Gelcasting of 316L stainless steel

A novel near-net process, gelcasting, was successfully used to prepare larger size 316L stainless steel parts with complex shape. In this study, the effects of process parameters on the viscosity of the slurry and the dry green strength were investigated. The results show that gas atomization (GA) powder is more suitable for gelcasting compared with water atomization (WA) powder. The maximum solid loading is 55vol% for ball-milled slurry with GA powders. And the optimum amounts of monomers (acrylamide (AM) methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM); the mass ratio, 30:1) and initiator in the AM system are 1.8% (based on the weight of metal powder) and 0.8%-1.4% (based on the weight of monomers), respectively, at which, the maximum green strength obtained is 33.7 MPa. The mechanical properties of the sintered specimen are as follows: ultimate tensile strength, 493 MPa; yield strength, 162 MPa; and HRB, 72.     

Gelcasting of 316L stainless steel

A novel near-net process, gelcasting, was successfully used to prepare larger size 316L stainless steel parts with complex shape. In this study, the effects of process parameters on the viscosity of the slurry and the dry green strength were investigated. The results show that gas atomization (GA) powder is more suitable for gelcasting compared with water atomization (WA) powder. The maximum solid loading is 55vol% for ball-milled slurry with GA powders. And the optimum amounts of monomers (acrylamide (AM) methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM); the mass ratio, 30:1) and initiator in the AM system are 1.8% (based on the weight of metal powder) and 0.8%-1.4% (based on the weight of monomers), respectively, at which, the maximum green strength obtained is 33.7 MPa. The mechanical properties of the sintered specimen are as follows: ultimate tensile strength, 493 MPa; yield strength, 162 MPa; and HRB, 72.     

Biocompatibility of MIM 316L stainless steel

To evaluate the biocompatibility of MIM 316L stainless steel, the percentage of S-period cells were detected by flow cytometry after L929 incubated with extraction of MIM 316L stainless steel, using titanium implant materials of clinical application as the contrast. Both materials were implanted in animal and the histopathological evaluations were carried out. The statistical analyses show that there are no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05), which demonstrates that MIM 316L stainless steel has a good biocompatibility. Foundation item: Project (2003AA302210) supported by the National Hi-tech Research Program of China     

316LN热变形行为及动态再结晶晶粒的演变规律

采用热压缩试验研究了316LN不锈钢在温度1250℃-900℃,应变速率0．005s^-1～0．5s^-1,变形程度50％条件下的变形行为和组织演变;分析了变形参数对应力-应变曲线的影响规律,计算获得了该钢热变形应力指数和激活能;并通过动态再结晶晶粒演变规律的研究,建立了该钢热变形动态再结晶图,以及动态再结晶晶粒演变规律模型。研究结果可为316LN不锈钢锻造过程晶粒细匀化的控制提供科学的依据。     

Nano-Mechanical Behavior and Nano-Tribological Properties of 316 Stainless Steel

The microstructure and nano-tribological properties of 316 austenitic stainless steel have been investigated by using the in situ nano-mechanical testing system Tribolndenter, in which six different normal forces were chosen to make a scratch and indentation. The results show that the contact depth of the indentation increases with the normal force and material is piled up on the edge of the indentation as plastic distortion. The stable nano-hardness and the reduced modulus of 316 austenitic stainless steel are approximately 6 GPa and 160 GPa, respectively. The friction coefficients of 316 stainless steel with conic-type diamond tip have a typical value of about 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, 0.22 and 0.25 when the normal forces are kept at 500 μN, 1000 μN, 1500 μN, 2000 μN, 2500 μN and 3000 μN, revealing an increasing trend with the normal forces. The increase of the friction coefficient in the unloading segment may result from the adhesion force caused by the material piled up.     

316L不锈钢表面仿生合成磷灰石涂层

将316L不锈钢经化学预处理和热处理后,先后在单倍和1.5倍模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡,通过在模拟体液中添加适量的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和P2O5以增强诱导羟基磷灰石(HA)的形核。用扫描电镜(SEM)和EDS能谱对涂层的表面形貌和表面组成进行了分析。结果表明:模拟体液中加入适量的Ca(NO3)2和P2O5有利于基片表面沉积均匀的HA涂层;本研究中加入1.4mmol的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O时,沉积的Ca、P原子相对百分比较多,且Ca/P比接近于HA中的比例。     

316L不锈钢表面仿生合成磷灰石涂层

将316L不锈钢经化学预处理和热处理后,先后在单倍和1.5倍模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡,通过在模拟体液中添加适量的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和P2O5以增强诱导羟基磷灰石(HA)的形核。用扫描电镜(SEM)和EDS能谱对涂层的表面形貌和表面组成进行了分析。结果表明:模拟体液中加入适量的Ca(NO3)2和P2O5有利于基片表面沉积均匀的HA涂层;本研究中加入1.4mmol的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O时,沉积的Ca、P原子相对百分比较多,且Ca/P比接近于HA中的比例。     

316L不锈钢焊缝联合防护技术研究

利用阴极保护和涂层相结合的联合保护技术提高316L不锈钢焊缝的耐腐蚀性能.通过测量试样的阴极极化曲线,分析了涂层和阴极保护之间的相容性;通过测量带有涂层的焊缝附近的极化曲线,确定了其自腐蚀电位;通过测量焊件不同区域的交流阻抗Bode图,并利用相关计算方法得出各区域的最佳保护电位;最后,利用保护度计算公式对焊件三区联合保护效果进行比较分析.结果表明:环氧煤沥青涂层与阴极保护之间具有良好的相容性,带涂层的不锈钢焊缝在阴极最佳保护电位下,腐蚀速率大大降低.因此,联合保护能够使不锈钢焊缝区达到很高的保护度.     

Sintering behaviors of porous 316L stainless steel fiber felt

Isothermal sintering experiments were performed on the 316 L stainless steel fiber felts with fiber diameters of 8 μm and20 μm. Surface morphologies of the sintered specimens were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy. The results show that the amount of the sintering necks and the relative densities of the fiber felt increase with the increasing of both the sintering temperature and the sintering time. And the activation energies estimated present a decline at high relative densities for both 8 μm and 20 μm fiber felts. Moreover, the sintering densification of the fiber felts is dominated by volume diffusion mechanism at low temperature and relative densities. As more grain boundaries are formed at higher temperature and relative density, grain boundary diffusion will also contribute to the densification of the specimen.     

光耦合器HCPL-316J在IGBT驱动电路中的应用

为避免常用IGBT驱动模块外围电路复杂,保护功能欠缺,工作稳定性和可靠性不足的缺陷,引入了门极驱动光耦合器HCPL-316J,给出了一种应用HCPL-316J的典型电路,对其结构及工作原理进行了分析.通过实验验证了该器件在IGBT动电路中的可靠性和实用性.     

Fretting corrosion of surgical 316L stainless steel in saline solutions

A new simulation system for the laboratory investigation of fretting wear is developed. It consist of a mechanism device, a electrochemical cell and a datum acqulsition and process software. Fretting of surgical 316L stainlesssteel in saline is studied. The results show that electrochemical corrosion is enhanced by fretting and anodic currentdensity under fretting is 100 times than static condition. Fretting corrosion is a mechanic -elec trochemical al Process.     

Physico-chemical properties and microstructure of hydroxyapatite-316L stainless steel biomaterials

Sintering shrinkage, compressive strength, bending strength, metallurgical morphology, microstructure and chemical composition diffusion of hydroxyapatite-316L stainless steel(HA-316L SS) composites were investiga-ted. The results show that the sintering shrinkage of HA-316L SS composites decreases from 27.38O/6o to 8.87% for cylinder sample or from 27.18% to 8.62% for cuboid sample with decreasing the volume ratio of HA to 316L SS,which leads to higher sintering activity of HA compared with that of 316L SS. The compressive strength of HA-316L SS composites changes just like parabolic curve (245.3→126.3→202.8 MPa) with reducing the volume ratio of HA to 316L SS. Bending strength increases from 86.3MPa to 124. 2 MPa with increasing the content of 316L SS. Furthermore, comprehensive mechanical properties of 1.0：3.0 (volume ratio of HA to 316L SS) composite are optimal with compressive strength and bending strength equal to 202. 8 MPa and 124. 2 MPa, respectively. The microstructure and metallurgical structure vary regularly with the volume ratio of HA to 316L SS. Some chemical reaction takes place at the interface of the composites during sintering.     

Passivation Mechanism of 316L Stainless Steel in Oxidizing Acid Solution

The compositions and the chemical valence states of elements of 316L stainless steel passive film formed in the oxidizing acid solution were studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The electrochemical polarization curve was measured. The passivation process in the oxidizing acid solution was studied by AC impedance technology. The results indicated that the stable compounds layer was formed on the surface of the sample and the adsorption was the main step in the nitrite solution during passivation process. The catalysis passivation mechanism was put forward according to the experimental results. During passivation process, the water molecule was adsorbed on the surface of the sample at first in the oxidizing acid solution. The oxidizer in the solution played a role as catalyst. The oxide and hydroxide, which could be changed each other and finally formed stable passive film, were generated from adsorbing intermediate under the catalytic action. The mathematical models for predicting the steady polarization curve and the AC impedance spectra at certain conditions have been obtained. The passivation mechanism of 316L stainless steel in the oxidizing acid solution can be interpreted by the catalysis passivation mechanism.     

316LN钢高温塑性及其断口特征

利用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机,对316LN钢进行温度为950~1200℃,应变速率分别为0.005、0.05、0.5和1s-1的热力模拟试验。借助扫描电镜(SEM)对断口进行观察,研究316LN钢的高温塑性及高温断裂机制。结果表明:316LN钢高温断裂为韧性断裂,随着温度和应变速率的增加,韧窝尺寸增大,深度增加,塑性增加。同时,采用回归方法构建了断裂应变、塑性指标(延伸率和断面收缩率)分别与变形条件(温度和应变速率)的关系模型,应用这些模型可以计算一定条件下316LN钢的断裂应变、延伸率和断面收缩率,对制定316LN钢的锻造工艺有一定的指导作用。     

Ratcheting boundary of 316LN austenitic stainless steel under thermal aging

Science China Technological Sciences - Previous studies, including ASME and RCC-MR standards, did not consider the influence of environmental factors on the ratcheting boundary of the material, and...     

一种核级316LN钢的相图计算与微合金化设计

用热力学方法计算了一种核级316LN钢及其在Nb、V微合金化条件下的伪二元平衡相图,研究了不同温度下钢的平衡相组成。结果表明,316LN钢中的主要析出相为Cr2N、M23C6、和相,Nb微合金化316LN钢中会形成含C的MX,有望提高材料的力学性能和耐晶间应力腐蚀性能,V微合金化316LN钢中会形成VN,但对稳定C的作用不大。     

ZrO2/316L不锈钢复合材料的SEM分析

采用热压（ＨＰ）烧结法制备了ＺｒＯ２／３１６Ｌ不锈钢复合材料．利用三点弯曲、单边切口梁(ＳＥＮＢ）等方法测定了材料的力学性能．通过扫描电镜(ＳＥＭ）现察复合材料的显微组织结构，研究 分析了材料在静载荷下的断裂机理．     

316L不锈钢的高压增氮与脱氧研究

采用真空/高压感应炉在0.1~1.0 MPa高纯氮气氛下熔炼316L不锈钢,分析了氮的溶解度与氮分压之间的关系。氮在316L不锈钢中的溶解服从Sievert定律。采用热力学数据预测了不同氮分压下316L不锈钢中氮的溶解度,计算结果表明,预测值与实验值相吻合。采用铝、硅钙以及二者混合进行脱氧,总氧含量可以达到20×10-4%以下,提出了制备低氧高氮316L不锈钢的实验条件。     

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Arc Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

The gas tungsten arc welding based additive manufacturing (GTAW-AM) was carried out by printing 316L austenitic stainless steel on carbon steel substrate with different arc currents (140,160,180 A).Microstructure and corrosion resistance of additive manufactured components were investigated.The results show that the microstructure of the GTAW-AM austenitic stainless steel is obviously changed by the arc current.With arc current increasing from 140 to 180 A,the austenite grains become coarse due to the effect of welding heat input.Meanwhile,the quantity of ferrites in the austenite matrix is decreased and the morphology transforms from lath to skeleton.Moreover,σ phases are finally formed under the arc currents of 180 A owing to high welding heat input.Therefore,as the microstructure transform into coarse-grained austenites,low-quantity ferrites and new-generated σ phases,the GTAW-AM austenitic stainless steel presents a significantly decrease in corrosion resistance.And the reduction of corrosion resistance is mainly due to the formation of σ phase as a result from consuming the large amounts of Cr element from the matrix.     

316L不锈钢激光熔覆层的组织及硬度分析

在304不锈钢表面预置316L不锈钢粉末,采用CO2激光器熔覆制备316L粉末涂层.观察了激光熔覆表面形貌的成形质量,研究了不同工艺参数对熔覆层微观组织、显微硬度和材料成分的影响.结果表明:熔覆涂层无明显裂纹、气孔等缺陷,与基材结合良好;熔覆层是由细小等轴晶和柱状晶组成,且当激光功率为1.5 kW时,奥氏体晶粒更加均匀、细小;激光功率对熔覆层的显微硬度影响不大,激光熔覆前后,组织成分(质量分数,全文同)没有明显变化,316L不锈钢熔覆粉末适用于304不锈钢基材的修复.