异裂菊属两新种

异裂菊属两新种梁健英（广西植物研究所,桂林５４１００６）关键词菊科;异裂菊属;新种ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＨＥＴＥＲＯＰＬＥＸＩＳＣＨＡＮＧ（ＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＡＥ）￥ＬｉａｎｇＪｉａｎｇｙｉｎｇ（ＧｕａｎｇｘｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ...     

臭灵丹四醇的结构

臭灵丹四醇的结构李顺林，丁靖垲（中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学开放研究室验室，昆明６５０２０４）关键词四棱峰，臭灵丹，倍半萜，臭灵丹四醇ＴＨＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＰＴＥＲＯＤＯＮＴＥＴＲＡＡＯＬＦＲＯＭＬＡＧＧＥＲＡＰＴＥＲＯＤＯＮＴＡ￥ＬＩＳｈ...     

利用植物叶面反射光谱探测隐伏地下矿产

利用植物叶面反射光谱探测隐伏地下矿产倪健（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）吴继友（山东大学光电子信息工程系,济南２５０１００）ＰＲＯＳＰＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＩＤＤＥＮＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＵＳＩＮＧＳＳＰＥＣＴＲＡＬＲＥＦＬＥＣＴＡＮＣＥＯＦＰＬＡＮＴ...     

植物抗病基因工程进展(续)

植物抗病基因工程进展（续）洪剑明印莉萍邱泽生（首都师范大学生物系北京１０００３７）ＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＯＦＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＦＯＲＰＬＡＮＴＤＩＳＥＡＳＥＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＨＯＮＧＪｉａｎＭｉｎｇＹＩＮＬｉＰｉｎｇＱＩＵＺｅＳｈ...     

守宫木种子油的脂肪酸组成（简报）

守宫木种子油的脂肪酸组成（简报）廖学焜,李用华（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＦＡＴＴＹＡＣＩＤＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＳＥＥＤＯＩＬＦＲＯＭＳＡＵＲＯＰＵＳＡＮＤＲＯＧＹＮＵＳ（Ｌ．）ＭＥＲＲ￥ＬｌａｏＸｕｅｋｕｎ;ＬｉＹｏｎ...     

广西种子植物资料

广西种子植物资料陈秀香,丘华兴（广西民族医药研究所,南宁５３０００１）（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）关键词圆叶青藤;膜叶白桐树;牛膝菊;齿叶猫尾树ＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＯＦＳＰＥＲＭＡＴＯＰＨＹＴＥＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ￥ＣｈｅｎＸｉｕ...     

植物病害和损伤的信号传递及相关基因的表达

植物病害和损伤的信号传递及相关基因的表达林忠平,吴玉珍（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）（农友种苗公司,台湾高雄）ＳＩＧＮＡＬＴＲＡＮＳＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＧＥＮＥＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＩＮＰＬＡＮＴＳＷＩＴＨＲＥＳＰＯＮ...     

植物抗寒剂的使用方法与效果分析

植物抗寒剂的使用方法与效果分析简令成（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＣＯＬＤ－ＲＥＳＩＳＴＥＲＡＮＤＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＩＴＳＥＦＦＥＣＴＩＶＥＮＥＳＳ￥ＪｉａｎＬｉｎｇ－ｃｈｅｎｇ（Ｉｎｓ...     

我国利用植物组织和细胞培养产生药用成分的研究概况

我国利用植物组织和细胞培养产生药用成分的研究概况王蜀秀,温远影,胡昌序（中国科学院植物研究所植物化学研究室,北京１０００４４）ＡＳＵＲＶＥＹＯＦＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＭＥＤＩＣＩＮＡＬＣＯＭＰＯ－ＮＥＮＴＳＰＲＯＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＰＬＡＮＴＴＩＳＳＵＥＡＮＤ...     

植物胚胎学实验方法（六）胚和胚乳的解剖和整体制片法

植物胚胎学实验方法（六）胚和胚乳的解剖和整体制片法胡适宜（北京大学生物系,北京１００８７１）ＷＨＯＬＥＭＯＵＮＴＡＮＤＤＩＳＳＥＣＴＩＮＧＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＦＯＲＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＩＮＧＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＥＭＢＲＹＯＳＡＮＤＥＮＤＯＳＰＥＲＭＳ￥ＨｕＳｈｉ－ｙ...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.