激光通过不同厚度的强散射介质的聚焦

通常情况下,激光光束经过散射介质后会产生无序的散斑。基于波前相位调制技术,利用连续序列算法结合四步相移法对入射激光的波面进行相位调制,使其通过散射介质在目标位置处形成聚焦。实验着重研究激光经过不同厚度的强散射片样品的聚焦,讨论散射介质的厚度与聚焦点光强增长因子的关系。实验结果表明,透过的散射介质越厚,聚焦光斑尺寸越小,目标位置处聚焦点的光强增长因子也越小。     

相干光经过不透明散射介质的聚焦

由于散射介质的散射特性,入射光通过散射介质后相干性受到破坏形成散斑场,使得传统光学成像系统无法聚焦探测内部物体的信息。根据波前整形原理,通过反馈优化算法调控入射光束的相位,在目标位置处将散斑调制为聚焦光斑,光强增强。基于此方法,在实验上搭建实验平台,对空间光调制器(SLM)的每个像素加载系列等间隔相位,一次采集多幅散斑图像,应用局部最大优化算法实现对光束任意点聚焦,并提出了一种得到不同大小区域的均匀的聚焦光斑的新方法,为实现聚焦平面内的目标成像提供了新思路。     

基于黄金分割法改进反馈波前整形技术实现散射光的聚焦EI北大核心CSCD

通过对入射光束的相位进行调控,可以将激光经过散射介质的散斑调制为聚焦光斑。提出了基于黄金分割法改进反馈波前整形技术的方法,实现了光束经散射介质的聚焦。理论分析了黄金分割法相比现有的顺序算法在搜索单峰函数极大值时的优势,并对散射聚焦过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当改变总调制单元数和单个调制单元的相位调制精度时,采用黄金分割法调制相位相比于顺序算法,在调制速度上具有一定优势。     

基于黄金分割法改进反馈波前整形技术实现散射光的聚焦

通过对入射光束的相位进行调控,可以将激光经过散射介质的散斑调制为聚焦光斑。提出了基于黄金分割法改进反馈波前整形技术的方法,实现了光束经散射介质的聚焦。理论分析了黄金分割法相比现有的顺序算法在搜索单峰函数极大值时的优势,并对散射聚焦过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当改变总调制单元数和单个调制单元的相位调制精度时,采用黄金分割法调制相位相比于顺序算法,在调制速度上具有一定优势。     

高斯光束经表面有缺陷的厚非线性介质的传输特性

光学元件上存在的缺陷会对传输光束产生局域振幅和位相调制. 基于衍射理论模型和分步傅里叶算法,模拟分析了高斯光束经过表面有缺陷的非线性介质的传输过程中于介质内及从介质出射后在自由空气的传输特性, 并详细研究了在厚介质前表面有缺陷的情况下,介质中和自由空气中的光强分布演化规律. 研究表明,介质厚度越长、介质的非线性折射率越大,光束整体聚焦越厉害, 聚焦点离介质后表面越近.光束受调制点的位置离中心越近,光束分裂成丝产生的局部光强越大, 且介质表面存在缺陷将使通过的光束在介质后表面处产生一个很大的光强, 相位调制型缺陷产生的这一光强点比振幅调制型缺陷产生的光强点更强.     

调制散射光束的振幅实现聚焦

光束通过生物组织白色涂料等散射介质后将发生散射,实现对散射光束进行整形和控制具有重要的意义。使用振幅调制实时反馈的方法,对入射到散射样品的相干光的振幅进行预调整,探测器实时读取散射光斑数据作为反馈依据,以此调制空间光调制器上的对应区域,进一步补偿由散射介质引起的振幅失调。实验结果表明,目标位置光强得到显著增加,其能量平均值是调制前散射区域能量平均值的11倍。     

四元裂解位相调制实现相干光通过散射介质聚焦

光在不均匀介质中传播会受到散射的干扰,在这些散射材料中,例如粉末、生物组织、亚波长颗粒对入射光多次散射使得出射光无法聚焦,从而在接收平面形成散斑.本文提出四元裂解位相调制方法对入射相干光场进行调制,使其通过散射介质聚焦.此方法利用入射光场全场调制,充分考虑光场单元之间的干涉作用,从整个空间光调制器的调制面开始,逐层进行四元裂解及位相优化.运用此方法在实验中实现了相干光的前向散射和后向散射有效聚焦,这为生物医学领域中通过散射介质成像提供了新的思路和方法.     

基于数字微镜器件超像素法实现散射介质传输矩阵的自参考干涉测量

散射介质的传输矩阵系统描述了散射介质对输入与输出光场之间的变换关系,是研究与控制光在无序介质中传输特性的重要工具.本文使用数字微镜器件实现散射介质传输矩阵的自参考干涉测量,首先利用超像素法实现对入射光的复振幅调制获得同时包含参考光和信号光的复合场,进而基于四步相移法分别测量了散射介质在Hadamard基和轨道角动量(OAM)基下的传输矩阵.进一步,根据相位共轭原理实现了光透过散射介质后的单点聚焦、多点聚焦以及涡旋聚焦,验证了传输矩阵测量的准确性.该方法能够有效提高光场调制的自由度,实现散射介质传输矩阵的测量,对散射环境下的光学成像和光通信等具有潜在应用价值.     

基于纯相位调制的散射介质传输矩阵测量与光波聚焦

提出了基于纯相位调制的传输矩阵通用测量方法,搭建了传输矩阵测量的实验装置。分别利用单位矩阵调制和哈达玛矩阵调制方式进行了传输矩阵测量,并实现了穿透散射介质的光波聚焦。实验结果表明,基于单位矩阵测得的传输矩阵,其聚焦点光强为背景光强的19倍;而基于哈达玛矩阵测得的传输矩阵,其聚焦点光强为背景光强的16倍。     

分数评估法实现光通过散射介质聚焦

为了解决强噪声环境下的相干光通过散射介质聚焦与成像问题,本文提出分数评估法,利用该方法对入射光的相位分布进行迭代优化。分数评估法的基本思想是在优化迭代过程中,通过参考目标光强值赋分的方式对相位值进行评估和考量。通过二元相位优化的方式提升迭代程序运行的速度,缩短聚焦时间,以便将该方法运用于动态散射介质。将该方法与蚁群算法对比,结果发现,分数评估法在强噪声环境下仍然能够实现散射聚焦,而蚁群算法在强噪声环境下失效。实验测得分数评估法的焦点光强是优化前散斑平均光强的71.4倍。因此,对于今后在生物成像、光电检测等应用领域,应当优先考虑使用分数评估法优化入射光的波面以提升成像或聚焦的分辨率和清晰度。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.