基于小波分析和自相关计算的非接触式生理信号检测

采用调频连续波（Frequency modulated continuous wave, FMCW）雷达实现非接触式生理信号检测,并提出了基于小波分析和自相关计算（Wavelet analysis and autocorrelation computation, WAAC）的检测方法。首先,毫米波FMCW雷达发射电磁波信号,并接收来自身体的反射信号。然后,通过信号预处理从中频信号中提取包含呼吸和心跳的相位信息,消除直流偏置并完成相位解缠。最后,基于小波包分解（Wavelet packet decomposition, WPD）从原始信号中得到心跳和呼吸信号,利用自相关计算减小杂波对心跳信号的影响,进而提取高精度的心率参数。应用FMCW雷达对10名受试者进行实验测试,结果表明本文方法得到的呼吸和心率的平均绝对误差率平均值分别小于1.65%和1.83%。      

小波变换在弹丸超声阵列中的应用

弹丸超声阵列中检测到的超声波信号信噪比较低,易于被噪声信号湮没,需要对采集信号进行去噪.本文拟采用小波去噪方法对检测到的信号进行去噪,根据弹丸超声波信号的脉冲特性,选取小波基函数中的sym8小波.通过对几种去噪方法对比分析,结果表明,采用Birge-Massart算法选取阈值后,使用改进的Garrote阈值方法进行去噪处理,可以有效的降低噪声,提取弹丸超声波信号特征.     

一种基于互相关函数的小波系数相关阈值去噪方法

针对传统的小波系数相关去噪方法中,在对含噪信号进行小波变换后,各尺度上的小波系数会产生微小偏移的问题,提出了一种基于互相关函数的小波系数相关去噪方法.采用互相关算法,计算各个尺度与原始含噪信号产生的偏移量,再把偏移后的尺度进行相关分析,得出准确的突变信号;为了去除信号突变附近附带的少量噪声信号,再采用临界阈值去噪方法对相关分析后的尺度信号进行阈值处理,最后经过信号重构可以得到精确的有用信号.     

基于小波包分解和支持向量机的石油套管缺陷智能识别

 针对石油套管缺陷超声无损检测(NDT)中缺陷回波的特点,提出了一种基于小波包分解和支持向量机(SVM)的缺陷智能识别新方法。分析了Gabor、小波和小波包3种信号时频变换分解方法的特点,并进行了基于3种方法生成的特征数据可分性比较,确定了小波包分解方法效果最好。根据SVM解决分类问题的原理,采用SVM法对3种时频分解提取的缺陷信号特征数据进行识别。试验表明,基于小波包分解局部熵的特征提取结合SVM模式智能识别的组合方法,可应用于石油套管上的4种典型缺陷的识别。     

基于DSP小波变换在钢铁材质无损检测中的应用

针对钢铁材质电磁无损检测中使用传统信号处理方法检测分选率偏低的问题,利用电磁无损检测信号特点,将小波分析引入钢铁材质无损检测。根据小波分析算法对硬件系统的要求,充分利用DSP芯片优越的数字信号处理功能和快速的运算速度,完成了钢铁材质电磁无损检测装置。试验表明,该方法可以有效地提取检测信号,可应用于钢铁材质裂纹的无损探伤。     

基于跟踪微分器的网侧电压异常检测方法研究

现代电力电子设备对非平稳、时变电压信号十分敏感,基于此提出了一种网侧电压异常检测与预报的方法,通过对网侧电压信号进行实时检测,向相关电力电子设备的控制电路发送网侧电压异常预报信号.为消除电压信号中的常规噪声干扰,首先采用线性跟踪微分器对网侧电压信号进行滤波,在此基础上,通过引入小波变换模极大值法检测奇异点,对滤波后的信号进行电压突变点的判断,目标是准确预报出电网电压中可能对电力电子设备造成危害的异常点.仿真与实验结果表明,基于线性跟踪微分器的小波信号检测能够实时准确地获得理想信号的最佳逼近,提高了网侧电压故障检测速度,通过实时的检测与分析,该方法能够为电力电子设备提供具有参考价值的预报信号.     

基于经验模态分解方法的拉曼光谱信号处理研究

经验模态分解(EMD)方法是一个以信号内在物理频率成分为对象的自适应时频分析方法,而常见的非平稳信号分析方法,比如小波分析,它需要选择小波基,不同小波基的分析结果不同;拉曼光谱信号是典型的非线性和非平稳信号,EMD方法充分地保留了信号本身的非线性和非平稳的特征,适应于拉曼光谱信号的分析。实验在自行研制的拉曼光谱测试平台上获得了原始的拉曼光谱信号,并通过经验模态分解将信号分解成不同频率的10个本征模式分量,信号能量集中在750cm^-1和1500cm^-1左右,最后进行了频率成分分析和去噪处理,并和小波分析方法进行了对比,验证了EMD方法的有效性和实用性,该方法在拉曼光谱信号分析中有较好的应用前景。     

基于小波神经网络的管道腐蚀缺陷定量识别研究

漏磁检测是目前广泛采用的油气管道检测方法,通过漏磁检测仪获得腐蚀缺陷漏磁场切向分量的漏磁场信号,提取与腐蚀缺陷外形长、宽、深有关的漏磁场信号波形特征量,结合小波分析和神经网络的优势形成小波神经网络,分析设计了小波神经网络的结卡句,给出了网络训练算法,利用网络的非线性逼近性能,对腐蚀缺陷外形进行定量评价,给出预测评价曲线,试验验证方法有效可行。     

基于小波多分辨率分析和能量交叉法的小目标检测

小目标检测问题是目标跟踪领域的难点,将小波引入到小目标检测中,利用小波分析的多分辨率特性和时频局部窗特性能够克服传统方法的局限.本文结合小波分析和小目标的特性,在理论分析的基础上提出了基于小波变换和能量特征的检测小目标的方法.最后给出了比较满意的实验结果.     

小波去噪在振动压路机振动信号处理中的应用

振动压路机振动轮加速度是检测路面压实度的重要参数,因此在用传感器检测速度信号的过程中,加速度信号的准确性显得至关重要.在以往的加速度信号数据处理中傅里叶变化是主要的处理方法,通过对比分析可知傅里叶变换存在着一定的局限性,而采用比较实用的小波分析方法对数据进行去噪重构,通过分析证实小波分析在信号的去噪方面有独特的优势.     

Qualitative data analysis: A compendium of techniques and a framework for selection for school psychology research and beyond.

Qualitative researchers in school psychology have a multitude of analyses available for data. The purpose of this article is to present several of the most common methods for analyzing qualitative data. Specifically, the authors describe the following 18 qualitative analysis techniques: method of constant comparison analysis, keywords-in-context, word count, classical content analysis, domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, secondary analysis, membership categorization analysis, narrative analysis, qualitative comparative analysis, semiotics, manifest content analysis, latent content analysis, text mining, and microinterlocutor analysis. Moreover, the authors present a new framework for organizing these analysis techniques via the four major sources of qualitative data collected: talk, observations, drawings/photographs/videos, and documents. As such, the authors hope that our compendium of analytical techniques should help qualitative researchers in school psychology and beyond make informed choices for their data analysis tools. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An array of qualitative data analysis tools: A call for data analysis triangulation.

One of the most important steps in the qualitative research process is analysis of data. The purpose of this article is to provide elements for understanding multiple types of qualitative data analysis techniques available and the importance of utilizing more than one type of analysis, thus utilizing data analysis triangulation, in order to understand phenomenon more fully for school psychology research and beyond. The authors describe seven qualitative analysis tools: methods of constant comparison, keywords-in-context, word count, classical content analysis, domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, and componential analysis. Then, the authors outline when to use each type of analysis. In so doing, the authors use real qualitative data to help distinguish the various types of analyses. Furthermore, flowcharts and tables are provided to help delineate when to choose each type of analysis. Finally, the role of computer-assisted software in the qualitative data-analytic process is discussed. As such, use of the analyses outlined in this article should help to promote rigor in qualitative research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

矿山设备润滑磨损状态智能分析技术

综合应用统计分析、预测理论、模式识别、神经网络和专家系统等多项技术，针对德兴铜矿设备状态监测的实际情况。研究设备润滑磨损状态智能分析技术。     

Fast Bayesian FFT Method for Ambient Modal Identification with Separated Modes

Previously a Bayesian theory for modal identification using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of ambient data was formulated. That method provides a rigorous way for obtaining modal properties as well as their uncertainties by operating in the frequency domain. This allows a natural partition of information according to frequencies so that well-separated modes can be identified independently. Determining the posterior most probable modal parameters and their covariance matrix, however, requires solving a numerical optimization problem. The dimension of this problem grows with the number of measured channels; and its objective function involves the inverse of an ill-conditioned matrix, which makes the approach impractical for realistic applications. This paper analyzes the mathematical structure of the problem and develops efficient methods for computations, focusing on well-separated modes. A method is developed that allows fast computation of the posterior most probable values and covariance matrix. The analysis reveals a scientific definition of signal-to-noise ratio that governs the behavior of the solution in a characteristic manner. Asymptotic behavior of the modal identification problem is investigated for high signal-to-noise ratios. The proposed method is applied to modal identification of two field buildings. Using the proposed algorithm, Bayesian modal identification can now be performed in a few seconds even for a moderate to large number of measurement channels.     

"Psychometric approaches for developing commensurate measures across independent studies: Traditional and new models": Clarification to Bauer and Hussong (2009).

Reports a clarification to "Psychometric approaches for developing commensurate measures across independent studies: Traditional and new models" by Daniel J. Bauer and Andrea M. Hussong (Psychological Methods, 2009[Jun], Vol 14[2], 101-125). In this article, the authors wrote, "To our knowledge, the multisample framework is the only available option within these [latent variable] programs that allows for the moderation of all types of parameters, and this approach requires a single categorical moderator variable to define the samples.” Bengt Muthén has clarified for the authors that some programs, including Mplus and Mx, can allow for continuous moderation through the implementation of nonlinear constraints involving observed variables, further enlarging the class of MNLFA models that can be fit with these programs. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-08072-001.) When conducting an integrative analysis of data obtained from multiple independent studies, a fundamental problem is to establish commensurate measures for the constructs of interest. Fortunately, procedures for evaluating and establishing measurement equivalence across samples are well developed for the linear factor model and commonly used item response theory models. A newly proposed moderated nonlinear factor analysis model generalizes these models and procedures, allowing for items of different scale types (continuous or discrete) and differential item functioning across levels of categorical and/or continuous variables. The potential of this new model to resolve the problem of measurement in integrative data analysis is shown via an empirical example examining changes in alcohol involvement from ages 10 to 22 years across 2 longitudinal studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

现金流量表的多层面分析

现金流量表可以从3个层面进行分析,一是现金流量表基本分析,二是现金流量质量分析,三是现金流量财务预警分析.     

Psychometric approaches for developing commensurate measures across independent studies: Traditional and new models.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 14(4) of Psychological Methods (see record 2009-22665-007). In this article, the authors wrote, "To our knowledge, the multisample framework is the only available option within these [latent variable] programs that allows for the moderation of all types of parameters, and this approach requires a single categorical moderator variable to define the samples.” Bengt Muthén has clarified for the authors that some programs, including Mplus and Mx, can allow for continuous moderation through the implementation of nonlinear constraints involving observed variables, further enlarging the class of MNLFA models that can be fit with these programs.] When conducting an integrative analysis of data obtained from multiple independent studies, a fundamental problem is to establish commensurate measures for the constructs of interest. Fortunately, procedures for evaluating and establishing measurement equivalence across samples are well developed for the linear factor model and commonly used item response theory models. A newly proposed moderated nonlinear factor analysis model generalizes these models and procedures, allowing for items of different scale types (continuous or discrete) and differential item functioning across levels of categorical and/or continuous variables. The potential of this new model to resolve the problem of measurement in integrative data analysis is shown via an empirical example examining changes in alcohol involvement from ages 10 to 22 years across 2 longitudinal studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

流动注射原子光谱联用技术及其在矿冶分析中的应用

简述了流动注射原子光谱联用技术及其在矿冶分析中的应用。内容包括 :流动注射与原子吸收光谱分析、ICP AES和ICP MS联用系统。引用文献 61篇。     

拉格朗日插值计算在光度分析中的应用

结合实际生产，对光度分析中实验数据的处理方法进行了有益改进，既保留了传统方法中计算简单的优点，又降低了误差。     

Rating and Reliability of Existing Bridges in a Network

Currently, the load rating is the method used by State DOTs for evaluating the safety and serviceability of existing bridges in the United States. In general, load rating of a bridge is evaluated when a maintenance, improvement work, change in strength of members, or addition of dead load alters the condition or capacity of the structure. The AASHTO LRFD specifications provide code provisions for prescribing an acceptable and uniform safety level for the design of bridge components. Once a bridge is designed and placed in service, the AASHTO Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridges provides provisions for determination of the safety and serviceability of existing bridge components. Rating for the bridge system is taken as the minimum of the component ratings. If viewed from a broad perspective, methods used in the state-of-the-practice condition evaluation of bridges at discrete time intervals and in the state-of-the-art probability-based life prediction share common goals and principles. This paper briefly describes a study conducted on the rating and system reliability-based lifetime evaluation of a number of existing bridges within a bridge network, including prestressed concrete, reinforced concrete, steel rolled beam, and steel plate girder bridges. The approach is explained using a representative prestressed concrete girder bridge. Emphasis is placed on the interaction between rating and reliability results in order to relate the developed approach to current practice in bridge rating and evaluation. The results presented provide a sound basis for further improvement of bridge management systems based on system performance requirements.