环氧胶粘剂及其胶接界面热氧老化机理研究

采用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜对环氧胶粘剂的热氧老化机理进行了研究。同时,对环氧胶接结构进行了力学性能分析,研究了热氧环境对其力学性能退化的影响。结果表明,环氧胶粘剂在热氧加速老化中发生的化学反应主要有后固化反应和氧化反应。热氧老化过程中,环氧胶中的羟基被氧化为醛基化合物,亚甲基被氧化为酰胺。热氧加速老化后的力学性能表明,环氧胶材料本体的耐老化性能好,界面粘接强度具有较好的稳定性。     

芳纶增强环氧柔性复合材料耐介质老化行为研究

采用芳纶织物与柔性环氧树脂复合，获得高柔韧性的芳纶织物增强环氧复合材料。将柔性复合材料浸泡于一定温度下的原油和盐水两种介质中，研究了温度和介质对其外观形貌和力学性能的影响，并采用Γ.M.Gunyaev中值老化方程估算其5年后拉伸断裂强力保留率。结果表明：试样浸泡至不同温度同一介质中，高温比低温对其外观产生的影响更明显，试样树脂颜色均由无色变成深黑色，试样浸泡至同一温度不同介质中，原油和盐水对试样外观影响效果一致；试样的拉伸断裂强力随浸泡时间的延长表现出先增大后减小的趋势；经2万次屈挠试验，老化1年的试样未破坏；采用中值老化方程估算，在80℃原油浸泡5年后的试样其拉伸断裂强力保留率最低，为62.74%。     

不同热氧环境对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

不同热氧环境(70,130,190℃)对碳纤维复合材料的性能有着重要的影响。分析了不同热氧环境下T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的失重特性,并对比了老化前后的表面形貌、红外光谱、动态力学性能和层间剪切性能。结果表明:在热氧老化初始阶段,质损率急速上升,老化温度越高质量损失越快;试样表面形貌随热氧温度的升高其破坏程度逐渐加剧,在190℃老化后,纤维表面树脂脱落严重,纤维与纤维之间出现裂缝空隙,无树脂填充,在此老化温度下,试样发生了不可逆化学变化;试样的玻璃化转变温度会随老化温度的升高而变大,但内耗呈现先降低后增大再降低的趋势,在70,130,190℃热氧老化后试样剪切强度分别提高6.0%,13.7%和2.1%。相关实验结果和实验现象可为后续研究新型国产T800碳纤维/环氧复合材料提供数据参考。     

热氧老化过程中特种氟硅橡胶力学及热学性能分析研究

考察了热氧老化过程中不同老化温度点及不同老化时间下特种氟硅橡胶力学性能的变化情况,并利用热重分析技术研究了热氧老化对氟硅橡胶热失重的影响。结果表明,氟硅橡胶的拉伸强度及扯断伸长率随老化时间的增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,这可能是由于材料的交联密度在老化过程中先增加后减小引起的,而材料的回弹性及硬度在整个老化过程未出现明显变化。经高温长时间热氧老化后,材料仍能保持较好的力学性能,且不同老化时间段内试样的热失重曲线基本一致,表明氟硅橡胶具有较好的热氧稳定性。     

环氧树脂粘合剂热氧老化行为研究

研究了环氧树脂粘合剂的热氧老化行为,并用热失重分析仪(TG)和傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析了其热氧老化的机理.结果表明,环氧胶接接头的剪切强度随着老化时间的增加,呈现出先增加后下降的趋势,并且其下降幅度随老化温度的增加而增大;在较低温度条件下粘合剂的失重是由脱湿或试样中低分子物的挥发造成的,而在较高温度条件下,粘合剂的失重主要是由老化过程中粘合剂分解产生的低分子量挥发物造成的;空气中的氧气是影响粘合剂热降解的重要因素.     

原位红外光谱研究白油的热氧老化过程

采用原位红外研究了白油在氧气中的热氧老化过程．并通过热分析动力学研究了其热氧老化的反应速率及反应机理。研究表明．白油在热氧老化过程中主要发生断链和氧化反应。白油的断链为一级反应。在白油中加入多种不同类型添加剂,可以发现,白油的分解、断链和氧化均有不同程度的减弱。     

热氧老化对碳纤维织物增强聚合物基复合材料弯曲性能的影响

为了探索增强体结构对碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CF-PMCs)热氧老化后弯曲性能的影响,对三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧复合材料(简称为三维编织复合材料)和层合平纹碳布/环氧复合材料(简称为层合复合材料)的热氧老化性能进行了研究。利用FTIR、老化失重、弯曲测试和SEM等手段分析了热氧老化前后的试样。结果表明:热氧老化导致基体树脂的氧化断链以及纤维/基体界面结合力的退化是两种复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量下降的原因,弯曲强度比弯曲模量更容易受热氧老化的影响。在相同的热氧老化条件下,层合复合材料的热氧老化失重大于三维编织复合材料的,而三维编织复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量保留率均大于层合复合材料的。在140℃下老化1 200h后,层合复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量保留率分别为74.7%和88.3%,而对应的三维编织复合材料的分别为79.4%和91.5%。因此,采用三维编织预制件作为CF-PMCs的增强体是一种有效的提高其热氧稳定性的方法。     

热氧老化对阻燃型长玻纤增强尼龙6静动态力学及降解动力学的影响

研究了160℃不同热氧老化时间对阻燃型长玻纤增强尼龙6(FR/PA6/LGF)复合材料的静、动态力学性能及降解行为的影响。热与氧对FR/PA6/LGF复合材料的影响通过差示量热分析、动态力学性能分析、扫描电镜及力学性能表征。结果表明,虽然由动态力学性能分析可知热氧老化使得树脂基体分子链的刚性增加,但最终基体分子链断裂、降解导致老化试样表面出现的凹坑、微裂纹和脱粘在老化进程中占据了主导地位。利用Ozawa法求出了不同老化时间处理后FR/PA6/LGF热氧降解反应的活化能,结果表明热氧老化降低了阻燃材料的热稳定性,影响了其在不同燃烧区的阻燃效率。     

热氧老化作用对丁腈橡胶力学性能和摩擦学行为的影响

对丁腈橡胶在热氧环境下进行了加速老化及老化状态下的摩擦学性能实验,在不同温度和时间的老化实验基础上,利用静态拉伸试验机、SEM、EDS和3 D光学轮廓等方法考察了老化前后及程度对橡胶力学性能、摩擦学性能随老化温度和时间的变化情况,探讨了丁腈橡胶热氧老化后的性能衰退、磨损表面微观形貌变化和磨损机制演变行为.结果表明:老化温度和时间对橡胶力学性能有重要影响;橡胶伸长率以及断裂应力随老化时间的延长逐渐降低,且随老化温度的提高,温度小幅增加会导致力学性能显著下降;橡胶硬度对温度的变化更敏感,邵氏硬度演变曲线随温度的增加由低速线性变更为先快后慢式增长;因老化程度的不同,将橡胶老化的演变规律划分为A,B,C 3个区域,区域间的损伤机制呈现差异化,磨损机制由黏着磨损逐渐转变为磨粒磨损或疲劳、磨粒共存的损伤机制.     

紫外光辐照对注射成型聚碳酸酯制品光学性能和拉伸性能的影响

本文研究了紫外光辐照对注射成型聚碳酸酯制品的光学性能和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,紫外老化240h后,制品表面发生了光-弗里斯重排和光氧化反应,生成了有色基团,制品颜色变黄,紫外吸光率增加;拉伸强度和韧性降低。热氧老化对照实验表明,在60℃下,紫外光辐照对注射成型聚碳酸酯制品性能降低起主要作用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.