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消能工的风险及经济分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从经济、风险两方面论证了降低消能设施的泄洪标准后,可以取得显著的经济效益。已建工程多年来的运行经验证明了相应的破坏风险是完全可以为工程所接受的。由此,泄洪建筑物消能防冲设施的泄洪标准的降低,对节约工程投资,加速水电工程建设有较大的意义。 相似文献
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开敞式溢洪道泄洪风险计算 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
泄洪建筑物水力风险的计算在世界水利界是一个新的有意义的课题。按国际安全度联合委员会(JCSS)建议的JC法进行水力风险计算,比目前水力风险计算中采用的积分法简便、实用,该法更适用于多个随机变量。 近代水利工程的设计不再仅仅是安全和经济的平衡,而是安全,经济和风险三位一体的产物。溢洪道设计标准的选择直接关系大坝的安全与投资。根据我们的调查,我国相当一部分大中型工程的洪水设计标准都多取水利电力部1978年颁发试行的设计标准的上 相似文献
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基于随机模拟的水库泄洪风险分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在对水库泄洪过程中的风险因子进行识别的基础上,采用方差分析的方法选择主要风险因子并建立了水库泄洪风险随机模拟模型。实例应用表明,该模型能够有效地辨识出影响水库泄洪的主要风险因子,得出的水库泄洪风险参数能够代表整个调洪计算过程中的主要不确定性。 相似文献
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用蒙特卡罗法进行泄洪风险分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以吉林台水电站为例,运用蒙特卡罗法计算了考虑洪水过程中洪峰位置不同时的泄洪风险,对洪峰位置靠前和洪峰位置靠后的洪水过程的泄洪风险分别进行了计算,结果表明后者的风险值大于前者,这说明洪水过程中洪峰位置的不确定性对泄洪风险的影响是不可忽略的。 相似文献
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高坝泄洪安全关键技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我国位于狭窄河谷的大型水利水电工程在泄洪方面的主要特点是高水头、大流量、大泄洪功率,泄洪安全问题十分突出.文中总结并探讨了我国在高坝泄洪消能防护、泄洪振动控制、泄洪雾化防护、掺气减蚀、泄洪安全预警等方面技术的主要研究进展,提出了提高有关泄洪安全性的技术途径,可供有关工程设计和研究参考. 相似文献
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白莲崖水库是安徽省首座超百米的碾压混凝土高坝,枢纽布置采用中底孔联合泄洪,泄洪建筑物具有工作水头高、相互干扰等特点,设计难度较大.文中介绍白莲崖水库整体模型试验、减压试验、掺气减蚀试验前后近十年研究工作的主要成果和泄洪建筑物平面布置、体型细部尺寸优化的过程. 相似文献
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通过对黄土高塬多沙粗沙区涉及较多的黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄土高塬沟壑区几条典型小流域和现有治理模式的调查分析,初步确定了多少粗沙区两个主要侵蚀类型区的水土保持措施组合方案。结果表明,黄土丘陵沟壑区第1副区和第2副区各水土保持措施面积占总措施面积的百分比:水平梯田18%-25%,人工造林45%-55%,人工种草20%-25%,坝地5.5%-7.5%,水地0.5%-2.7%,黄土高塬沟壑区北部和南部则分别为基本农田38%-50%、25%-38%,水保林43%-53%、33%-43%,经济林4%-15%、15%-25%,种草2%-6%、6%-20%. 相似文献
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John Korstad 《Journal of Great Lakes research》1983,9(3):374-388
Rates of nutrient regeneration by zooplankton (μmol/mg dry wt/hr) in southern Lake Huron from April to August 1975 ranged from undetectable to 2.6 for total phosphorus (TP), undetectable to 0.8 for total soluble phosphorus (TSP), undetectable to 0.12 for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), undetectable to 0.97 for ammonia (NH3), undetectable to 3.8 for nitrate plus nitrite (NO3 + NO2), and undetectable to 2.9 for silica (SiO2). Two diel experiments were conducted. Times of highest rates of regeneration varied for the different nutrients on these dates. Using the average concentration of zooplankton in the surface waters during this study, the calculated average concentration of nutrients regenerated by zooplankton was 0.012 μmol P/L/ hr for TP, 0.0046 μmol P/L/ hr for TSP, 0.0016 μmol P/L/ hr for SRP, 0.0146 μmol N/L/ hr for NH3, 0.043 μmol N/L/ hr for NO3 + NO2, and 0.058 μmol Si/L/ hr for SiO2. The contribution of nutrient regeneration by zooplankton to the turnover time of the various nutrients in the surface waters was calculated to be 212 hr for TP, 239 hr for TSP, 69 hr for SRP, 62 hr for NH3, 505 hr for NO3 + NO2, and 531 hr for SiO2. Although the turnover time for most of these nutrients is fairly slow, the nutrient pools for SRP and NH3 are replenished in less than 70 hr by nutrient regeneration. Zooplankton therefore appear to play a significant role in the cycling of SRP and NH3 in southern Lake Huron. 相似文献
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编制采砂可行性论证报告的几点认识 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采砂可行性论证是采砂审批许可的重要依据。根据目前采砂可行性论证报告编制的依据与适用范围以及编制的主要内容,结合多年编制采砂可行性论证报告的工作经验,阐述了对采砂可行性论证报告编制的重点和难点的几点认识,并建议研究出台采砂可行性论证报告编制的水利技术标准,以更好规范和指导采砂可行性论证的编制工作。 相似文献
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张绍山 《水利水电科技进展》2006,26(3):1-6
对我国水工程移民经济补偿政策发展进行了历史性的回顾;剖析了当前水工程建设征地补偿和移民安置中经济补偿存在的主要问题:土地产权制度问题,土地补偿补助标准测算缺陷问题,工程建设中征地行为不规范问题,征地补助费偏低问题,移民安置规划审批需要改革的问题,国家经济体制和经济建设新形势下移民安置中的新问题;对今后移民经济补偿机制的改革提出了建议:进一步完善征用土地补偿制度,提高征地补偿补助标准,高度重视移民前期工作,强调地方人民政府是移民安置的责任主体,保护移民的参与权与申诉权,制定《中华人民共和国非自愿移民法》。 相似文献
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介绍了建立水电站水情长期数值预报的思路和方法,应用该方法并根据气候特点对湖南南部的欧阳海水电站和双牌水电站作了水情的长期预报.从年平均流量、4~6月总流量及7~9月总流量这3个主要项目来看,欧阳海水电站的预报效果较好,双牌水电站的年平均流量和4~6月总流量预报效果也较好,而7~9月的预报效果差.另外,研究发现,这两个水电站的水情有着密切的关系,这一关系在预报中可以用来参照验证. 相似文献
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Dam removal is often implemented without adequate baseline monitoring to distinguish background variability from channel changes due to the removal. This study evaluated aerial photos as substitutes for multiple‐year pre‐removal field data to assess downstream channel changes associated with a small dam removal. The Brownsville Dam, a 2.1 m tall concrete dam on the Calapooia River, Oregon, was removed in 2007. We mapped bars and the low flow channel downstream from the dam and in an upstream control reach using aerial photos (1994–2008) and in the field prior to (2007) and following (2008) removal. The locations and magnitudes of changes in bar area and wetted width, relative to errors, indicate that downstream channel changes were a result of the removal. The maximum changes (?3520 ± 1460 m2 for bar area, 32 ± 8 m for wetted width) observed prior to dam removal with aerial photos were far downstream. In contrast, the maximum changes after removal were immediately below the dam (200 ± 90 m2 for bar area, ?11 ± 3 m for wetted width), and small in the upstream control (?150 ± 130 m2 for bar area, 9 ± 4 m for wetted width). The dominant errors were photo specific: exposure error for spring to summer comparisons, position error for photos not processed for this study and identification error for small scale photos not scanned from film. We found aerial photos to be an acceptable but coarse substitute for multi‐year pre‐removal field data, and suggest best practices to minimize errors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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如何提升抢险救援能力建设,是水电部队转型后最为迫切的课题,厘清抢险救援的核心能力是解决问题的关键之一。论证了专业技术能力是抢险救援专业部队的核心能力,是加快转变抢险救援战斗力生成模式的关键。提出深化思想认识、建立抢险救援技术体系、加强科技人才队伍建设等六个加强专业技术能力建设的举措,防范专业技术能力弱化或虚化,开拓有水电部队特色的专业技术能力生成之路,确保部队抢险救援"能打仗、打胜仗"。 相似文献
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Fishing community preferences and willingness to pay for alternative developments of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) for Lake Naivasha,Kenya 下载免费PDF全文
Dawit W. Mulatu Pieter R. van Oel Vincent Odongo Anne van der Veen 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2018,23(3):190-203
Ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) is an important complement to existing fisheries management approaches to maintain ecosystem health and function; to translate goals and aspirations for sustainability into operational objectives, the preferences of the fishing communities should be considered for successful implementation of EBFM. This study analysed the preferences of the fishing community for alternative EBFM developments for Lake Naivasha, Kenya, and estimated the willingness to pay, using a choice experiment approach. Protection of fish breeding grounds, improving tilapia fish abundance and accessibility of fishing zones were identified as relevant EBFM attributes for the choice experiment. A monetary attribute (payment for fishing permit) was also included. In addition to a conditional logit model, mixed logit models are estimated to account for heterogeneity in preferences. This study results indicated fishing communities are most concerned about tilapia fish abundance and protection of fish breeding grounds. The welfare measures reveal that members of the Lake Naivasha fishing community are willing to pay a considerable sum of money for ecosystem services improvement, relative to their low income derived from fishing. These study findings highlighted that evaluating the preferences of the fishing community and valuing the fishery at an ecosystem level are vital to prioritize and choose between alternative interventions for sound implementation of EBFM. 相似文献