单亲家庭小学生自我意识、社会期望和社交焦虑的相关性

目的:探讨单亲家庭小学生的社交焦虑水平在其自我意识与社会期望之间的相关关系。方法:2018年9月-2018年12月在上海某区5所小学进行问卷调查,筛选单亲家庭157名2～5年级小学生,采用儿童社交焦虑量表、儿童社会期望量表和儿童自我意识量表进行评定,并进行相关分析与中介效应分析。结果:(1)不同学校小学生在三方面的程度上有显著差异(χ~2=14.826,19.443,31.035;P0.05);性别对自我意识程度高低有显著性差异(χ~2=6.392,P0.05),且焦虑因子得分差异有显著性(t=2.783,P0.05);是否独子在社交焦虑程度(χ~2=6.225,P0.05)及得分(t=2.133,P0.05)上均有显著性差异;(2)自我意识各维度与儿童社交焦虑(r=-0.504,P0.01)及各因子(r=-0.486,-0.236;P0.01)均呈显著负相关;儿童社会期望与儿童社交焦虑(r=-0.340,P0.01)及各因子呈显著负相关(r=-0.293,-0.179;P0.05),与自我意识除躯体外貌与属性因子外均呈显著正相关(P0.05);(3)多元逐步线性回归分析显示儿童社交焦虑和儿童自我意识合群因子是儿童社会期望的影响因素(P0.01);社会期望在合群和社交焦虑之间起部分中介效应。结论:单亲家庭小学生自我意识、社会期望和社交焦虑的关系密切,社会期望受合群因子、社交焦虑的影响。     

不同社交地位初中生的社交焦虑特点

目的:探讨不同社交地位初中生社交焦虑的特点.方法:采用量表法和同伴提名法对347名初中生进行了调查,以收集他们的社交焦虑和社交地位方面的数据.结果:修订后的"儿童社交焦虑量表"有良好的信效度,可以作为测量青少年被试的有效工具;总体上看,社交地位对社交焦虑水平有影响,被拒绝组比受欢迎组和普通组体验到更高的社交焦虑;被拒绝的青少年更担心来自于别人的否定评价,这种焦虑主要是"指向外部的";而被忽视的青少年的焦虑表现是社交回避与苦恼,这种焦虑主要是"指向内部的".结论:不同社交地位青少年的社交焦虑有显著差异.     

4～6年级小学生自尊、社交焦虑与孤独感的关系

目的:研究4~6年级小学生自尊、社交焦虑与孤独感的关系。方法:采用整群抽样的方法对四川省某城镇小学4~6年级385名在校学生实施问卷调查,采用自尊量表(SES)、儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)、儿童孤独量表(CLS)对小学生进行问卷调查。结果:1儿童的孤独感与社交焦虑及两因子呈显著正相关(r=0.481,0.400,0.378;P均0.01),与自尊水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.400,P0.01);2自尊在害怕否定评价和孤独感间起到了中介调节作用。结论:自尊可以部分调节4~6年级小学生在体验到社交焦虑时产生孤独感后的负性影响。     

儿童社交自我知觉与抑郁感的关系：拒绝敏感性的中介作用与情绪调节能力的调节作用

目的:探讨儿童社交自我知觉对抑郁感的影响过程中拒绝敏感性和情绪调节能力扮演的角色。方法:采用自我报告的方式调查了643名4年级至7年级儿童,运用儿童自我知觉量表、儿童抑郁量表、儿童拒绝敏感性问卷以及自我调节量表进行施测。结果:①儿童的社交自我知觉可以负向预测拒绝敏感性;②拒绝敏感性在社交自我知觉与抑郁感之间起部分中介作用;③情绪调节能力调节了社交自我知觉通过拒绝敏感性影响抑郁感过程的后半路径,即在情绪调节能力较差的儿童中,拒绝敏感性能够显著正向预测抑郁感,而在情绪调节能力较好的儿童中,这一预测作用不再显著。结论:社交自我知觉通过拒绝敏感性影响抑郁感,并且这一过程的后半路径受到情绪调节能力的调节,研究结果可为儿童社交自我知觉影响抑郁感背后的形成过程提供新的解释,具有重要的启示意义。     

父母冲突和儿童社交焦虑:情绪安全感的中介作用

目的:以情绪安全感理论为依据,探索父母冲突、儿童情绪安全感与社交焦虑间的相关关系及作用机制。方法:采用儿童知觉父母冲突量表、情绪安全感量表和儿童社交焦虑量表对两所小学三至六年级学生进行问卷调查。结果:(1)农村儿童和城市儿童在冲突频率和冲突强度上存在显著差异(t=-2.24,-2.85;P0.05);经检验,在情绪安全感方面也存在显著差异(t=-3.67,-2.94,-2.76;P0.01),农村儿童感知到更高的情绪不安全感;(2)父母冲突水平、儿童的情绪安全感和社交焦虑水平三者在调查样本范围内呈显著的正相关关系;(3)情绪安全感在父母冲突和儿童社交焦虑水平之间起着部分中介作用,部分中介效应值为49.79%。结论:父母冲突不仅对儿童的社交焦虑产生直接影响,而且通过情绪安全感这个中介变量间接影响社交焦虑。     

中学生社交焦虑与自我意识的相关研究

目的 了解当代中学生的社交焦虑和自我意识状况及社交焦虑和自我意识的相关性.方法 选用La Greca等编制的儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表对206名中学生进行调查研究.结果 ①中学生组在SASC得分中显著高于中国常模(t=10.704,P<0.001);在Piers-Harris...     

北京市西城区两所小学4～6年级学生社交焦虑现状

目的:探索北京市四到六年级小学生社交焦虑的现状特点,为后续开展心理健康教育工作提供参考依据和数据支持.方法:抽取北京市两所公立小学四到六年级小学生共213名作为研究对象,运用儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)进行调查.结果:①213名四到六年级小学生中,高社交焦虑小学生占总调查人数的27.23％,社交焦虑水平总体较高;②在所...     

中职生人际信任、社交焦虑现状及其关系

目的探讨中职生人际信任与社交焦虑现状及其关系。方法用人际信任量表(ITS)和社交焦虑量表(IAS)调查了南京江宁中等专业学校392名中职生。结果中职生的社交焦虑得分为(43.52±8.40),高于常模,总体上较为严重;人际信任得分(80.79±8.28),中等偏上。其中中二年级的人际信任水平最高;中一年级的社交焦虑显著高于其他年级,中职女生、非班干部的社交焦虑情况相对严重。结论提高人际信任水平有助于缓解社交焦虑,而降低社交焦虑也能提高人际信任水平。     

3～6岁幼儿社交地位与问题行为的关系

目的:探讨3～6岁幼儿社交地位特点及与其问题行为的关系。方法:采用社会测量法和问卷法对100名3～6岁幼儿的社交地位与问题行为进行评定。结果:3～6岁幼儿的社交地位已经可以明确区分出受欢迎型、受拒绝型、一般型、矛盾型四种类型,27%的幼儿社交地位还不确定;受欢迎型幼儿的品行问题得分(0.34±0.26)显著低于受拒绝型(0.91±0.55)和其它型幼儿,受拒绝型幼儿的多动指数得分(1.07±0.52)显著高于受欢迎型幼儿(0.51±0.38),不同社交地位幼儿在多动行为和不注意.被动方面上的得分没有显著差异。结论:3～6岁幼儿社交地位的社交地位具有初步的典型性;在幼儿阶段也同样存在着社交地位与问题行为之间的关联性。     

留守儿童的孤独感与友谊质量及社交地位的关系

目的:考察留守儿童的孤独感与友谊质量及社交地位的关系.方法:采用友谊质量问卷(FQQ)、同伴关系提名和儿童孤独感量表(CLS)对268名留守儿童和228名非留守儿童进行调查.结果:①留守儿童组的孤独感显著高于非留守儿童组;②留守儿童的孤独感与友谊质量的冲突与背叛因子显著正相关,与其它友谊质量因子显著负相关;孤独感与同伴积极提名显著负相关,与社会偏爱分数和社会影响力分数显著负相关;③高孤独感组在友谊质量的帮助与指导、肯定与关心、亲密袒露与交流、冲突解决策略等因子得分显著低于低孤独感组;冲突与背叛因子得分显著高于低孤独感组;④不同社交地位留守儿童的孤独感比较发现,受欢迎组的孤独感显著低于被拒绝组(P=0.034)和被忽视组(P=0.005);⑤友谊质量和社交地位对留守儿童孤独感的回归分析显示,友谊质量的“亲密袒露与交流”因子负向预测孤独感,同伴接受性正向预测孤独感.结论:与非留守儿童相比,留守儿童孤独感明显偏高;留守儿童的友谊质量及社交地位与其孤独感密切相关.高孤独感的留守儿童与同伴之间的情感联系少并处于不利的社交地位.     

社会支持与社会功能及其影响因素的人群研究

目的 :研究社会支持、社会功能对人群的影响。方法 :以简阳市某厂 1160名职工为研究对象 ,用社会支持评定量表及 WHO制定的社会功能缺陷筛选量表作问卷调查 ,并对结果作多元线性回归分析。结果 :男性的社会功能缺陷高于女性。生活事件、SCL - 90阳性均分与社会功能缺陷呈正相关 ,年龄、社会支持与社会功能缺陷呈负相关 ;年龄、婚姻状况、工作性质、 SCL - 90阳性均分与社会支持呈负相关。结论 :婚姻状况对社会支持影响较大 ;生活事件是社会功能的主要影响因素 ;社会支持可减轻社会功能缺陷的程度。     

Social genetics

Most behavior is expressed within social systems, and the genetic analysis of its variance therefore presents theoretical and technical problems that have been sidestepped in most previous research. The dog presents obvious advantages for studying behavioral interactions between genotypes. Two sets of data are summarized that indicate that the magnitude of genetic differences is related to the differentiation of social roles in a competitive situation, whereas similarity of genotypes is an advantage in a situation demanding coordinated activity. Issues concerning the use of correlational techniques to study social behavior are raised.Presidential address to the Behavior Genetics Association on the occasion of the Sixth Annual Meeting, Boulder, Colorado, June 17–19, 1976.     

大学生网络社会支持和现实社会支持的关系研究

目的探讨网络社会支持和现实社会支持的关系问题。方法采用网络社会支持量表和现实社会支持量表对陕西某高校404名大学生进行问卷调查。结果①专业、性别和年级在网络社会支持各因子上主效应显著(分别为t=2.671,P<0.01;t=-2.222,P<0.05;F=6.172,P<0.001);②网络社会支持和现实社会支持存在显著的相关关系;进一步回归分析表明,网络社会支持在一定程度上可以预测现实社会支持(R2=0.015,F=0.6088,P<0.05)。结论大学生网络社会支持可以预测现实社会支持。     

Social Determinants of Experienced Anger

We investigated two social determinants (i.e., availability of social support and status differentials of the provocateur) for the degree of perceived anger in two populations. Because no suitable tool was available, the conceptual and psychometric development and validation of a new vignette-based measure for anger level (STandardized Experience of Anger Measure, STEAM) is described first. Two versions of STEAM were developed: one for students and one for community-living adults. Through a series of four studies, two sets of a 12-item vignette-based questionnaire were developed and validated. The resulting test had excellent test–retest stability and high internal consistency. Using the new STEAM measure, a variety of analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized influence of social determinants of anger. In the student sample, presence of social support was associated with lessened anger, and in both samples decreasing status of the provocateur also led to lessened anger arousal. In addition, findings in both samples revealed that social support reduced anger when the provocateur was of higher status relative to situations of equal and lesser status. In the community sample, the availability of support was associated with greater intensity of the anger experience in the lesser status condition than in the equal or greater status condition. No gender main effects or interactions were noted.     

女大学生社会支持与社会适应的相关研究

目的探讨女大学生社会支持与社会适应性的关系。方法用《领悟社会支持量表》和《大学生社会适应性量表》对南昌市278名女大学生进行问卷调查,并用SPSS11.5进行数据整理和相关分析。结果 1女大学生社会支持与学习和考试负担适应性存在显著正相关(r=0.141,P0.05),与人际交往适应性存在显著正相关(r=0.252,P0.01);2女大学生社会支持与社会适应相关显著(r=0.152,P0.01);3女大学生社会支持与社会适应的回归效果显著(F=60.736,P0.05)。结论社会支持系统是影响女大学生社会适应的重要心理因素。     

Enabling Community Through Social Media

Background

Social network analysis provides a perspective and method for inquiring into the structures that comprise online groups and communities. Traces from interaction via social media provide the opportunity for understanding how a community is formed and maintained online.

Objective

The paper aims to demonstrate how social network analysis provides a vocabulary and set of techniques for examining interaction patterns via social media. Using the case of the #hcsmca online discussion forum, this paper highlights what has been and can be gained by approaching online community from a social network perspective, as well as providing an inside look at the structure of the #hcsmca community.

Methods

Social network analysis was used to examine structures in a 1-month sample of Twitter messages with the hashtag #hcsmca (3871 tweets, 486 unique posters), which is the tag associated with the social media–supported group Health Care Social Media Canada. Network connections were considered present if the individual was mentioned, replied to, or had a post retweeted.

Results

Network analyses revealed patterns of interaction that characterized the community as comprising one component, with a set of core participants prominent in the network due to their connections with others. Analysis showed the social media health content providers were the most influential group based on in-degree centrality. However, there was no preferential attachment among people in the same professional group, indicating that the formation of connections among community members was not constrained by professional status.

Conclusions

Network analysis and visualizations provide techniques and a vocabulary for understanding online interaction, as well as insights that can help in understanding what, and who, comprises and sustains a network, and whether community emerges from a network of online interactions.     

Adapting Behavioral Interventions for Social Media Delivery

Patients are increasingly using online social networks (ie, social media) to connect with other patients and health care professionals—a trend called peer-to-peer health care. Because online social networks provide a means for health care professionals to communicate with patients, and for patients to communicate with each other, an opportunity exists to use social media as a modality to deliver behavioral interventions. Social media-delivered behavioral interventions have the potential to reduce the expense of behavioral interventions by eliminating visits, as well as increase our access to patients by becoming embedded in their social media feeds. Trials of online social network-delivered behavioral interventions have shown promise, but much is unknown about intervention development and methodology. In this paper, we discuss the process by which investigators can translate behavioral interventions for social media delivery. We present a model that describes the steps and decision points in this process, including the necessary training and reporting requirements. We also discuss issues pertinent to social media-delivered interventions, including cost, scalability, and privacy. Finally, we identify areas of research that are needed to optimize this emerging behavioral intervention modality.     

Are Specific and Generalized Social Phobias Qualitatively Distinct?

This article reviews studies of the generalized (CSP) and specific (SSP) subtypes of social phobia, including their onset, course, etiology, comorbid conditions, types of situations feared, reactions (i.e., cognitive, physiological, and behavioral) to feared situations, and response to treatment. Because the differences between CSP and SSP seem difficult to reconcile with a strictly quantitative perspective, we propose a qualitative distinction. The characteristics of SSP are seen as similar to those of specific phobias, but those of CSP are not. We offer a speculative interpersonal model of CSP that emphasizes beliefs about the self being unlovable, behaviors that elicit negative self-evaluations in others, and a pattern of mutual social-distancing behaviors. We discuss the implications of a qualitative distinction between CSP and SSP and offer avenues for future inquiry.     

Social relationships and health-related behavior

The relationship of social ties to health behavior is studied in this paper. The general hypothesis tested is that those with social relationships are more likely to avoid health damaging behavior. Patterns regarding specific social ties and particular health behaviors are examined. Findings indicate the relationships of spouse, organization member, and friend are related to preventive health behavior; spouses are less likely smokers, drinkers, and heavy drinkers. The friend relationship is related to decreased smoking behavior, while the employee relationship is related to increased drinking. A consistent predictor of health behaviors is the social tie of organization member. People with relationships as organization members are more likely always to wear seat belts, smoke and drink less, and consume lower amounts of these substances.