三维电极生物膜脱氮系统的电场响应性

研究三维电极-生物膜反应器对加载电场的响应性,为寻求反应器有效合理的自动控制方式提供理论指导.为了充分利用三维电极体系阳极产氧为硝化菌提供好氧环境实现氨氮硝化,利用阴极产氢为反硝化菌提供缺/厌氧环境和电子供体实现反硝化脱氮,实验设计并稳定运行了三维电极-生物膜脱氮反应器.通过考察不同电流密度条件下,系统溶解氧(DO)、pH、脱氮性能的变化,研究电流密度对三维电极-生物膜反应器中微生物生长的微环境和微生物反硝化脱氮所需电子供体的影响,评价三维电极-生物膜脱氮系统的电场响应性.结果表明,在电流密度为0.013 4 mA/cm2时,NH+-N转化率可达90％,NO3--N和TN去除率70％以上;三维电极-生物膜脱氮系统的极限电流密度在0.020 1 mA/cm2附近;极限电流密度范围内,电流密度引起系统DO、pH的变化均在系统承受范围内;电流密度的提高可提高阴极NO3--N反硝化效率,但对阳极NH4+-N的硝化无明显影响,极限电流密度范围内均无NO2--N积累.     

电极-生物膜法去除亚硝酸盐氮的试验研究

采用电极生物膜法处理含亚硝酸盐的废水.研究结果表明,电极生物膜法比单纯生物膜法反硝化效率高出40%;间歇式反应器比连续式反应器反硝化效率高出20%~30%;在m(C)/m(N)=1.5,I=40 mA,HRT=12 h的条件下,亚硝酸盐氮去除率最高可以达93%.     

电极生物膜法应用于污水脱氮环节的试验研究

该文以胶凝材料基电极作阳极,搭建电极生物膜反应器(BER),采用人工配制的模拟废水验证了电极的稳定性和导电性。结合ANAMMOX工艺,通过研究BER对工艺出水的处理效果,得出温度为28℃,C/N为1,HRT为6h时,反应器的最佳电流密度为0.09m A/cm2;当加载电流为286m A时,反应器出水中硝酸盐氮和总氮的浓度分别4.86mg/L和10.73mg/L。结果表明:胶凝材料基电极能有效解决传统电极存在的易腐蚀、寿命短、高成本等问题,满足在BER中使用的性能要求,且反应器对ANAMMOX出水有较好的处理效果。     

极板材料对三维电极反应器中电极电位分布形式的影响

对废水处理所使用的以颗粒状活性炭为填料的三维电极反应器中电极电位的分布进行了测定，并根据测定结果，将不同极板材料(包括铜、不锈钢、钛、铅、铁、铝、镍、石墨、表层镀有Ir和Ru的钛网)反应器中电极电位的分布状况归为中心对称无极值型、中心对称极值型和非对称无交点型．同时，测定了不同反应器中不同电压下的电流值，发现在个别反应器中电流与电压之间偏离了线性关系。     

三维电解法处理难降解废水中的粒子电极研究进展

在工业生产活动中排出的难降解废水污染物浓度高、毒性大且可生化性较差,对人体和环境造成了严重危害。三维电极体系是在传统二维电极体系中填充粒子电极使得污染物在粒子电极和电极板表面发生反应,具有降解效率较高、操作简单、绿色环保等优点。文章对三维电极体系中粒子电极的分类、负载改性方法、负载物以及降解机理进行了综述,并对粒子电极的制备、改性优化和应用前景进行了展望。优化粒子电极能提高其电解效率,降低运行成本,可为三维电解法在难降解废水处理中的实际应用提供技术支撑。     

微生物膜电极法测定BOD研究的进展

本文根据近十年来国内外发表的用微生物膜电极法测定 BOD 研究的论文,综述了对这种新型方法研究的进展情况,包括概况、微生物膜电极的制备及测量装置、电极性能试验和应用情况及存在的问题等。     

电激发羟基自由基降解氰化物的实验研究

该文采用三维电极反应器实验装置,利用电激发羟基自由基的强氧化性来处理氰化物,将其氧化分解为二氧化碳和氮氧化合物。反应器使用石墨极作为阴阳电极,颗粒活性炭填充在石墨电极间作为粒子电极,采用直流电源进行供电,分析了在该三维电极系统中,进水浓度,进水pH值、施加电压以及反应时间等因素对氰化物降解率的影响。试验数据表明,采用三维电板激发羟基自由基处理电镀含氰废水,去除率可高达90%以上。随着施加电压的增加、反应时间的延长,氰去除率均增大,但降解速度变缓。     

生物膜电极法降解2,4-二氯苯酚

以2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）为目标污染物, 在隔膜式电解槽中研究不同离子交换膜对生物膜电极法处理2,4-DCP的影响. 结果表明: 阴离子交换膜有利于2,4-DCP在生物膜电极上的转化及去除中间产物; 生物膜电极保存的时间越长, 其对2,4-DCP的降解效果越差, 生物膜电极的使用寿命逐渐下降.     

不同因素对三维电极体系电极电位的影响

反应器采用颗粒状活性炭为填料，中间位置添加隔膜，研究了不同条件下三维电极体系电极电位的分布规律及其影响因素．结果表明，三维电极阴极和阳极区靠近隔膜处的电极电位绝对值明显高于靠近两极处的电极电位，且阴极和阳极区电极电位绝对值都随外加电压的增大而上升．阴极板材料性质决定了阴极板电极电位的高低：阴极板材料还原性能愈强，其极板电极电位负值绝对值愈大；阴极板材料还原性能愈弱，其极板电极电位负值绝对值愈小．不同厚度隔膜处理不会影响极板电极电位高低，也不会影响阳极反应区电极电位大小，但能提高三维电极体系还原区的还原能力．与低浓度的反应溶液相比不仅提高了阴极反应区电极电位，还能影响极板电极电位的高低．     

三维电极电-Fenton法处理硝基苯废水试验

目的 研究三维电极电-Fenton法处理硝基苯废水的工艺条件及各因素的影响规律,为电-Fenton法在硝基苯废水处理领域的应用提供技术支撑。方法 通过单因素试验,分析pH值、电流强度、极板间距及曝气强度等对处理废水效果的影响;通过正交试验确定最优反应条件。结果 Fe-C电极的处理效果优于C-C电极,活性炭和纳米铁混合三维粒子电极的处理效果优于其他两种单一粒子三维电极。初始pH值、极板间距、电流强度、曝气强度对三维电极电-Fenton法处理硝基苯废水的效果有影响,当初始pH值为3.5、极板间距为8 cm、电流为1.5 A、曝气强度0.8 m³/h时,COD平均去除率可达到83.01%。结论 三维电极电-Fenton法的氧化能力高于传统电-Fenton法,对硝基苯废水具有较理想的处理效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to