香港节段梁预制施工技术

预制节段梁桥以其结构受力明确、施工进度快、造价低、工艺简单和成熟等优点,在港珠澳大桥、发达地区城市建设等方面得到广泛采用。论文通过东江口预制厂在建不同项目的节段梁预制施工,重点介绍短线匹配法的原理、模板选型、数据监控以及工艺,使节段梁预制施工技术水平得到极大提高。     

节段箱梁短线法预制的关键技术

预制节段箱梁是实现桥梁节段法拼装施工中的重要构件,由于该种预制构件是采用横向对整跨粱进行分块,有别于传统预制梁的纵向分块方式,因此如何实现预制梁成跨后的线形是节段梁预制的关键。短线法节段粱预制工法引入三维测量控制概念,通过常规的测量手段和特殊的模具系统实现对匹配节段定位精度的要求,从而达到控制桥梁线形的目的。     

高速铁路56m简支梁节段预制与拼装控制工艺研究

以银西高铁站前4标控制性工程漠谷河2#特大桥为例,其中15孔56m预应力混凝土简支箱梁采用节段预制拼装工艺。基于此工程,对节段梁的长短线结合预制方法、施工拼装的线型控制技术以及节段环氧树脂胶接施工工艺进行了详细的研究,以期对后续类似大跨度高铁桥梁节段拼装法施工提供相关的经验。     

上海长江隧桥60m节段梁短线法匹配预制施工工艺

大型桥身节段预制拼装技术具有保证施工质量、加快施工进度、减少施工对环境影响等优点,但由于短线法预制技术施工精度要求高、前期投入较大,目前仍处于研究和推广阶段。上海长江隧桥60m连续梁成功采用节段梁短线法预制施工工艺,为节段预制拼装施工及工厂化生产积累了一定的经验。     

市域铁路节段梁短线法预制线形控制调整技术

为解决市域铁路节段预制箱梁线形误差问题,本文结合郑州至许昌市域铁路双线预应力混凝土简支箱梁短线法施工,开展了节段梁预制线形误差纠偏施工方法进行研究,介绍了三维线形控制方案、平竖线形要素调整方法以及验收标准,为节段梁拼装线形控制调整提供借鉴。     

下行式架桥机预制节段拼装施工技术在广州市地铁四号线工程中的应用

广州地铁4号线地上部分为高架简支梁结构，全部采用预制节段梁拼装工艺。针对现场施工条件，通过节段梁拼装方案比较，采用了下行式架桥机桥下喂梁方案。叙述了预制节段梁拼装成整跨梁的施工工艺，取得了加快进度，对周边环境影响小的效果。     

节段预制拼装连续刚构在桥梁工程中的应用

广州市轨道交通十四号线高架桥梁标准段在国内创新首次大规模、长距离采用节段预制拼装连续刚构形式,上部结构采用预制节段拼装组合箱梁,下部结构采用薄壁墩。介绍了现浇法结合短线法节段预制梁胶拼、整孔架设、湿接缝及后浇段浇筑、整联箱梁预应力张拉的施工方法,为今后类似工程的施工提供借鉴。     

短线匹配法预制箱梁施工技术

文章结合苏通大桥B2和D1标节段梁的预制施工工程实例,介绍了短线匹配法预制节段梁的工艺流程、施工工艺和操作要点。     

预应力混凝土箱梁短线台节段预制关键技术

本文阐述了预应力混凝土箱梁预制节段短线台施工工艺及原理;短线台施工几何控制的关键技术是匹配梁的定位,从测量系统的建立、空间定位程序的运用来解释短线法的匹配调整基本原理,给出了短线台节段梁预制法的模板设计以及现场几何控制及调整程序的控制要点。     

基于桥梁施工中短线法预制节段施工工艺探讨

短线法预制节段施工是桥梁工程建设中的常见技术,能够有效提升工程质量,保障桥梁道路使用安全。在短线法预制节段施工过程中,施工工艺能够直接影响桥梁工程质量与桥梁线形。施工人员需要对短线法预制节段施工工艺进行控制,从而保障桥梁线形及质量。文章主要对节段梁构造进行分析,从模板施工、钢筋施工、混凝土施工等方面进行施工工艺分析,并对该技术使用要点进行探讨。     

水压作用对通缝拼装管片结构力学性能的影响研究

以苏通GIL综合管廊工程为背景开展了通缝拼装方式下的原型试验,从水压对管片环的受力、形变及抗裂性方面着手,对通缝拼装条件下水压力对管片结构力学性能影响进行了研究。试验结果表明：①通缝拼装管片结构在拱顶位置出现较大的位移,水压力的增大对管片结构拱顶形变和整体椭圆变形的控制有良好的效果,但管片最大单点位移相比椭圆度更易达到限值;②通缝拼装管片结构建议取单点最大形变率2‰~2.5‰作为形变控制标准;③在高水压作用下通缝拼装管片结构的纵缝张开主要发生在封顶块附近,由于该处纵缝密集、结构刚度最小、变形最大所致,水压力的增大对该处纵缝张开有明显的限制作用,且可减小相应连接螺栓的受力;④水压力的增大会较大幅度地提升管片的抗裂性能,并减小管片主筋的拉应力,但也会使主筋的压应力和箍筋应力有较大幅度的升高;⑤水压力的升高在一定程度上提高了管片结构的受力性能,但高水压使管片结构处于高轴压受力状态,易发生纵缝处的压剪破坏,该破坏具突发性。研究成果对水下盾构隧道的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

盾构隧道通、错缝拼装管片受力及变形比较

通缝、错缝管片在国内盾构隧道施工中均有运用,关于两种衬砌形式孰优孰劣的争论一直存在.基于两种衬砌的结构特征,采用修正的地层弹簧模型,结合南京地铁一号线的工程实例,对通、错缝拼装隧道衬砌使用阶段的受力及变形进行了对比分析.得出了一些有益的结论,为设计施工提供参考.     

预应力节段预制拼装桥墩抗震性能研究综述

为进一步推动预应力节段预制拼装桥墩在高烈度区桥梁工程中的应用,从自复位能力、耗能能力、底节段容许损伤能力和基于性能的抗震设计方法4个方面系统梳理和总结了各国学者开展的相关研究,并指出了当前研究存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。结果表明:无粘结预应力筋能提供更好的自复位能力,桥墩震后残余变形很小;相对于现浇桥墩,该形式桥墩耗能能力较差,需要设置专门的耗能装置,其中外置耗能装置震后可更换,更值得推广;预应力节段预制拼装桥墩鲁棒性差,必须注意提高底节段容许损伤能力;针对预应力节段预制拼装桥墩的基于性能抗震设计才刚刚起步,需要进一步发展。     

Numerical investigation into the composite behaviour of over-deformed segmental tunnel linings strengthened by bonding steel plates

Bonding steel plate has been used as a strengthening approach to repair disrupted segmental lining of operational tunnels. This paper introduces numerical investigation into the composite behaviour of the initially deformed segmental tunnel linings strengthened by bonding steel plates using finite element modelling. Cohesive zone modelling was used to simulate the interface bonding behaviour between the segmental linings and steel plates. The full history of the tunnel behaviour before and after strengthening were simulated, where the segmental tunnel lining is initially loaded to create some deformation, then after bonding steel plate, the strengthened tunnel is reloaded until failure occurs. By comparing the results with experimental data from the literature, the proposed model was proved to be capable of simulating the strengthened lining behaviour and able to capture the strengthening failure process in terms of the interface debonding. Subsequently, the segmental lining response and interface shear stress distribution and propagation were analysed to interpret the interaction and failure mechanism of the steel plate strengthened segmental linings. The influence of the initial deformation and the steel plate thickness were investigated and discussed in terms of the strengthened stiffness and capacity. It has been found that the interface shear stress concentration occurred at the positions of the segment joints, where bond damage first initiated. The ultimate failure of the steel plate strengthening happened suddenly once a local debonding zone close to the segmental joint was formed. In addition, the predicted results indicate that a delay in strengthening would result in an increase in strengthened capacity but a decrease in strengthened stiffness. By using thicker steel plates, the strengthened stiffness was improved, while the strengthened capacity could be improved only if the thickness was relatively thin.     

大断面越江地铁盾构隧道衬砌结构方案研究

文章以武汉轨道交通8号线一期工程越江隧道为背景,针对越江隧道断面大、水压高、穿越地层软硬不均,运营期水位涨跌以及河床冲淤变化幅度大的特征,通过建立能较为真实反应接头刚度和不均匀地层影响的地层-管片-内衬模型,研究“单层管片”、“管片+双侧非封闭内衬”、“管片+底部非封闭内衬”以及“管片+全环内衬”结构型式下,管片及内衬的受力变形特性。研究结果表明:水位升高使管片偏心距减小,河床淤积使管片偏心距增大,在地层较弱区域管片弯矩明显增大。施作内衬后,管片受力最大减小16%,拱顶下沉最大减小28%,结构的长期安全和稳定性增强,但会增加施工难度、工期和造价。考虑到内衬能在隧道火灾、撞击时对结构起到较好的保护,并且“底部非封闭内衬”能最大程度的减小结构受力,对工期影响较小,推荐采用“管片+底部非封闭内衬”结构方案。     

错缝拼装衬砌纵向螺栓剪切模型的研究

首先，建点三维有限元模型对盾构法隧道错缝拼装衬砌进行了分析；然后，在对三维有限元分析结果研究的基础上，建立了环缝处的纵向螺栓剪切模型，利用该模型可以计算得到错缝拼装衬砌二维梁-弹簧模型中环间剪切弹簧的刚度；最后，把此剪切模型应用到错缝衬砌的二维分析中，通过与三维计算结果的对比，认为螺栓剪切模型可以较好地模拟错缝隧道三维工作状态中纵向螺栓的剪切作用。     

Squeezing loading of segmental linings and the effect of backfilling

Overstressing of the segmental lining is one of the major hazard scenarios related to shielded TBM tunnelling in squeezing ground. The present paper deals with this specific problem, addressing the key question of the ground pressure acting upon a segmental lining installed behind a single shielded TBM. Starting with a structured discussion of the influencing factors and their interactions, the paper investigates how the type, location and thickness of the backfilling play an important role with respect to the loading of a segmental lining. Secondly, it explains how to take due account of the actual thickness of the backfilling (which is not known a priori since it depends on the deformations of the bored profile) in a numerical simulation. Thirdly, the paper advances a number of theory-based decision aids which cover the relevant range of ground parameters, initial stress, segmental lining and backfilling characteristics, thus supporting rapid initial assessments of the ground pressure acting upon a segmental lining and making a valuable contribution to the decision-making process.     

地铁盾构隧道衬砌结构变形及破坏探讨

盾构隧道衬砌结构的变形与破坏模式受接头的力学性能控制,但目前国内地铁盾构隧道接头形式多样,不同形式的接头对整环结构受力性能的影响机理还不清晰。基于足尺试验,分别研究单环、多环的国内典型地铁直螺栓接头衬砌结构、弯螺栓接头衬砌结构、快速接头衬砌结构的受力性能,对比分析其正常运营状态的变形、周边扰动下的破坏模式与极限承载力。结果表明：①通缝拼装盾构隧道衬砌结构的性能由纵缝接头性能决定,提高纵缝接头延性可使结构破坏模式从接头处连接件脆性断裂转变为结构整体失稳;②错缝结构性能取决于环间相互作用强弱,随着环间相互作用的增强,结构首个塑性铰位置从纵缝接头向管片本体转移;③可通过环间、环内的协调设计,优化结构正常运营状态基本受力性能,提高结构极限承载力并使结构发生延性破坏。     

Experimental investigation of the ultimate bearing capacity of continuously jointed segmental tunnel linings

The serviceability of segmental tunnel linings is attracting more and more attention within the operation of urban rail traffic. Full-scale tests are herein conducted to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of continuously jointed segmental tunnel linings, considering changes of surrounding environment. The design of tested linings and loading schemes are described. The most important results are the evolution of deformations, cracking and opening of joints and forces in bolts. The bearing capacity, role of joint bolts and failure mechanism of the tested linings are analysed. It is found that failure of these linings is caused by the failure of joints. Thus, in order to optimise structural design of tunnel linings, more attention needs to be paid to maximise the joint strength. It is also found that circumferential joint bolts could take action and offer the safety margin in connection with the response of segmental structures. What’s more, a comparison of different experimental loading conditions has shown that segmental lining structures are more vulnerable to lateral unloading than to overload conditions.     

复杂接缝面管片接头的力学性能数值分析

根据武汉长江隧道工程管片接头所具有的复杂接缝结构特点,采用三维非线性有限元方法,对管片混凝土和接头承压衬垫均采用非线性材料性质,对螺栓采用三维实体结构模拟并考虑了螺栓预紧力的作用,对榫头采用三维实体模拟并考虑了接触关系,完成了对管片接头力学特征的分析研究。分析表明,接头弯曲刚度随接头弯矩增大而明显减小,但当弯矩增至一定程度后,接头切线弯曲刚度反有轻微增大;随接头弯矩的增长,端面混凝土最大压应力也相应增大,但当接头弯矩增到一定程度后,接头端面混凝土最大压应力数值趋于稳定不变;随接头正弯矩增大,弯螺栓拉应力将有明显提高,而随接头负弯矩增大,弯螺栓拉应力将会有所衰减。研究结论可供类似盾构隧道工程参考。