不同品种空心菜对多种重金属的富集特征研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了2种不同重金属污染程度(轻度污染S1和重度污染S2)土壤中7个空心菜品种生长和吸收积累Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu、Cr的差异。结果显示:S2中7个空心菜品种的生长均受到了明显的抑制,其中港种青绿梗竹叶空心菜(GQLG)的株高、根长和地上部干重分别只有S1中的34.23%、37.11%和16.00%;空心菜根部重金属含量显著高于其地上部,第二茬地上部Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr的含量相较于第一茬明显降低,S2中的空心菜体内6种金属含量显著高于S1中,且不同品种间差异显著,其中GQLG地上部的Cd含量显著高于其他6个品种,柳叶空心菜(LY)地上部Pb含量是其他6个品种的2～4倍;S2中的7个空心菜品种体内的Cd、Pb、Cr含量均超出了食品安全国家标准(GB 2762-2017)中叶菜蔬菜的限量值,S1中GQLG的Cd含量、LY的Pb含量以及泰国空心菜、泰国柳叶空心菜、台湾纯青柳叶空心菜和GQLG 4个品种的Cr含量也超标;空心菜对Cd的富集系数(BCF)最高,对Pb的BCF最低。     

施硅对高浓度Cd污染土壤中水稻植株Cd积累与分配的调控

为了评估施硅处理对Cd在水稻(Oryza sativa. L)体内迁移的影响,通过外源添加Cd(CdCl₂)制成w(Cd)为50、100 mg/kg的污染土壤,采用盆栽试验研究不同施硅量〔w(Si)分别为0、28、56 mg/kg〕对Cd污染土壤中水稻(以华航丝苗和黄华占为例)植株中Cd积累与分配的影响. 结果表明:施硅处理可明显影响水稻根部w(Cd),表现为增加华航丝苗根部w(Cd)、降低黄花占根部w(Cd),但两个品种根部Cd累积量均呈增加趋势. 施硅处理后华航丝苗和黄华占的叶、谷壳、糊粉层及精米中w(Cd)、Cd累积量均呈降低趋势,并且在施硅量为56 mg/kg时显著降低;施硅处理显著降低了华航丝苗和黄华占茎中w(Cd)以及华航丝苗茎中Cd累积量,同时增加了黄花占茎中Cd累积量. 施硅可显著降低精米中w(Cd),在w(Cd)为50和100 mg/kg的Cd污染水平下,华航丝苗和黄华占精米中w(Cd)较未施硅处理下的最大降幅分别达到32.49%、53.77%和24.73%、20.67%. 施硅对水稻植株各器官的Cd富集系数、转移系数和分配系数都有一定影响,施硅处理下水稻植株地上部各器官的Cd富集系数和转移系数均呈降低趋势,根部Cd分配比例显著增加. 研究显示,施硅对高浓度Cd污染土壤中水稻植株Cd积累与分配有一定调节作用,并因土壤中w(Cd)、施硅量、水稻品种及稻株器官的不同而存在差异.      

杂交水稻对Cd的吸收与籽粒积累:土壤和品种的交互影响

土壤-作物-食物是人类摄取Cd的主要途径,而水稻是籽粒Cd积累最强的粮食作物.选择2种杂交水稻(普通杂交稻“汕优63”和超级稻“Ⅱ优明86”)与乌栅土和红沙泥田2种水稻土为材料,采用添加Cd(2.5 mg/kg)和不添加Cd处理进行盆栽试验,研究了水稻在成熟期对土壤中Cd的吸收及籽粒积累特点.结果表明,杂交水稻对Cd的吸收及籽粒积累依土壤、品种及两者的交互作用而变化.杂交稻对土壤中原有Cd的吸收与积累,基因型影响高于土壤类型的影响,但对外源Cd的吸收与籽粒积累,土壤类型的影响强于品种基因型,而土壤与品种间的正交互作用(Cd吸收强的超级稻种植于土壤Cd化学有效性高的红沙泥田)可使水稻籽粒Cd积累成倍提高.说明在未污染条件下,杂交稻对Cd的吸收与籽粒积累主要受品种的吸收能力控制,而在污染条件下,土壤化学性质对Cd有效性的影响成为土壤-水稻系统Cd迁移的主要控制因素.本实验显示,在酸性土壤或污染条件下,超级稻对Cd的吸收与籽粒积累十分强烈,就地消费人群的籽粒Cd暴露风险水平达到数倍于临界摄入剂量水平.加Cd处理下,汕优63中Cd滞留于根部,而Ⅱ优明86有较强的将Cd向上运输的能力,Ⅱ优明86籽粒Cd积累的不利效应远远超过其产量的增加效应.因此,在高产水稻育种中必须考虑水稻对Cd吸收的基因型差异与籽粒Cd的暴露风险,推广高产杂交水稻根据其Cd的吸收特性考虑土壤-品种的合理布局.     

黑麦草-丛枝菌根对不同番茄品种抗氧化酶活性、镉积累及化学形态的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了重金属Cd(20 mg·kg-1)污染下,黑麦草-丛枝菌根对2个番茄品种生长、叶和根丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性、Cd积累及化学形态的影响.结果表明,番茄果实干重和植株总干重、叶和根抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量、植株各部位Cd含量及积累量在不同品种和处理间的差异达到显著性水平.黑麦草和丛枝菌根单一或复合修复显著提高了2个番茄品种的果实、根、茎、叶及总干重,降低了叶和根的MDA含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性.黑麦草和丛枝菌根单一或复合修复降低了2个番茄品种果实中Cd提取总量和各形态Cd含量,降幅分别为19.4%~52.4%、31.0%~75.2%、19.7%~59.1%、3.1%~48.2%、20.0%~65.0%、40.7%~100.0%和15.2%~50.0%.Cd主要积累在番茄的叶和茎,果实和根积累较少.黑麦草和丛枝菌根单一或复合修复不同程度降低了番茄果实、叶、茎和根中的Cd含量;减少了茎Cd积累量和植株全Cd量."Cd+黑麦草+丛枝菌根"处理还减少了2个番茄品种果实的Cd积累量,降幅分别为42.9%和43.7%.供试2个番茄品种,以"洛贝琪"对Cd的耐性和抗性较强,果实Cd含量和积累量及植株Cd总积累量则以"洛贝琪"<"德福mm-8".     

土施和喷施锌肥对镉低积累油菜吸收镉的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了土施和喷施不同用量Zn SO4对镉(Cd)低积累油菜生长、Cd吸收及微量元素含量的影响,并通过分析Cd在油菜体内的累积分配规律及土壤Cd有效性变化来揭示其作用机理.结果表明,土施锌(Zn)肥可以显著提高Cd低积累油菜的地上部生物量,最大可使其比对照处理增加71.4%;而喷施Zn肥对Cd低积累油菜地上部生物量没有显著影响.土施和喷施Zn肥都可显著降低Cd低积累油菜的地上部Cd含量,最大降幅为41.4%;在Zn肥用量相差8~10倍的情况下,二者降低油菜地上部Cd含量的效果无显著差异.土施Zn肥可使Cd低积累油菜地上部Cu和Fe含量显著升高,而喷施Zn肥对其没有显著影响,土施和喷施Zn肥都使Cd低积累油菜地上部Mn含量显著降低.土施Zn肥可显著提高土壤有效态Zn含量,但对土壤有效Cd含量没有显著影响;土施和喷施Zn肥可以显著降低油菜根部Cd净吸收量和Cd转运系数,油菜地上部Cd含量与根部Cd净吸收量呈显著的正相关关系(p0.01),而与Cd转运系数无显著的相关性,这表明施用Zn肥降低油菜地上部Cd含量主要是由于抑制根部Cd吸收引起的.总之,喷施Zn肥是调控Cd低积累油菜安全生产的较好措施.     

不同水稻品种籽粒Cd、Cu和Se的含量差异及其人类膳食摄取风险

采用田间试验法,研究了江苏省57个水稻品种籽粒对太湖地区乌栅土中Cd、Cu、Se的吸收积累.结果表明水稻籽粒的Cd、Cu、Se含量的变化范围分别为0.099±0.039、4.86±2.595、0.035±0.007mg/kg,指示不同水稻品种对同一土壤中Cd、Cu、Se的吸收及其在籽粒中的积累存在有显著的差异.不同品种籽粒对Cu和Cd的吸收积累有同步的趋势,而高Se品种显示出抑制重金属Cu和Cd积累的倾向.不同品种籽粒中重金属含量的差异可能影响到人类重金属食物摄取的健康风险,57个品种中92%的样品的Cd含量超出USEPA推荐的人类摄取的籽粒临界含量.因此,在土壤重金属污染地区,必须密切注意高Cd、Cu吸收积累品种的大规模栽培.而筛选高Se低Cu、Cd的水稻品种进行品质育种是可能的.     

黔西北土法炼锌区典型植物体内重金属的积累研究

对黔西北土法炼锌导致的重金属严重污染地区生长茂盛的自然植被及其根部土壤进行了重金属分析测试。土壤重金属形态用连续提取法区分为有效态和强结合态,结果发现植物体内的重金属含量与土壤中有效态的重金属含量成正比。所分析的4种植物体内的Pb、Zn、Cd含量表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。接骨草(SambucusChinensis)和柳叶苦荬菜(Ixerisgracilis)在体内富集、运输重金属元素的能力很强,是对污染区生态重建非常有前景的植物。     

基于Cd污染土壤修复的天竺葵品种差异性研究

花卉修复重金属污染土壤,既能有效降低土壤重金属污染,又可美化环境,带来一定的经济效益。为探讨不同品种天竺葵(Pelargonium hortorum)对重金属的耐性,通过温室盆栽方式,研究了在土壤Cd污染和添加活化剂EDTA下,不同品种天竺葵对Cd耐性和富集特征。结果表明:(1)在Cd重金属胁迫下,除"迪娃玫粉渐变"外,其余8个品种天竺葵生长均受抑制,土壤添加活化剂EDTA后,对"地平线苹果红色"品种生长抑制最明显,但植株依然能保持生长;(2)9种天竺葵地上部分Cd含量和地下部分Cd含量分别为0.21~1.04 mg/kg和1.12~4.08 mg/kg,其中"迪娃树莓脉纹"和"地平线淡蓝色"地上部和根部Cd含量最高,"地平线淡蓝色"在添加活化剂后,地上部Cd含量相比较污染土上Cd含量增长了0.60 mg/kg;(3)"地平线绯红色"和"地平线玫瑰"地上部对Cd的富集系数达到最大值0.221,"地平线淡蓝色"根部对Cd的富集系数达到最大值1.700,添加活化剂后,"地平线淡蓝色"地上部与根部Cd的富集系数分别达到0.395和1.875;(4)"地平线玫瑰"和"地平线淡蓝色"在2种处理下,地上部Cd累积量达到最大值,分别为0.855μg/株和0.781μg/株,"迪娃玫粉渐变"在2种处理下根部Cd累积量达到最大,分别为3.632μg/株和3.262μg/株;(5)不同品种天竺葵植株内氮、磷、钾含量存在显著差异,Cd污染土壤在一定程度上促进了天竺葵对营养元素的吸收,其中"地平线绯红色"属于吸收氮磷钾较多的品种。综合生物量、Cd富集系数、营养元素分析,"迪娃玫粉渐变"、"地平线杂色"、"地平线玫瑰"和"地平线淡蓝色"4个品种对Cd都具有较好的吸收,不论是污染土壤还是污染土壤+EDTA上,在所筛选的品种中都有很大的优势。     

不同玉米品种Cd、Pb、Zn和As积累与转运特性

通过田间试验,研究了22个玉米品种同时在未污染、轻度、中度和重度重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和As复合污染农田土壤条件下,玉米植株各部位对Cd、Pb、Zn和As的富集和转运特性,并对Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn这8种重金属元素进行了主成分分析和相关性分析,探讨了玉米植株吸收Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量与土壤中重金属元素形态含量的关系.结果表明：①玉米植株不同部位Cd和Zn含量分布规律为：穗上茎叶>穗下茎叶>根>籽粒,Pb分布规律为：根>穗下茎叶>穗上茎叶>籽粒,As分布规律为：根>穗上茎叶>穗下茎叶>籽粒,分布规律的不同与作物本身积累特性以及研究区土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn和As的环境活性高低密切相关.②22个玉米品种遗传背景的较大差异造成品种间Cd和Pb的积累具有显著差异（P<0.05）,表现为4种趋势：Cd和Pb复合高积累品种,单一Cd或Pb低积累品种（低Cd高Pb、低Pb高Cd）,Cd和Pb复合低积累品种.其中3个品种籽粒Cd含量超过国家食品安全标准,14个品种茎叶Cd含量超过国家饲料卫生标准;所有品种茎叶和籽粒Pb含量均未超标,但部分品种籽粒Pb含量接近限值具有超标风险;不同玉米品种茎叶和籽粒As含量均远低于标准限值,表现出稳定的低积累特性;不同玉米品种茎叶Zn含量随土壤Zn含量的升高而升高,但籽粒Zn含量维持在满足植株正常生长的阈值范围内.③研究区玉米植株中Cd、Pb、Zn和As具有一定的同源性,主要受土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn和As污染物含量超标的影响较为深刻,这说明矿山采选和尾矿堆存带来的人为来源,玉米植株中Cu元素受到一定人为污染来源的影响,但影响程度有限;玉米植株中Hg、Ni和Cr元素间具有一定的同源性,说明成土母质和风化产物累积的自然来源.④玉米植株各部位Cd、Pb、Zn和As元素含量,以及Cr和Ni元素含量均具有极显著正相关性（P<0.01）,Cd、Pb、Zn和As元素在植物体内的运输机制可能有共同之处,从玉米根部向地上部迁移方面表现出协同效应,Cr和Ni元素同样如此.而玉米茎叶中Hg与Cd、Pb、Zn和As元素,以及籽粒中Hg与Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Ni和Zn元素均表现出一定的拮抗作用.⑤采用对照优选法将同时满足：茎叶Cd、Pb和As含量未超过国家饲料卫生标准,籽粒Cd、Pb和As含量未超过国家食品安全标准,籽粒Cd、Pb和As聚类分析为低积累类群,植株茎叶和籽粒Cd、Pb和As富集和转运系数较低作为优选条件,筛选出C18（先玉335）可作为Cd、Pb和As复合低积累且籽粒Zn含量维持在正常水平的优选玉米品种,适宜在北方工矿企业周边重金属复合污染农田推广应用.     

灌浆期镉胁迫下水稻Cd在组织细胞中的特征研究

土培试验,以籽粒Cd低积累水稻品种(越冬稻和R1088)和籽粒Cd高积累水稻品种(IR34582和太粳558)为试验材料,研究灌浆期水稻在Cd0(不加Cd)、Cd5(5 mg/kg)和Cd25(25 mg/kg)胁迫下Cd在其组织细胞中的特征,为培育Cd低积累水稻品种以及一定程度Cd污染农田的水稻安全生产提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)水稻各组织部位Cd含量均随Cd处理浓度的增加而增加,各组织部位Cd含量依次为根系﹥茎﹥叶鞘﹥叶﹥籽粒。(2)Cd胁迫下,Cd低积累品种越冬稻和R1088根细胞壁(F1)、细胞器(F2)、细胞膜(F3)和可溶部分(F4)Cd含量显著高于Cd高积累品种IR34582和太粳558,而茎、叶鞘和叶F1、F2、F3和F4 Cd含量却显著低于Cd高积累品种IR34582和太粳558。(3)Cd胁迫为Cd5时,TF_(根-茎)和TF_(茎-籽粒)分别均与F1和F4分配比例成极显著负相关和极显著正相关,相关系数分别为-0.947、-0.966和0.884、0.965(p0.01);而在Cd胁迫为Cd25时,TF_(根-茎)和TF_(茎-籽粒)与F1和F4分配比例也成极显著负相关和极显著正相关,相关系数分别为-0.786、-0.936和0.865、0.936(p0.01)。综上所述,Cd胁迫下水稻各组织Cd含量显著增加,且Cd含量、TF_(根-茎)、TF_(茎-籽粒)、TF_(叶鞘-籽粒)和TF_(叶-籽粒)在Cd高低积累水稻品种间存在显著差异,根和茎中细胞壁、可溶部分在Cd从根部向上及从茎向籽粒转运过程中起着重要作用。     

Modified accumulation of selected heavy metals in Bt transgenic rice

Safety assessment of genetically modified crops generally does not take into account the potential hazard of altered patterns of heavy metal accumulation in plants. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the impact of heavy metal amendments on the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a Bt transgenic rice Ke-Ming-Dao (KMD) and its wild-type Xiushui 11 (Xs11). In control soils, significant di erence was only found in contents of Cu (p < 0.01) and Pb (p < 0.05) in straw between KMD and Xs11. At three levels of Cd amendments (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), the Cd contents in grain and straw of KMD were significantly higher than those of Xs11, and all grain Cd contents were significantly higher than the International Criteria (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) as specified by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). These results implied that it may be unsafe for growing Bt transgenic rice in heavily Cd-polluted areas. No significant di erence in Zn was found between the two varieties with the exception of roots at Zn amendment level of 600 mg/kg, while Pb contents in KMD were much higher in the straw at the lead amendment level of 1000 mg/kg and in the root at 250 mg Pb/kg. Data on the heavy metal accumulation patterns for the genetically modified rice may be used for the selection of growing areas as well as for plant residue management for Bt rice.     

基于大田试验的铅镉复合污染土壤中甜糯玉米低积累特性

为筛选适合在铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）复合污染土壤种植的低积累特性甜糯玉米品种,选取39个玉米品种,通过大田试验,研究其籽粒和秸秆对Pb和Cd的富集特性和差异.将玉米产量、富集系数和基于土壤Pb和Cd风险阈值的方法作为筛选低积累玉米品种的评价指标.结果表明,不同品种玉米的产量、籽粒和秸秆的Pb和Cd含量之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）.籽粒对Pb和Cd的富集系数分别为0.00003~0.00230和0.01~0.15,秸秆对Pb和Cd的富集系数分别为0.003~0.065和0.64~4.28.通过对不同玉米富集系数的聚类分析,综合不同品种玉米的土壤Pb和Cd风险阈值得出,惠甜5号、新美甜818和玉糯9号可在Pb和Cd含量超风险管制值的耕地安全生产,天贵糯937和金萬糯2000可在Cd含量超风险筛选值的耕地安全生产.惠甜5号、新美甜818和玉糯9号作为Pb和Cd复合低积累品种,适宜在广西铅镉复合污染土壤上推广种植,天贵糯937和金萬糯2000作为籽粒低积累、秸秆Cd高积累品种,建议将其作为植物修复资源加以利用.     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of 110 hybrid rice cultivars grown in a low-Cd paddy soil

Enhanced Cd uptake and Zn depletion in rice grains and high potential for food Cd exposure by the high-yielding hybrid cultivars of China had been addressed. A field experiment was conducted in 2006 to determine the di erence in grain Cd and Zn between cultivars. Total 110 cultivars including super rice and common hybrid rice cultivars were grown on a single paddy soil (Entic Haplaquept) with a neutral reaction and low total Cd content. Grain Cd and Zn concentrations were determined with graphite atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS) and flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS) respectively.Wide variation of Cd content in grain was found in a range of 0.004–0.057 mg/kg, while the Zn content in a range of 10.25–30.06 mg/kg among the cultivars. Higher Cd but lower Zn concentration in grains of super rice cultivars was observed compared to the common hybrid ones. A highly significant positive linear correlation of grain Cd/Zn with grain Cd was found for super rice and common hybrid cultivars, meanwhile much higher slope for these hybrid cultivars than the reported non-hybrid cultivars was also observed. Using the limit value of the Chinese chemical guidelines for foods (MOHC and SSC, 2005), calculated potential risk of food Cd exposure with “Zn hungry” through diet intake was prominent with all the studied 110 hybrid rice cultivars, possessing high potential health problems for rice production in South China using the super rice cultivars. Breeding of genotypes of rice cultivars with low grain Cd and low Cd/Zn ratio is needed for rice production in acidic red soils where Cd bioavailability is prevalently high.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

钝化剂对农田土壤Cd有效性及不同水稻品种吸收Cd的研究

为从源头保障农产品质量安全,做好农田土壤镉污染修复,在镉污染农田上研究施加TX土壤调理剂、NL土壤调理剂、生物炭、石灰、硅肥5种钝化剂对土壤pH、有机质、Cd有效态含量、Cd不同形态的影响,并探讨钝化剂对4个不同水稻品种的产量以及水稻各器官吸收Cd的影响,筛选降解Cd效果较优的钝化剂和籽粒吸收Cd较少的水稻品种。结果表明:与对照处理相比,施加TX、NL土壤调理剂、生物炭、石灰、硅肥处理土壤中Cd有效态含量分别降低了59.4%、29.9%、22.8%、22.4%、54.4%。施加钝化剂降低了土壤中弱酸提取态和可还原态含量,增加了可氧化态和残渣态含量。其中,TX土壤调理剂处理的弱酸提取态占比降幅最大为11.9%,残渣态占比增幅最大为15.4%。施加钝化剂可提高水稻产量和抑制水稻各器官（根、茎、籽粒）对Cd的积累,其中施加TX土壤调理剂的效果最优,淮稻5号、扬粳805、扬粳103、南粳9108的产量分别提高了14.2%、18.6%、9.2%、29.2%,籽粒中Cd含量分别显著降低了80.5%、82.8%、65.4%、55.6%。对照处理中,淮稻5号、扬粳805、扬粳103、南粳9108籽粒Cd含量分别为0.836,0.853,1.047,1.22 mg/kg。只有种植淮稻5号和扬粳805同时配施TX土壤调理剂处理,籽粒Cd含量分别为0.163,0.147 mg/kg,符合GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》。推荐淮稻5号和扬粳805品种为适应于苏中地区的重金属低积累水稻品种,再结合施用合适钝化剂可在重金属Cd中轻度污染土壤上推广应用以保障农产品安全。     

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmiumspeciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.