光质对油菜幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

用40 μE·m-2·s-1的白光和红光对油菜幼苗照光处理9 d，结果表明，红光 促进油菜幼苗的生长，使其抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性明显升高，过氧化物酶（POD）活性下降，但对过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性无明显影响。     

表油菜素内酯对黄瓜幼苗下胚轴过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶活性的影响

黄瓜幼苗用0.1～1 ppm表油菜素内酯(epiBR)处理1～3d后,下胚轴中过氧化物酶活性明显低于对照;随着处理浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,与对照之间的差别愈趋增大。当浓度高于1ppm时,过氧化物酶的活性不再继续降低。表油菜素内醋对过氧化物酶活性的这种抑制作用需经约1O h的滞后期。IAA氧化酶的活性变化与过氧化物酶相似,epiBR处理时间愈长酶活性增加愈趋缓慢。 经IAA处理的下胚轴,过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶的活性变化与对照无明显差异。这提示油菜素内酯与IAA促进生长可能是通过不同的作用方式。     

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的作用随处理浓度的不同而有差别。0．5mg／L对种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的促进作用,处理后的油菜幼苗下胚轴伸长,干鲜重增加,并且子叶中可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶、Ca2 -ATP酶的活性都高于对照,这表明适度的薯蓣皂素有利于油菜生长和代谢。     

亚硒酸盐对油菜幼苗硒吸收、根系形态及生理指标的影响

以甘蓝型油菜(湘农油571)为试验材料,通过溶液培养研究了外源四价硒条件下,油菜幼苗硒吸收分配、生理特性及根系形态的变化.结果表明： 油菜幼苗的硒富集能力随施硒量增加显著降低,而硒分配系数一直稳定在0.9左右,不受硒浓度影响.10 μmol·L^-1硒可以通过显著改善油菜幼苗根系生理指标和根系形态来促进油菜幼苗的生长,其对生理指标的影响主要表现为：显著降低油菜幼苗根系超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-_·)产生速率,并显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,从而显著降低根系的膜脂过氧化物质(MDA)含量,降幅达26.0%,进〖JP2〗而显著提高根系活力,增幅达17.4%;其对构型指标促进程度依次为：根体积>总表面积>分根数>总根长>根尖数>平均直径,但这些正效应均与1 μmol·L^-1硒处理无显著差异,表明少量硒(≤10 μmol·L^-1)可以通过提高油菜幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性和降低膜脂过氧化物含量,来提高根系活力和改善根系构型,最终促进油菜幼苗生长.     

不同光质对木荷、杉木幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以南方主要造林树种木荷和杉木幼苗为试验材料,研究了红光、蓝光和白光处理对幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,木荷幼苗叶片初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)和稳态荧光(Ft)均以白光最高,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ的天线转换效率(Fv'/Fm')均以白光最高,蓝光次之,红光最低。与白光处理相比,蓝光处理增强木荷幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,红光和蓝光降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增强过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量。杉木幼苗叶片Fo和Ft以红光最高,Fm和Fv以白光最高,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和Fv'/Fm'均以白光最高,蓝光次之,红光最低。不同处理间杉木幼苗叶片SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量均无显著差异,而POD活性差异显著,以白光处理最高。光质对2种树种幼苗的生长均具有调控作用,其中红光和蓝光处理均造成木荷和杉木幼苗叶片的潜在活力发生不同程度的下降,造成光胁迫,同时破坏幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统的平衡,不利于幼苗生长。     

盐胁迫对一年生盐生野大豆幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

以国际上通用的栽培大豆品种Lee68(耐盐性较强)和非盐生野大豆N23232种群(耐盐性较弱)为参照材料,研究了在低盐(150mmol·L-1NaCl)和高盐(300mmol·L-1NaCl)胁迫下,盐生野大豆BB52种群幼苗体内的O-·2水平和MDA含量,活性氧清除酶系统中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等酶活性,以及抗坏血酸(AsA)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)等活性氧清除物质含量的变化。结果表明,在150和300mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫2d时,盐生野大豆BB52种群幼苗根和叶中的O-·2产生速率下降,SOD活性上升,其中叶片表现明显,且叶中APX活性也有增加。在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,根中MDA含量均未见明显上升,叶片中略有增加。叶中AsA、Car和GSH含量均上升,且升幅相对较大。     

骆驼蓬提取物对豌豆幼苗生长的影响

用不同浓度的骆驼蓬提取物处理豌豆种子,明显导致幼苗根系活力及叶绿素和叶片可溶性蛋白质含量下降,膜透性增加。分析表明,骆驼蓬提取物处理下幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化作用增强;过氧化物酶(POD)活性提高;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低。     

肋果沙棘幼苗抗氧化酶系统及总黄酮对UV-B辐射增强的响应

该文以青藏高原特有木本植物肋果沙棘为材料,在62 μW·cm^-2的UV-B辐射强度下,分别测定处理了0～6 d幼苗叶片的氧化损伤程度、抗氧化系统酶活性和总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性,以探究肋果沙棘对UV-B辐射的生理生态响应机制。结果表明:随UV-B辐射时间的增加,肋果沙棘幼苗过氧化氢含量(H₂O₂)和膜脂过氧化产物(MDA)显著增加; 抗氧化系统酶中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高; 过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈先降后升的趋势,且活性均显著低于对照,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无明显变化; 总黄酮含量随辐射时间的积累显著增加,作为非酶抗氧化物质的总黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)的清除率与其含量变化具有显著正相关关系。综上结果表明,肋果沙棘幼苗在抵御该辐射产生的氧化损伤中,通过提高CAT活性及增加总黄酮含量来抵御辐射造成的氧化损伤     

红光,远红光和植物激素对水稻幼苗生长及CAT,POX活性的影响

红光(R)和远红光(Fr)都抑制水稻胚芽的生长,但对胚芽鞘来说,红光抑制其生长,远红光表现出部分逆转效应。一定浓度单一生长素(IAA)促进水稻胚芽鞘的生长,而赤霉素(GA_3)与生长素作用相反。对于水稻的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POX),红光促进两种酶的活性,远红光则表现出逆转效应。单一10~(-2)ppmIAA、10~(-2)ppmGA_3都促进其活性。照光时,在10~(-2)ppm IAA存在的条件下,红光表现为促进,远红光则表现为抑制;但在10~(-2)ppm GA_3存在的条件下,红光反而对两种酶的活性有抑制作用,远红光则表现为促进作用。     

镍处理对水稻叶片H202积累和抗病的诱导效应

2.20mmol/L的硝酸镍处理水稻幼苗后第3天用稻白叶枯(Xanthimonasoryzaepv.oryzae)挑战接种,硝酸镍处理的稻苗病情比对照明显减轻,并且叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)活性上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性明显下降,H     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.