玻璃粉末的烧结

玻璃粉末的烧结刘世权，许淑惠，袁怡松，杨晓晶（西北轻工业学院７１２０８１）一、概述烧结法因其具有节能、低温成型、易生产复杂形状制品等优点而广泛应用干玻璃生产中￣［１］。特别是近年来，粉末烧结法生产微晶玻璃引起了国内外玻璃科研工作者的极大关注￣［２～４...     

高硅氧发光玻璃的制备及其荧光性能

石英玻璃具有低膨胀、耐热冲击、高机械强度和高化学隐定性等优点,是稀土和过渡金属发光离子掺杂的优选的基质材料。但发光离子在石英玻璃中容易自发形成团簇,产生浓度淬灭效应,介绍一种用二氧化硅质量分数超过95%的纳米微孔玻璃来抑制发光离子团簇的自发形成的新方法,以制备高发光强度的石英破璃和激光玻璃。该方法是将发光离子浸入微孔玻璃中并在适当气氛中烧结,目前已经制得多种颜色、量子效率接近于1的强发光玻璃,真空紫外光激发发光玻璃,高铒离子掺杂的高硅氧玻璃,还获得了新颖的低膨胀、耐高温的掺钕高硅氧激光玻璃和掺铋红外宽带发光玻璃用这种方法还容易进行多种发光活性离子掺杂,实现不同离子间的能量转换,提高发光强度和改变激发光的波长范围。这种新方法有望扩大石英发光玻璃的应用范围。     

全氧助燃-玻璃生产赢利的一条途径

在熔化玻璃的燃烧过程中，存在不同的加氧方法。最基本的一种方法是简单的增氧，就是说，在助燃空气与矿物燃料在小炉中混合前，往助燃空气中加入氧气。另一种方法称为氧气喷射法，就是使用战略性选择和设置的氧气喷枪，从相同数量的氧耗中获得更大的收益。本文将对一组全氧燃烧喷枪在空气助燃型玻璃熔窑中的使用作一介绍。历史地看，这种应用对于玻璃生产商来说，可以作为在将玻璃熔化作业转换为全氧燃烧前，熟悉全氧燃烧系统运行方式的出发点。该技术同样显示，全氧助燃在玻璃熔窑上使用的时间越长，赢利性越高、收益性越大。     

氮化物陶瓷粉体的制备技术及发展趋势

氮化物陶瓷具有优异的耐高温、抗腐蚀、耐磨损性能,是一类应用广泛的结构功能材料。采用烧结方式制备结构与性能满足要求的氮化物陶瓷材料,有必要首先合成符合一定纯度和烧结活性的氮化合物粉体。本文综述了传统产业化氮化物陶瓷粉体的制备技术,以及新型合成技术的研究进展;对现有技术中存在的问题做了归纳总结,并依据国家政策层面的需求和支持提出该领域的发展趋势。     

不同烧结工艺制备耐高温高透过率氮化物复合材料的研究

对相同组分的氮化物复合材料,在不同温度段采用无压、气氛压力烧结,进行性能对比试验。分析了两种工艺研制的材料性能在不同温度下的变化规律,探讨了相同温度下不同烧成工艺对材料密度、强度、耐温性、耐烧蚀性及介电性能的影响。     

钠钙铝镁硅酸盐玻璃和碱铅硅酸盐玻璃的风化

本文采用了AAS、IRRS、XPS、EPM、SEM和EPMA研究了影响两种钠钙铝镁玻璃(浮法和压延玻璃)及两种铅玻璃(高铅光学和中铅器皿玻璃)风化的因素(温度、湿度、时间)。在相同的风化条件下,含碱量较高的中铅器皿玻璃最易风化。求出四种玻璃风化析碱量与温度和时间的经验式,并得出高铅玻璃风化前后表面桥氧、非桥氧和自由氧的比例。对钠钙玻璃和铅玻璃的风化机理也进行了讨论。     

可变密度玻璃云母复合材料的研制

研究了玻璃和云毒的配比、粒径外加剂与玻璃云昨合材料性能间的关系，论述了控制工艺条件以制造不同结构和功能的建筑材料的可行性。     

铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维结构与耐水动力学

采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热分析等手段研究了氧化硼对铝硼硅酸盐玻璃结构及转变温度的影响，并用粉末法测试了玻璃的耐水性。结果发现，随着氧化硼含量增加，玻璃转变温度先降低后升高。玻璃与水反应初期受硼酸盐的水解动力学控制，后期主要为水分子对硅氧骨架的侵蚀和Ca^2＋与H^＋离子的离子交换过程。分析认为，引入少量的B2O3主要与碱性的CaO结合，生成含有非桥氧的端氧键B-O-Ca，破坏了玻璃网络结构，B2O3过量时，更多的硼酸盐基团与硅酸盐基团结合，生成桥氧键B-O-Si键，增强了玻璃结构。     

烧结粉煤灰建筑微晶玻璃的研究

以烧结粉煤灰为主要原料．利用本地资源钠长石来降低基础玻璃的熔化温度。并测定了微晶玻璃的主要性能，研究了基础玻璃化学成分，热处理制度对烧结、晶化过程及样品外观的影响，确定了合理的玻璃成分范围和工艺制度。     

Bi2O3对堇青石陶瓷的相组成、微观结构和性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、差热分析和热膨胀仪等手段研究了由氧化物粉末(MgO，Ai2O3和SiO2)制备堇青石陶瓷时，添加Bi2O3对堇青石陶瓷相变、相组成和性能的影响，Bi2O3在烧结过程中的作用机理是低温产生液相促进烧结。试验表明，在1350℃烧结3h，该陶瓷由堇青石和孤立分布的玻璃相组成。随Bi2O3含量增加，陶瓷的致密度、弯曲强度和热膨胀系数逐渐升高。Bi2O3的添加量(质量分数)大于4％时，原料相石英消失。硅氧网络骨架结合力减小和一定量的玻璃相是引起堇青石陶瓷热膨胀系数升高的主要原因。     

Serviceability of glass and glassware (review)

Research on the properties and characteristics of glass that determine the serviceability of the most massive glass objects and glassware is reviewed. The theoretical assumptions, general questions concerning the strength, chemical resistance (corrosion), and spectral characteristics of glass are noted. The properties and characteristics indicated are examined for sheet glass, glass fiber, and glassware.     

Use of Technogenic Raw Materials of the Mining Plants of Murmansk Region for Manufacturing Glass and Glassy-Crystalline Materials

The main conditions for obtaining decorative glass and glassy-crystalline materials from technogenic raw materials (overburden rocks, enrichment wastes, by-products of processing ores and concentrates, wastes of chemical industries) are considered. Relationships between the composition of the secondary raw materials and a number of important technological properties are established. The compositions and conditions of the production of decorative glass and glass with special properties made of technogenic raw materials from Murmansk region are developed. The efficiency of the compaction of glass batches is studied and the increase in the melting speed of the tableted batch and the clarification rate of the glass mass are experimentally observed.     

从玻璃结构分析釉的性质

釉本身系玻璃态物质，它具有与玻璃相类似的性质，但同时也具有与玻璃不同的特点。本文从玻璃结构分析讨论它们之间的相似性，这对在实际生产中研究釉料组成和改善釉料性质有一定帮助。     

Constitutive Model for Damaged Borosilicate Glass Under Confinement

Penetration experiments on glass found in the literature show that the target fails ahead of the projectile (the "failure wave" is faster than the penetration velocity). Thus, during penetration, the projectile is in contact with failed glass ahead; consequently, the properties of failed material are required for accurate numerical simulations. This paper shows, using a confined compression experiment of a cylindrical specimen combined with an analytical model for interpretation of the data, how it is possible to determine the elastic and the Drucker–Prager constants for damaged borosilicate glass (or, in principle, any other brittle material). An important and unexpected result from these characterization tests is that the elastic properties of damaged glass do not change dramatically even if the glass is pulverized ( in situ comminuted). This is probably because the tests are highly confined and the glass has no space to move, and thus the elastic properties remain essentially unchanged. Estimates for the Drucker–Prager constitutive constants for in situ damaged borosilicate glass are also obtained.     

从釉的玻璃属性探析其性质

釉本身系玻璃态物质,它具有与玻璃相类似的性质,但同时也具有与玻璃不同的特点,本文从玻璃结构分析讨论它们之间的相似性,对在实际生产中研究釉料组成和改善釉料性质必有一定的帮助。     

Differences in indentation and wear behaviors between the two sides of thermally tempered soda lime silica glass

Thermal tempering is an industrial process widely used to make soda lime silica (SLS) glass panels stronger and tougher. During the tempering process, the upper and bottom sides of the glass may experience different cooling rates, and thus, their properties could be different. This study characterized changes in surface composition and subsurface glass network structures as well as indentation and wear resistance properties of the air- and tin-sides of 6-mm-thick SLS window panels faced toward the upper and sliding roller sides during thermal tempering. The results showed that although the chemical and structural differences detected with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specular reflection infrared spectroscopy are subtle, there are large differences in nanoindentation behaviors and mechanochemical wear properties of the SLS glass surface. The findings of this study provide further insights into the performance difference between the air- and tin-sides of the SLS glass panel treated with thermal tempering.     

Effects of the thermal history on the hydraulic properties of slags

Glasses with two composition in the CaO---Al₂O₃---SiO₂ system were prepared with different cooling conditions. Glass A has a eutectic composition of wollastonite-gehlenite-rankinite and glass B has that of wollastonite-gehlenite-anorthite. The effects of the thermal history on the structure and hydraulic properties were discussed. Effects of cooling rate on the physical and chemical properties of glasses are found to be different with chemical composition of glass. Cooling rate affects the hydraulic reactivity and crystallization temperature, especially in glass A, but scarcely affects the physical properties such as chemical shift of AlK and surface basicity of the glass.     

Molecular modeling of crosslinked epoxy polymers: The effect of crosslink density on thermomechanical properties

Molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics simulations are used to establish well-equilibrated, validated molecular models of the EPON 862-DETDA epoxy system with a range of crosslink densities using a united atom force field. Molecular dynamics simulations are subsequently used to predict the glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficients, and elastic properties of each of the crosslinked systems. The results indicate that glass transition temperature and elastic properties increase with increasing levels of crosslink density and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with crosslink density, both above and below the glass transition temperature. The results demonstrate reasonable agreement with thermomechanical properties in the literature. The results also indicate that there may be a range of crosslink densities in epoxy systems beyond which there are limited changes in thermomechanical properties.     

隔热膜的性能测试及评价

本文主要介绍了隔热膜性能的测试与评价方法,通过对不同隔热窗膜的光学性能、隔热性能、耐紫外辐照性能及表面硬度等性能测试与分析,研究了金属溅射膜和纳米涂布隔热膜的性能差异。此外还对比测试了单层、中空玻璃与贴膜玻璃的隔热性能,隔热效果明显不同。结果显示,隔热膜贴膜玻璃的隔热性能明显好于中空玻璃,纳米隔热膜相比溅射隔热膜有更高的可见光透过率。     

Soda Ash Based on Nepheline Material Used in the Glass Industry

The physicochemical and technological properties of an improved modification of soda ash from nepheline material and its effect on batch preparation and silicate and glass formation and on the properties of glass are considered. It is established that the improved modification of soda with respect to its physicochemical and technologies properties and storage behavior belongs to the heavyweight category, is a promising alkali-bearing material, and can be recommended for effective application in the production of glass containers and household and sheet glass, including decorative float glass with special properties.