P<0.01);IKDC 2000术前(24.60±7.21)分,末次随访(80.00±6.17)分,差异有统计学意义(t=11.41,P<0.01)。1例患者抽屉试验为弱阳性。结论:单通道双线技术可实现对髁间棘撕脱骨块的有效固定,操作简便、创伤小,适用于各种类型的髁间棘撕脱骨折。目的:探讨关节镜下单通道双线技术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2020年4月,收治22例胫骨髁间棘骨折患者,男14例,女8例;年龄26~45(34.8±5.9)岁;手术时间为受伤后5~15(11.2±4.1) d。所有患者给予关节镜下骨块复位和单通道双线技术固定。术后根据X线片评估骨折愈合情况,术前及末次随访采用Lysholm评分、IKDC 2000评分和抽屉试验进行临床疗效评价。结果:22例患者全部获得随访,时间12~75(34.6±13.0)个月。Lysholm评分术前(30.80±9.55)分,末次随访(89.60±2.89)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.67,P<0.01);IKDC 2000术前(24.60±7.21)分,末次随访(80.00±6.17)分,差异有统计学意义(t=11.41,P<0.01)。1例患者抽屉试验为弱阳性。结论:单通道双线技术可实现对髁间棘撕脱骨块的有效固定,操作简便、创伤小,适用于各种类型的髁间棘撕脱骨折。     

关节镜辅助下Orthocord线捆扎治疗青少年髁间棘撕脱骨折

目的：探讨关节镜辅助下采用Orthocord线捆扎治疗青少年髁间棘撕脱骨折的方法和疗效。方法2013年1月至2014年1月,本科室收治青少年髁间棘撕脱骨折共25例,均采用在关节镜下先清理骨折残端后Orthocord线捆扎复位固定骨折,术后采用前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、Lysholm评分等评价治疗效果。结果术后随访共24例,随访时间12个月,术后3、6、12个月前抽屉试验和Lachman试验均为阴性,且Lysholm膝关节评分分别为(85.00±2.20)分、(89.25±4.11)分和(97.25±2.83)分。所有患者膝关节功能恢复良好。结论关节镜辅助下Orthocord线捆扎的方法固定髁间棘撕脱骨折,固定牢固,效果肯定,是一种安全、有效的治疗青少年髁间棘撕脱骨折的方法。     

Revision of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon allograft and autograft: 2- and 5-year results

Introduction

The most common failure reasons of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft are incorrect positioning of the drill channels and insufficient fixation. In many cases, one-stage revision with patellar tendon graft and the appropriate corrections are possible. For previous use of the ipsilateral patellar tendon third, an allograft seems favorable for reconstruction. So far, no study compared the results of revision surgery of autologous versus allogenous patellar tendon grafts for revision surgery of the ACL in a 5-year follow-up.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical outcome and stability results 2?years (19.2?±?5.8?months) and 5?years (68.8?±?6.8?months) after revision of ACL reconstruction using middle-third patellar tendon allografts and autografts. The allografts were cleansed by mechanical means only. There were 15 patients in the allograft group and 14 in the autograft group. Patients with isolated re-rupture of the ACL graft were included in the study. Clinical results were evaluated by International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 forms (IKDC), Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, and visual analog scale. Stability was evaluated by means of KT-1000 arthrometer, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test. Location of drill holes was evaluated radiologically. Gonarthritis was graded according to Kellgren and Lawrence on the basis of radiographs.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups in anterior translation, manual examination for stability, IKDC 2000 findings, Tegner activity score, or Lysholm score. Extension deficits were more frequent in the autograft group at the first follow-up (P?=?0.010). Lateral gonarthritis and femoral tunnel widening were more common in the allograft group at the second follow-up (P?=?0.049 and P?=?0.023, respectively). Pain on walking downhill was significantly more frequent in the allograft group at the second follow-up (P?=?0.027).

Conclusions

The functional results with allografts that had not undergone irradiation or chemical sterilization were comparable to those with autografts in ACL revision surgery. Allografts represent a good alternative to autogenous patellar tendons in revision surgery.     

关节镜下复位可吸收空心钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折

目的探讨膝关节镜下复位可吸收空心钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折的方法及临床效果。方法自2009-04—2013-04,共诊治21例胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折,关节镜下骨折块复位后,采用1或2枚可吸收空心钉内固定。结果术后切口均一期愈合,无膝关节感染、神经血管损伤及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。术后均获随访12-18个月,平均13.4个月。术后3个月2例出现膝关节僵硬,屈伸受限,予麻醉下推拿松解后恢复至屈伸5°-110°。术后1年Lachman试验、前抽屉试验均为阴性。X线片及MR示：骨折对位愈合良好。末次随访时Lysholm评分为（91.67±0.76）分,IKDC评分为（96.13±0.87）分,均较术前显著提高,差异有统计学意义（t=53.130,P〈0.001;t=105.236,P〈0.001）。患者均恢复正常运动及生活能力。结论膝关节镜下复位可吸收空心钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折具有微创、痛苦小、内固定相对牢固、操作简便、便于早期功能锻炼、术后关节功能恢复好等优点,临床效果良好。     

Long-term outcomes following single-bundle transtibial arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Purpose

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury has a reported incidence of 3–20 %. PCL reconstruction is aimed at reducing onset of premature articular degeneration and improving function. Numerous operative techniques have been described with varying degrees of result consistency.

Methods

We evaluated 15 patients treated for isolated primary posterior cruciate ligament injury with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (range one to nine). Post-reconstruction clinical assessment included the Lysholm and Tegner knee scoring scale, international knee documentation committee (IKDC) ligament evaluation, and KT2000 arthrometer assessment.

Results

On the Lysholm knee score 11 patients (73 %) had excellent results, three patients (20 %) had good results and one patient (7 %) had a poor result. On the Tegner activity score the majority of patients scored 7–8 with a return to high level sports. At the final follow-up, the post-reconstruction IKDC score was normal or nearly normal (A and B) in 14 (93 %) patients, and abnormal (C) in one (7 %) patient. According to KT-2000 arthrometer measurements at final follow-up review, 11 patients (73 %) were rated as normal (A, 0–2 mm), and four patients (27 %) as nearly normal (B, 3–5 mm). These results were independent of age, mechanism of injury, time elapsed to surgical reconstruction, and length of follow-up.

Conclusions

Despite being a technically demanding procedure, the outcomes reported in this study show that single bundle transtibial arthroscopic PCL repair using four strands hamstring autograft provides satisfactory and consistent functional outcomes.     

Long-term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comparison with non-operative treatment with a follow-up of 17–20 years

Purpose

The aim of our study was to review the clinical and radiological outcome of patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in comparison to a group of non-operatively treated patients.

Methods

In a retrospective study we compared ACL reconstruction using a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft with a non-operatively treated group of patients 17–20 years later. Fifty-four patients that met the inclusion criteria, with arthroscopically proven ACL rupture, were treated between 1989 and 1991. Thirty-three patients underwent ACL reconstruction, forming group one. Eighteen non-reconstructed patients continued with rehabilitation and modification of activities (group two). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective evaluation forms and the Lysholm and Tegner scale were used to assess the knees at follow-up. Radiographic assessment was performed using the IKDC grading scale.

Results

Follow-up results showed that 83% of reconstructed patients had stable knees and normal or nearly normal IKDC grade. Patients in the non-reconstructed group had unstable knees with 84% having abnormal or severe laxity. The subjective IKDC score was significantly in favour of group one: 83.15 compared to 64.6 in group two. The Lysholm and Tegner score was also significantly better in group one. Conservatively treated patients all had unstable knees and worse scores. The rate of osteoarthritis showed more severe changes in non-reconstructed patients with additional meniscus injury.

Conclusions

We can conclude that 94% of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction had stable knees after 15–20 years and there was a significantly lower percentage of osteoarthritis in comparison to conservatively treated patients.