IPMVP在合同能源管理中的应用实践

介绍合同能源管理（EPC）的概念和项目运作方式。在此基础上,进一步说明能效评估在合同能源管理项目中的作用,详细阐述国际能效检测和确认规程（IPMVP）的能效评估办法及其4个能效评估方案。以某火力发电厂的合同能源管理项目为例,分析IPMVP在合同能源管理项目中的具体应用。分析表明,国内的合同能源管理项目有必要参考IPMVP能效评估方法,形成符合中国国情的能效评估规程,为我国的合同能源管理项目提供可靠的能效评估依据。     

美国合同能源管理（EPC）市场发展现状

合同能源管理在美国节能服务行业是一个核心商业推广模式。目前从政府、大楼业主到节能服务公司都开始提高对合同能源管理工作的注意力。本文简述了合同能源管理在美国正常的实践和基本机制，同时也阐述了美国节能服务市场的现状和趋势。作者希望此信息可以对那些国内进入和希望进入合同能源管理行业的企业有所启发。     

营改增对合同能源管理企业的影响

上海自2012年年初开始在交通运输及部分现代服务业进行营业税改征增值税(简称营改增)试点,合同能源管理行业为其中之一。本文通过对合同能源管理企业深入调研,从基本情况、效应分析、对策建议及企业案例几个方面,阐述了税改对合同能源管理企业的影响,并得出结论。     

IPMVP在某酒店合同能源管理项目中的应用分析

介绍合同能源管理(EPC)的基本概念和优点以及节能评估方案的重要性,进而阐述国际节能效果测量和验证规程(IPMVP)的能效评估体系。以某酒店综合节能改造合同能源管理项目为例,分析IPMVP在合同能源管理项目中的具体应用,针对不同的节能措施采用科学的节能量测量与验证方案。     

基于合同能源管理机制的节能服务管理信息系统设计与应用

为促进合同能源管理的发展,建立一套科学、适用的管理信息系统,实现合同能源管理项目的供需对接、解决方案优化、项目备案管理、财政补贴申请、合同能源管理的知识共享、国家相关政策法规的宣传等,对合同能源管理项目参与各方都是有意义的。基于合同能源管理机制的节能服务管理信息系统是依据标准化的合同能源管理项目的业务流程,以节能服务公司为主体,促进合同能源管理项目参与各方协同办公、优化工作流程、共享资源的管理信息系统。     

钢铁企业节能和合同能源管理的应用问题探讨

近年钢铁产量、产能和总能耗的变化,表明钢铁行业面临严峻的节能形势,并提出国家宏观调控和降低综合能耗的基本途径。通过钢铁企业副产煤气资源和余热余能资源的回收利用等领域节能,阐述了发电、变频等基本节能技术,表明钢铁系统巨大的节能潜力。合同能源管理近年在我国推广应用取得成效,结合实例说明合同能源管理在钢铁企业的成功应用。总结出合同能源管理模式在钢铁企业节能应用过程的推广、融资、实施等问题,并提出基本解决对策,以进一步实现合同能源管理在钢铁企业节能的推广应用。     

长庆油田合同能源管理的探索与思考

结合长庆油田能源管理现状,通过对合同能源管理模式的研究,对长庆油田实施合同能源管理进行了可行性分析,建立了合同能源管理的实施流程和管理机制,确定实施合同能源的具体合同类型为节能效益分享型,并创新性提出了内部合同能源管理模式.     

基于合同能源管理的能源保障转型升级——以F单位的合同能源管理项目为例

通过对F单位的合同能源管理项目的策划论证,总结分析科研单位合同能源管理可行性、存在的困惑,特别是合同能源管理给科研单位带来的显著变化,进一步表明合同能源管理是科研单位能源保障转型升级的一条有效途径。     

市场化节能新机制——合同能源管理

1合同能源管理概论 1．1定义 上海市经委最近成立的专项研究合同能源管理的课题小组,对合同能源管理、节能服务公司、客户的定义作了探讨。     

合同能源管理在南钢的应用

文中详细介绍了南钢的合同能源管理保障体系,以及应用合同能源管理模式实施项目改造取得的成效,并针对合同能源管理在运行过程中遇到的问题,提出了在合同能源管理项目过程控制中的建议。     

Feasibility of solar tracking systems for PV panels in hot and cold regions

Solar tracking systems would probably increase the efficiency of a PV module, but when and where. There are many factors that affect the performance of PV panels, especially crystalline silicon panels, e.g. overheating due to excessive exposure to solar irradiance in a hot climate as in Sunbelt countries. So, it could be the case that a tracking system is not necessary for a Sunbelt country. The objective of this research is to determine mathematically the performance of a PV panel as a function of tracking the sun and the operating conditions. The used mathematical model is validated experimentally and then applied for several environments, i.e. hot as well as cold regions. It has been found that the gain in electrical energy from tracking the sun is about 39% in case of a cold city as Berlin, Germany. While the gain in energy does not exceed 8% in case of a hot city as Aswan, Egypt, due to overheating of the PV panels. However, if the energy needed for running the tracking system, which ranges from 5% to 10% of the energy generated, is included in this analysis then tracking the sun will not be feasible in hot countries.     

Onshore wind power development in China: Challenges behind a successful story

Wind energy utilization, especially onshore grid-connected wind power generation, has a history of 30 years in China. With the increasing attention to renewable energy development in recent years, wind energy has become the focus of academic research and policy-making. While the potential and advantages of wind energy are widely recognized, many questions regarding the effectiveness of policies and performances of current practices remain unanswered. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the province that has the most abundant wind energy resources in China, as a case to assess the performance of Chinese onshore wind power projects, focusing on the institutional setting, economic and technological performance, as well as environmental and social impacts. Results show that China is experiencing a rapid growth in wind power generation, which brings China great environmental, energy security and social benefits. However, for a full development of wind energy in China a number of barriers need to be removed: high generation cost, low on-grid price, and stagnating development of domestic manufacture. These findings lead to three policy recommendations.     

The hydrologic and economic feasibility of micro hydropower upfitting and integration of existing low-head dams in the United States

The integration of hydropower facilities on existing low-head, non-Federal dams and their subsequent tie to regional electricity grids may serve as a useful de-centralized component of renewable energy integration in the United States. Thousands of low-head dams do not provide power and thus present few benefits with significant costs, including safety liability, fragmentation of river ecosystems, and persistent economic burden induced on state agencies due to regular inspection requirements. We conducted a feasibility study in the Piedmont region of North Carolina cataloguing over 1000 non-Federal dams with hydraulic head ranging from 4.6 m to 10.7 m (15 ft to 35 ft) and power capacity <300 kW (“micro” hydropower). Generation potential, greenhouse gas reductions, and financial viability were refined for 49 low-head dams over a 30-year life cycle using industry standard software (RETScreen4). Results suggest that most of these dams are not financially viable for energy production under cost structures evaluated at the time of this study. However, our results indicate that some low-head dams may be viable for energy production if provided funding opportunities comparable to the concurrent wind and solar markets.     

Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems

Solar and wind energy systems are omnipresent, freely available, environmental friendly, and they are considered as promising power generating sources due to their availability and topological advantages for local power generations. Hybrid solar–wind energy systems, uses two renewable energy sources, allow improving the system efficiency and power reliability and reduce the energy storage requirements for stand-alone applications. The hybrid solar–wind systems are becoming popular in remote area power generation applications due to advancements in renewable energy technologies and substantial rise in prices of petroleum products. This paper is to review the current state of the simulation, optimization and control technologies for the stand-alone hybrid solar–wind energy systems with battery storage. It is found that continued research and development effort in this area is still needed for improving the systems’ performance, establishing techniques for accurately predicting their output and reliably integrating them with other renewable or conventional power generation sources.     

Feasibility study of photovoltaic technology in Qatar

This study presents a comparative economic analysis of electricity generation using photovoltaic (PV) cells and conventional gas turbines. The generation cost per kWh was estimated for the two systems. The energy generated by PV cells was estimated using weather data for Qatar. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on some factors: installation capital cost, conversion efficiency and discount rate. The study indicates that, at the present time, PV stations are not economically feasible in Qatar compared with conventional gas turbine stations.     

Economic feasibility of the path to zero net carbon emissions

The United States and other developed countries currently and historically have transferred considerable resources overseas to further their foreign policy objectives and to purchase oil and natural gas. These transfers are comparable in magnitude to estimates of the scale of the economic effort that would be required to create a world-wide energy system with zero carbon emissions by the middle of this century. Solar energy, the most abundant of the alternative energy supply sources, is currently the most expensive of the alternatives to fossil fuels but a substantial body of research and practical experience suggests that solar costs could fall to competitive levels with sufficient technological progress and increases in solar energy production and capacity.     

内河码头抓斗卸船机无人值守改造的可行性研究

介绍了望亭发电厂内河卸煤码头的基本情况,通过对项目前期调研结果的分析,探讨了对抓斗卸船机进行无人值守改造的可行性,并提出了若干工作思路,对卸船机进行自动化改造有利于节省人力、提高卸船效率、提升设备安全系数、摆脱对熟练司机的依赖等,为正式开展改造工作提供了依据。     

Technical and economic evaluation of the utilization of solar energy at South Africa's SANAE IV base in Antarctica

The technical and economic feasibility of utilizing solar energy at South Africa's SANAE IV station in Antarctica was evaluated in order to estimate potential financial and external savings, and to alleviate the programme's dependence on the special blend of diesel shipped annually from Cape Town. The average global horizontal and tilted insolation rates at the base were studied, energy consumption data of the station was investigated, technical performance characteristics of devices for harnessing solar energy were assessed and an economic analysis was completed. It was shown that at SANAE IV flat-plate solar thermal collectors could potentially be used in conjunction with the snow smelter (a device that meets the station's fresh water demand) and that photovoltaic modules could feasibly be used to reduce the station's electrical demand. Flat-plate solar thermal collectors could collect solar energy at an average of 3.13 R/kWh (viz. 0.49 US$/kWh) from a suggested 143 m² array, while comparatively a 40 kWp photovoltaic system would be less economically sound and only able to pay back costs at the end of the system's expected 25-year lifetime, generating electricity at an estimated 3.20 R/kWh (annual electrical consumption at SANAE IV amounts to more than 1062 MWh). The total diesel savings of the solar thermal and photovoltaic systems were estimated at approximately 12 245 and 9958 l, respectively, which represent savings in externalities of R67 338 and R55 879 each.     

Challenges towards hydrogen economy in China

The increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels have been prompting China to aggressively seek a clean and self-sufficient energy source in the future. In the past decades, hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative due to its advantages of cleanliness, abundance, high energy density, and high conversion efficiency. However, several challenges have to be overcome for China's successful transition to hydrogen economy. In this paper, the hydrogen supply chain is firstly described to help the readers to clearly understand the hydrogen economy. Subsequently, the feasibility of hydrogen economy is discussed by reviewing viewpoints from the literature. Finally, the challenges of China's transition to hydrogen economy are detailed summarized and discussed, and the strategies for China to develop hydrogen economy were compared with that of Japan and Australia.     

Project portfolio management applied to building energy projects management system

This paper is based on the project portfolio management technology to introduce a new energy projects management system. For the increasingly complex of current Chinese energy project management, and traditional project management system not being very good for energy projects in regulated status, this thesis put forward an energy portfolio management system using energy portfolio management technology combined with the unique characteristics of energy projects, which includes from proposition of energy projects, energy projects selection and evaluation, and then to portfolio assessment and implementation of energy projects and the assessment and control of energy portfolio implementation process. Therefore, portfolio management techniques are used in energy project management and control to solve the current complex problems of energy project management, and ensure that more energy projects meet the national and enterprise strategy.