经皮血管腔内成形术治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症

目的评价经皮腔内成形术及支架植入术治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症的临床疗效.方法自1999年4月-2004年8月,为13例髂股动脉硬化闭塞症患者联合应用导管接触性溶栓和导丝机械性开通的方法开通闭塞段,行腔内成形及支架植入术,共植入25枚Wallstent支架,采用多普勒超声或DSA随访.结果13例患者均一次性开通血管闭塞段并植入支架.经8个月～5年(平均26.2个月)随访,1例于术后23 d支架内急性血栓闭塞,经导管接触性溶栓治疗再次成功开通;1例于术后19个月临床症状加重,造影证实支架处髂总和髂外动脉闭塞并同侧     

兔颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤模型制作的改进

【摘要】 目的 对兔颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤模型进行改进,以评价建模的成功率及支架植入后颈总动脉的通畅率。方法 取新西兰大白兔20只,饲养1周后行左侧颈内动脉结扎。1个月后行颈部3.0 T MRA检查评价颈动脉与椎动脉的变化情况。采用间断式外翻缝合法吻合静脉囊与颈总动脉,建立侧壁型动脉瘤。在植入覆膜支架前、术后即刻、3个月、6个月行血管造影。结果 20只实验兔均顺利行左侧颈内动脉结扎。MRI示结扎前右颈总动脉中段平均直径为（2.35 ± 0.08）mm,结扎后1个月右颈总动脉中段平均直径为（2.89 ± 0.22）mm ,与术前比较差异有显著统计学意义（P < 0.01）。MRA示17只兔右颈总动脉明显增粗,而双侧椎动脉略增粗;3只兔颈总动脉增粗不明显,而双侧椎动脉明显增粗。建立兔颈总动脉囊状动脉瘤模型17 只,术后均健康成活。DSA示覆膜支架植入前所有动脉瘤及右颈总动脉通畅,4个动脉瘤腔内有少量血栓形成,但无自发性完全闭塞。Willis或镁合金覆膜支架植入术后即刻造影示动脉瘤闭塞,右颈内动脉通畅。术后3个月DSA示16只兔右颈内动脉通畅,1只闭塞。术后6个月DSA示16只兔右颈内动脉通畅。动脉瘤模型的成功率为100%（17/17）,覆膜支架植入后右颈总动脉的通畅率为94.1%（16/17）。结论 兔颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤模型制作的改进提高了动脉瘤模型的成功率及覆膜支架植入后右颈总动脉的通畅率。
     

难治性颅内动脉瘤血管内支架治疗的初步结果

目的总结血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗分叉部宽颈动脉瘤及复发动脉瘤的技术及疗效.方法采用血管内支架结合GDC治疗5例颅内动脉瘤,其中颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例,基底动脉宽颈瘤1例和后交通宽颈动脉瘤复发2例.3例支架跨重要侧支血管及穿动脉放置.通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔,继续GDC填塞.结果 4例动脉瘤达到致密填塞,1例大部填塞,载瘤动脉及侧支血管通畅,1例术后出现动眼神经麻痹,3个月后恢复.影像学随访3～6个月,无支架内狭窄.结论联合使用支架及GDC是治疗分叉部宽颈动脉瘤及复发动脉瘤     

平肾主动脉-髂动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗

【摘要】 目的 探讨腔内治疗平肾主动脉-髂动脉闭塞性病变的效果。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年6月采用腔内微创治疗和血运重建的21例平肾主动脉-髂动脉闭塞性病变患者,所有患者均在置管溶栓后接受腔内血管重建,术后3、6、9、12个月随访,每年复查主动脉CTA。结果 21例均置管溶栓24 h,完全采用裸支架倒Y型腔内重建11例（植入主动脉裸支架和外周自膨裸支架41枚）,覆膜支架对吻成形2例（植入Gore Viabahn支架4枚）,Gore Excluder覆膜支架腔内重建8例,技术成功率为100%。围手术期无死亡患者及严重并发症发生,所有患者术后下肢缺血症状均得到缓解。术后随访6～24个月,未见支架移位及内漏发生,裸支架治疗组1例术后8个月髂动脉支架内血栓闭塞,予以药物保守治疗;Gore Excluder覆膜支架组1例术后18个月一侧髂支远端狭窄,予以裸支架成形后通畅;其余移植物随访期通畅。结论 腔内微创治疗平肾主动脉-髂动脉闭塞近、中期效果好,但需个体化选择治疗方案,以提高手术成功率,降低并发症发生率。

     

覆膜支架在周围血管病变中的应用

目的回顾性分析覆膜支架治疗周围血管性病变的方法和疗效。方法１１例患者，其中动脉瘤８例（包括假性动脉瘤３例），动－静脉瘘２例，血管损伤破裂１例。病变部位位于锁骨下动脉２例、颈总动脉１例、肾动脉１例、髂动脉５例、股动脉１例、胫前动脉１例。均采用经皮股动脉穿刺，在相应的病变段植入覆膜支架，使病变与主支血管隔绝。结果所有患者均成功植入覆膜支架，术后造影原病变完全消失。术中有１例发生血管痉挛。未发生血管闭塞、破裂等并发症。通过超声或DSA随访３～６个月，无复发和主支血管闭塞等。结论随着介入技术的不断发展，覆膜支架的应用日益增多，治疗周围血管性病变取得极好效果。     

可降解镁合金覆膜支架治疗兔颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤可行性研究

【摘要】 目的 评价可降解镁合金覆膜支架治疗兔颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤的可行性。方法 20只新西兰大白兔饲养1周后采用间断式外翻缝合法将右侧颈总动脉与静脉囊吻合，构建20枚颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤。72 h内分别实施可降解镁合金覆膜支架植入术和Willis覆膜支架植入术。术前、术后即刻、术后3、6、12个月作DSA造影检查，对比动脉瘤闭塞、内漏、血管痉挛、血管损伤、血栓事件、血管闭塞和狭窄等情况。结果 可降解镁合金覆膜支架和Willis覆膜支架各植入10枚，技术成功率为100%。支架植入术后即刻造影显示所有动脉瘤腔完全闭塞，载瘤动脉通畅，可降解镁合金覆膜支架组血管痉挛3例，Willis覆膜支架组血管痉挛1例；术后3、6、12个月复查造影显示动脉瘤完全消失，载瘤动脉通畅。 结论 可降解镁合金覆膜支架治疗兔颈总动脉侧壁型动脉瘤是可行的。
     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果

目的总结血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果,了解支架技术在脑动脉瘤治疗中的作用.方法 62例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者接受血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗,并在术后行脑血管造影及临床随访.结果所有患者均成功植入支架,47例动脉瘤达到致密填塞,15例大部填塞,载瘤动脉通畅.1～6个月造影随访56例动脉瘤内无造影剂显影,4例仍有瘤颈残留,1例复发而再次治疗;12～37个月随访43例中,2例瘤颈残余,1例动脉瘤复发,其余完全闭塞,弹簧圈形态无改变.结论血管内支架植入后明显改变瘤内血流动力学并促进血栓形成     

血管内支架结合GDC栓塞治疗基底动脉顶端宽颈动脉瘤

目的报道应用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗1例未破裂的基底动脉顶端宽颈动脉瘤的经验及结果.方法将球囊膨胀型血管内支架跨动脉瘤瘤颈部位置入并准确释放后,微导管超选进入动脉瘤内填塞弹簧圈.结果支架成功的置入,支架近端在基底动脉,远端在大脑后动脉近段,动脉瘤得到次全栓塞(90%以上),载瘤动脉及毗邻的侧支血管保持通畅,患者恢复满意.结论血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗基底动脉顶端宽颈动脉瘤是可行的,支架植入对侧支血管血流无明显影响.     

髂动脉内支架植入术后临床及血管造影随访

目的评价经皮腔内成形术(PTA)及支架植入术治疗髂动脉的动脉硬化性狭窄的早期及晚期临床疗效.方法从1994年12月～2000年2月,为31名患者的42条髂动脉血管内植入44个Wallstent支架,进行临床及血管造影随访.结果 44个支架植入操作均获成功.1例患者回家后第3天穿刺部位血肿,超声检查为假性动脉瘤,行外科手术修复,术后半年血管造影检查无再狭窄.临床随访(36±13)个月,术后间歇性跛行及休息痛等症状均消失.31例患者中有20例(29条血管)进行血管造影随访,随访时间(10±5)个月.血管造影随     

腹腔内脏血管动脉瘤的介入治疗方法探讨

目的 探索腹腔内脏动脉动脉瘤的介入治疗方法.方法 进行介入治疗的9例内脏动脉动脉瘤患者,总共11枚动脉瘤,其中1例为肠系膜上动脉主干部动脉瘤合并右侧结肠动脉动脉瘤,1例为2枚脾动脉瘤,另外还有5例各1枚脾动脉瘤,1例胃右动脉瘤,1例肝动脉假性动脉瘤.使用弹簧圈分别成功对6例脾动脉瘤患者的7枚脾动脉瘤及1枚右侧结肠动脉瘤,1枚胃右动脉瘤,1枚肝动脉假性瘤进行了栓塞,1例肠系膜上动脉动脉瘤的使用覆膜支架植入隔离动脉瘤.结果 所有患者均治疗成功,未出现相关并发症.肠系膜上动脉动脉瘤植入支架后瘤腔被完全封闭,肠系膜上动脉主干通畅.结论 介入栓塞技术可以成功栓塞大部分内脏动脉动脉瘤,对于部分栓塞困难者可以使用覆膜支架隔绝动脉瘤.     

火电厂节能工作浅析

本文探讨了火电厂节能基本程序和工作方法,分析节能工作要从基础工作、技术创新、设备整治、燃烧管理等方面入手的论述.     

浅析磨合期汽车的使用

如何合理使用磨合期的汽车，使其摩擦机件的磨损量能够平稳、均匀地磨合而不至于过度磨损，对汽车实际使用寿命有着重要的意义。从机器磨合期的特点和磨损机理出发，对汽车磨合期如何正确使用进行了有实际意义的探讨。     

Geothermal energy in agriculture in Yugoslavia

SFR Yugoslavia has natural hot water springs practically all over its territory, indicating the presence of geothermal reservoirs underground. There is no final estimate of how much energy can be expected from this new resource, except for figures based on the results of studies and investigations.The first use of geothermal energy in Yugoslavia in numerous spas dates back to the 19th century. Some remarkable examples of central heating are known, but the most widespread use is in agriculture (in greenhouse heating, farm heating and drying of agricultural products).     

Energy conservation measures in an institutional building in sub-tropical climate in Australia

In this study, various energy conservation measures (ECMs) on heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems for a four-storied institutional building in sub-tropical (hot and humid climate) Queensland, Australia are evaluated using the simulation software called DesignBuilder (DB). Base case scenario of energy consumption profiles of existing systems are analysed and simulated first then, the simulated results are verified by on-site measured data. Three categories of ECMs, namely major investment ECMs (variable air volume (VAV) systems against constant air volume (CAV); and low coefficient of performance (COP) chillers against high COP chillers); minor investment ECMs (photo electric dimming control system against general lighting, and double glazed low emittance windows against single-glazed windows) and zero investment ECMs (reset heating and cooling set point temperatures) are evaluated. It is found that the building considered in this study can save up to 41.87% energy without compromising occupancies thermal comfort by implementing the above mentioned ECMs into the existing system.     

Uncertainties in decarbonising heat in the UK

Heating is arguably one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise in the UK's energy system. Meeting the 80% greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2050 is likely to require that heat related emissions of CO₂ from buildings are near zero by 2050, and there is a 70% reduction in emissions from industry (from 1990 levels). Though it is clear that the use of the natural gas network will reduce over time, recent modelling suggests a limited residual role for gas by 2050 to help meet peaks in heat demand. High levels of uncertainty about the way in which heat will be decarbonised present a number of challenges to policy makers. This paper will explore the risks and uncertainties associated with the transition to a low carbon heat system in the UK as outlined by the 4th carbon budget review. The potential impact of key uncertainties on the levelised costs of heat technologies and the development of energy networks are explored using a sensitivity analysis approach. Policy changes required to decarbonise the heat sector are also examined.     

Solar drying in sludge management in Turkey

Two main wastewater treatment plants in Bursa city in Turkey will start to operate and produce at least 27,000 tons of dry solids per year by the end of 2006. The purpose of this study was to investigate an economical solution to the sludge management problem that Bursa city would encounter. The general trend in Turkey is mechanical dewatering to obtain a dry solid (DS) content of 20%, and liming the mechanically dewatered sludge to reach the legal landfilling requirement, 35% DS content. This study recommends limited liming & solar drying as an alternative to only-liming the mechanically dewatered sludge. Open and covered solar sludge drying plants were constructed in pilot scale for experimental purposes. Dry solids and climatic conditions were constantly measured. Faecal coliform reduction was also monitored. The specially designed covered solar drying plant proved to be more efficient than the open plant in terms of drying and faecal coliform reduction. It was found that, if the limited liming & solar drying method was applied after mechanical dewatering instead of only-liming method, the total amount of the sludge to be disposed would be reduced by approximately 40%. This would lead to a reduction in the transportation, handling, and landfilling costs. The covered drying system would amortize itself in 4 years.     

Viscous heating in liquid flows in micro-channels

Many experimental works on forced convection through micro-channels evidenced that when the hydraulic diameter is less than 1 mm, conventional theory can no longer be considered as suitable to predict the pressure drop and convective heat transfer coefficients. This conclusion seemed valid for both gas and liquid flows. Sometimes the authors justified this claim by invoking “new” micro-effects. On the contrary, in this paper the explanation of the experimental results obtained for micro-channels in terms of friction factors will be researched inside the conventional theory (Navier-Stokes equations). In particular, this paper will focus on the role of viscous heating in fluids flowing through micro-channels. A criterion will be presented to draw the limit of significance for viscous dissipation effects in micro-channel flows. The role of the cross-sectional geometry on viscous dissipation will be highlighted and the minimum Reynolds number for which viscous dissipation effects can no longer be neglected will be calculated as a function of the hydraulic diameter and of the micro-channel geometry for different fluids. It will be demonstrated how viscous effects can explain some experimental results on the Poiseuille numbers in micro-channels, which recently appeared in the open literature.     

Energy consumption in rural transportation in India

Energy consumption in rural transportation has been computed, taking into account the energy embodied in vehicles or bullocks, as well as the fuels or feeds and food (of operators). Bullock cart transport consumes over four times more energy than vehicles. However, animal transport will continue to be preferred because of its availability.     

Electoral cycles in electricity losses in India

A third of electricity in India is lost each year, where losses refer to power that is supplied but not billed. Utilizing data from the power corporation of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, we study the politics of electricity losses. Examining annual data over four decades, we document that UP's electricity losses tend to increase in periods immediately prior to state assembly elections. Drawing upon geographically disaggregated data for the period 2000–09, we observe higher line losses just prior to the 2002 and 2007 state elections. Our analysis shows that the incumbent party was more likely to retain the assembly seat as line losses in the locality increased. We interpret these results as corroboration that political parties deliberately redirect electricity to flat rate and unbilled users in a context of chronically inadequate supply. Political factors appear to affect line losses in ways that technical and economic factors alone cannot explain.