基于模糊速度函数的活动轮廓模型的肺结节分割

肺结节是肺癌在早期阶段的表现形式. 利用计算机辅助诊断(Computer-aided diagnosis, CAD)技术对血管粘连型肺结节和磨玻璃型肺结节进行检测, 需要对这两类肺结节进行准确的分割. 目前基于传统活动轮廓模型的肺结节分割算法, 存在边界泄露现象. 对此, 本文提出一种基于模糊速度函数的活动轮廓模型的肺结节分割算法. 首先, 采用结合灰度特征和局部形态特征的模糊聚类算法, 计算模糊速度函数中的模糊隶属度; 其次, 将模糊速度函数引入到活动轮廓模型中, 在肺结节的边界处, 该速度函数为零, 轮廓曲线停止演变, 从而完成肺结节的分割. 实验结果表明, 本文提出的算法可以精确地分割血管粘连肺结节和磨玻璃型肺结节.     

基于局部灰度最大和改进Mahalanobis

CT图像中肺结节检测一直是肺癌CAD系统的关键和难点。提出了一种孤立性肺结节自动检测算法,首先对原始CT图像进行有效、准确的肺实质分割;采用寻找局部灰度最大值方法对ROI进行初始分割;再对分割出的各ROI进行特征提取,利用SVM方法对每个特征进行定量描述,根据SVM单特征分类准确率对Mahalanobis距离进行加权改进,最后采用基于改进的Mahalanobis距离进行肺结节分类。实验结果表明,该算法可以较好地提取出CT图像中的孤立性肺结节,具有较高的灵敏度和较低的漏诊率,可以为医生诊断早期肺癌病灶提供帮助信息。     

一种CT医学图像分割新算法

针对临床辅助诊断的需要,提出了一种结合传统分水岭算法和新型核聚类算法的CT医学图像分割新算法。首先,通过分水岭变换,CT图被分割成不同的小区域。然后,根据改进的KFCM算法,利用Mercer核将各个小区域的平均灰度值映射到高维特征空间,使得原来在分水岭算法分割图中未显示出来的特征显现出来。通过此方法,相较于传统核聚类(KFCM)算法,我们可实现更准确的聚类,并有效解决分水岭算法分割CT医学图像的过分割问题,因此能取得更好的分割效果。实验结果显示,本文方法能够很好分割腹腔CT图,获得更清晰的分割图像。     

基于边缘敏感的SLIC和二次密度聚类的GGO分割

针对磨玻璃肺结节(Ground Glass Opacity,GGO)边界对比度低、大小各异和灰度不均匀等造成分割准确率低的问题,提出一种基于边缘敏感的SLIC和二次密度聚类相结合的分割算法。将图像边缘检测结果与SLIC超像素算法相结合,并将其中含有边缘的超像素块用区域质心代替其原始聚类中心,改善SLIC边界黏连性较差的问题;针对密度聚类不能完整分割GGO的问题,提出二次密度聚类的方法,对密度聚类定位到的簇及其邻域簇进行二次密度聚类。实验结果表明,该算法分割GGO的平均准确率达90.17%,灵敏度达84%。     

基于局部灰度最大和改进Mahalanobis距离分类的肺结节检测算法

CT图像中肺结节检测一直是肺癌CAD系统的关键和难点。提出了一种孤立性肺结节自动检测算法,首先对原始CT图像进行有效、准确的肺实质分割;采用寻找局部灰度最大值方法对ROI进行初始分割;再对分割出的各ROI进行特征提取,利用SVM方法对每个特征进行定量描述,根据SVM单特征分类准确率对Mahalanobis距离进行加权改进,最后采用基于改进的Mahalanobis距离进行肺结节分类。实验结果表明,该算法可以较好地提取出CT图像中的孤立性肺结节,具有较高的灵敏度和较低的漏诊率,可以为医生诊断早期肺癌病灶提供帮助信息。     

基于PCNN与主动轮廓的肺CT候选结节的分割方法*

对肺CT图像中的候选结节进行分割,是计算机辅助诊断系统完成对肺结节自动检测、分类重要的步骤。然而,由于成像噪音和病变导致的图像中组织及组织与病灶之间边界模糊,故采用通常的图像分割方法难以获得正确的分割结果。文章提出一种结合四邻域连接权的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)结合先验形状能量函数的主动轮廓模型来分割候选肺内与近胸膜两类肺结节的算法。实验表明,该算法是一种切实可行且行之有效的候选肺CT结节分割方法。     

基于稀疏表示和随机游走的磨玻璃型肺结节分割

肺结节是早期肺癌在影像学上的表现形式.磨玻璃型（Ground glass opacity,GGO）肺结节被认为是恶变可能性最大的一类结节之一.针对GGO结节边缘模糊、大小各异、形状不规则和灰度不均匀等造成分割准确率低问题,本文提出了一种基于稀疏表示和随机游走模型的分割算法.首先,利用测地距离和局部搜索策略,自动地选取了种子点.其次,联合8-!邻域和稀疏表示的K-!最近邻算法建立了新的图,避免了噪声的干扰.结合灰度、纹理、空间距离和稀疏系数构建了新的加权矩阵.最后,将标签限制项引入到随机游走的能量函数中.该算法分割准确性较高,鲁棒性较强.     

基于PSO_KFCM的医学图像分割

在核模糊聚类算法(KFCM)的基础上,提出了一种新的PSO KFCM聚类算法.新算法利用高斯核函数,把输入空间的样本映射到高维特征空间,利用微粒群算法的全局搜索、快速收敛的特点,代替KFCM算法逐次迭代的过程,在特征空间中进行聚类,克服了KFCM对初始值和噪声数据敏感、易陷入局部最优的缺点.通过对医学图像进行分割,仿真实验结果表明,新算法在性能上比KFCM聚类算法有较大改进,具有更好的聚类效果,且算法能够很快地收敛.     

融合Tamura纹理特征的改进FCM脑MRI图像分割算法

针对FCM算法在分割脑MRI图像时存在噪声敏感性和初始聚类中心随机性的问题,提出一种融合图像Tamura纹理特征的改进FCM图像分割算法.首先提取图像的Tamura纹理特征,将其与灰度特征线性加权构成融合特征.然后使用模糊邻域关系计算像素点的密度,将其与距离关系结合自适应选取初始聚类中心.最后使用融合特征作为更新隶属度和聚类中心的特征约束.实验利用该方法与FCM,D-FCM,WKFCM方法对Brain Web脑MRI数据集中的图像进行分割,并在抗噪性、准确性和运行效率方面进行了比较.实验结果表明,所提算法能获取更优的初始聚类中心,在处理噪声和灰度不均匀图像上表现出更好的鲁棒性,能够快速有效地分割脑MRI图像.     

基于改进模糊C均值聚类的光伏面板红外图像分割

红外图像具有对比度低和信噪比低等特点,这对红外光伏面板图像的分割始终是一个巨大的挑战.为了解决传统的模糊C均值（FCM）聚类算法易受到初始聚类中心不确定的影响和不考虑空间信息的问题,提出了一种基于模糊C均值改进的聚类分割算法,该算法利用直方图的特点确定初始聚类中心,同时在传统的模糊C均值（FCM）和模糊核C均值算法（KFCM）的基础上,利用像素之间的空间信息和邻域像素之间的关系改进传统FCM聚类目标函数,从而推导出新的目标函数.实验结果表明,该算法在分割质量和效果上与Otsu算法、文献[20]的自适应k-means算法及模糊核C均值算法（KFCM）相比,过分割和错分割率明显降低,且分割效果非常接近手动分割图.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。