低分子量聚丙烯酸钠高效陶瓷减水剂的应用

把自制低分子量聚丙烯酸钠减水剂的减水效果与工业生产中常用的无机三聚磷酸钠减水剂的减水效果作了比较，结果表明，聚丙烯酸钠的减水效果明显优于三聚磷酸钠，并分析了聚丙烯酸钠的减水机理；把有机聚丙烯酸钠与无机三聚磷酸钠复合使用，能达到更好的减水效果，而且解决了单纯使用有机减水剂成本较高的难题。     

市售陶瓷减水剂的复配对建筑陶瓷泥浆性能的影响

以某建筑陶瓷配方料为研究对象,加入市售陶瓷减水剂五水偏硅酸钠、三聚磷酸钠以及低分子有机陶瓷减水剂腐植酸钠,并对所述陶瓷减水剂进行复配,通过对泥浆的流动性、比重、含水率、ζ电位、及触变性的测定,评价陶瓷减水剂及其复配对陶瓷配方土的减水效果。研究发现,单一陶瓷减水剂五水偏硅酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、腐植酸钠加入陶瓷配方土后,泥浆的性能不佳。但复配后的陶瓷减水剂可以使泥浆的性能提高,达到建筑陶瓷生产需求。当0.3%五水偏硅酸钠和0.1%腐植酸钠复配时,流速为34 s,触变性为1.029;当0.5%五水偏硅酸钠和0.15%的三聚磷酸钠复配时,流速为52 s,触变性为1.019;当0.1%三聚磷酸钠,0.3%五水偏硅酸钠和0.2%腐植酸钠复配时,流速达到44s,触变性为1.023。     

聚丙烯酸钠的应用

用聚丙烯酸钠作为助洗剂是制造无毒、无污染洗涤剂较为理想的方法。聚丙烯酸钠是一种新型高效的洗涤助剂，可以取代目前洗涤剂中普遍使用的三聚磷酸盐和其他铝盐，从而消除了因使用三聚磷酸钠和铝盐所排出的废水对环境的污染。聚丙烯酸钠的助洗性能远远优于传统的三聚磷酸钠，洗涤效果相当于５倍同质量的三聚磷酸钠，即用量仅为三聚磷酸钠的１／５，可降低洗涤剂的成本，获得明显的经济效益。目前聚丙烯酸钠助洗剂尚未有工业化生产装置，产品仍属国内空白。使用丙烯酸聚合物的洗涤剂的报道还极少。吉化公司研究开展了聚丙烯酸钠助洗剂的工艺…     

新型陶瓷减水剂的合成研究

合成了一种新型聚羧酸系高效减水剂(MPC),并与两种传统无机减水剂的减水效果进行对比。表征了MPC的分子结构,探讨了MPC的分散稳定机理。研究表明:MPC具有梳形分子结构,其减水效果优于无机减水剂三聚磷酸钠等,当其用量为0.2%时即可达到三聚磷酸钠用量为0.5%时的减水效果。     

新型复合陶瓷减水剂的制备及性能研究

研制出了一种低分子量聚丙烯酸钠与无机物（碳酸钠、硅酸钠）复合的新型陶瓷减水剂。采用正交实验，确定了低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的最佳制备条件，并将其与无机物（碳酸钠、硅酸钠）以不同比例复合，配比为1：1．5：1．5，添加量为0．3％时减水性能最佳，减水率达到58．75％，是一种很好的减水剂。     

建筑陶瓷厂某配方土的解胶实验研究

针对某建筑陶瓷厂的配方土进行解胶实验,加入市售减水剂九水偏硅酸钠,三聚磷酸钠,水玻璃,腐植酸钠以及自制聚丙烯酸钠,并对所述减水剂进行复配。通过对泥浆的含水率,流速,触变性以及ζ电位的测定,评价各减水剂及其复配对配方土的解胶作用。研究表明:只有水玻璃对此泥浆解胶效果最好,当泥浆含水率31.03%时,加入水玻璃1 g,流速达77.27 s,触变性1.04。     

新型陶瓷料浆分散剂的研制

将三种常见分散剂(氢氧化钠、纯碱、三聚磷酸钠)对基准陶瓷料浆的分散效果进行实验，比较分析发现其效果不佳。又合成了聚丙烯酸钠电解质。并测定其对基准料浆粘度的影响。最后将合成的聚丙烯酸钠与水玻璃、三聚磷酸钠按一定的比例复配合成性能更优、成本更低的新型复合分散剂。     

低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的合成及其在陶瓷中的应用

本文用溶液聚合法，以丙烯酸作为单体，过硫酸钠为引发剂，异丙醇为链转移剂，合成分子量范围在2000-3000的聚丙烯酸钠，得出合成低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的最佳工艺参数。即单体浓度(占去离子水)97．2％，链转移剂浓度234．3％，引发剂用量3．10g，聚合温度90℃，聚合时间3～5h；并把合成的低分子量聚丙烯酸钠用作陶瓷减水剂，结果表明：低分子量的聚丙烯酸钠能大大改善陶瓷泥浆的流动性，而且其解凝范围比较宽，在用量为0．6％时达到最佳减水效果。     

洗涤助剂发展综述

阐述洗涤助剂的开发进展,讨论三聚磷酸钠、低分子有机羧酸、沸石、聚丙烯酸钠、改性聚丙烯酸钠、层状结晶硅酸钠、变性淀粉等各类洗涤助剂的助洗机理和作用,并对助洗剂的发展进行了展望.     

聚丙烯酸铵减水剂的合成及其对纳米陶瓷釉解胶性能的影响

以丙烯酸、马来酸酐、聚乙二醇单烯丙基醚为单体合成一种聚丙烯酸铵减水剂(F-001)。研究了F-001对纳米陶瓷釉解胶性能的影响,并比较F-001、偏硅酸钠、三聚磷酸钠三种减水剂对釉浆的解胶、悬浮性能,进一步探究了高分子减水剂的解胶、悬浮机理。结果表明,F-001减水剂具有较好解胶、悬浮性。     

吸水膨胀型PVC/CM TPV的结构及性能

以交联聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)为吸水材料,通过动态硫化法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/氯化聚乙烯橡胶(CM)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),并对其力学性能、微观相态结构及吸水行为进行了研究。结果表明,在实验范围内,PVC/PAAS/CM TPV呈现出典型弹性体软而韧的应力-应变行为。当PVC/PAAS/CM的共混比为30/60/70时,TPV表现出了良好的综合性能,在室温条件下的蒸馏水中浸渍200h,吸水膨胀率可达2 000%,且在吸水100h时,吸水速率出现了峰值,干燥后的TPV几乎无失重。由试样的显微镜照片可见,PAAS在基体中实现了均匀分散,PVC/PAAS/CM TPV的拉伸断裂面较粗糙,PAAS颗粒的较大尺寸及较低的界面结合导致了TPV的较低力学性能。     

PAAS含量对吸水膨胀型PVO／OMTPV性能的影响

采用交联聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）为吸水材料,通过动态硫化法制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）j氯化聚乙烯橡胶（cM）热塑性硫化胶（TPV）,并对其力学性能、微观相态结构及吸水行为进行了研究。结果表明：在实验范围内,PVC／PAAS／CMTPV呈现出典型弹性体软而韧的应力应变行为;PAAS在基体中实现了均匀分散,且随着PAAS含量的增加,PVC／PAAS／CMTPV的力学性能呈下降趋势;PVC／PAAS／CMTPV的吸水性能随着PAAs的含量增加而显著提高,且在PAAS加入量为60phr时急剧增加;由于基体的屏蔽作用,PVC／PAAS／CMTPV没有出现明显的溶出现象。     

Preparation and characterization of water‐absorbing polyurethane foam composites with microsized sodium polyacrylate particles

This article introduces the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) and studies the effect of various mass percentages of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS, microsized) on PUF hydrophilicity. The characterization of PUF (with 0–5.5 wt % PAAS) was conducted via scanning electron microscopy, contact angle analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and pore size distribution. All modified foams showed an improvement in their water sorption and water maintenance capacities, and the PU foam content of 5.5 wt % PAAS showed a water absorption of 891%, and the water retention performance was 408% (96 h) compared to the pure PU foam. Through contact angle measurements, the relationship between the hydrophilicity of the modified foams and PAAS content was investigated. The compression strength of the samples was also tested. When the PAAS is 2.6 wt %, the compression strength of the composites decreased about 50% compared with the pure PU foam. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46702.     

水溶液法制备聚丙烯酸钠的实验研究

研究了以水为溶剂,以过硫酸铵为引发剂制备聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)的过程,考察了引发剂用量、链转移剂用量、单体浓度及反应温度对相对分子质量的影响,并分析得出生产最佳操作条件。     

亚硝酸钠和硫酸钠在甲醇、水中的溶解度测定与模拟

对亚硝酸钠和硫酸钠在甲醇、水混和溶剂中的溶解度进行了试验测定和模拟,结果表明甲醇的加入显著降低了亚硝酸钠和硫酸钠在水中的溶解度。甲醇、水混和溶液中甲醇含量高于50%后,亚硝酸钠溶解度急剧下降,甲醇含量高于30%时硫酸钠的溶解度显著下降,温度提高对电解质盐的溶解度提高不大。因此,在实际工况下,需控制甲醇在水溶液中含量低于30%以避免亚硝酸钠和硫酸钠析出。根据该结果确定了草酸酯合成流程中NO/CH3ONO的补充方式。     

Flocculation Mechanism of Synthetic Goethite Suspension Using Hydroxamated Polymer and Sodium Polyacrylate

The flocculation effects of homemade hydroxamated flocculant(HPAA)and commercially available sodium polyacrylate(PAAS)on synthetic goethite suspensions with different solid contents were studied.The adsorption mechanism of HPAA or PAAS on the surfaces of goethite was investigated.The settling rate of 50 g/L goethite suspension with HPAA(1.74 m/h)was faster than that with PAAS(0.54 m/h),which indicated that HPAA exhibits better flocculation performance than PAAS does.It could be found that the stretching vibration of carbonyl band in hydroxamic acid groups of HPAA was downshifted from 1 654 cm~(-1) to 1 645 cm~(-1) and a new adsorption band appeared at 1 455 cm-1,which demonstrated that a five-membered ring chelate may be formed among iron atoms of goethite surfaces,the hydroxyl groups and the carbonyl groups in hydroxamic acid groups of HPAA.In the case of PAAS,the separation of the asymmetric and symmetric stretches of the carboxylate groups in adsorbed PAAS was 163 cm-1,which was greater than that of unadsorbed PAAS with 157 cm~(-1).There was no indication of a contribution from the monodentate adsorption between iron atoms of goethite surfaces and carboxylate groups of PAAS,but there may exist a bi-dentate bridging structure.Compared with synthetic goethite,XPS curve fittings of Fe 2p spectra showed that the binding energies of the main Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 resolved peaks on HPAA-treated goethite surfaces were correspondingly decreased by 0.9 and 0.7 e V,while those on PAAS-treated goethite surfaces were correspondingly decreased by 0.7 and 0.3 e V.The characteristic N 1s peak of HPAA and C 1s peak of PAAS were correspondingly detected on HPAA-treated and PAAS-treated goethites,and a binding energy change of N 1s spectrum of adsorbed HPAA was observed.The relative atomic ratios of C/Fe,N/Fe and O/Fe on HPAA-treated and PAAS-treated goethite surfaces were increased.All the results suggested that HPAA or PAAS was adsorbed on the goethite surfaces by the chemisorption,and a stronger adsorption of HPAA on the goethite surfaces happened than that of PAAS.     

聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂合成和吸液性能研究

用溶液聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸系树脂(PAAS)。研究了反应温度、单体浓度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量及单体中和度对PAAS吸液性能的影响,得到了合成PAAS的较佳工艺条件。此条件下合成的产物在蒸馏水中的吸液倍率为1430g·g-1,在0 9%(m)的NaCl溶液中的吸液倍率为102g·g-1。同时也考察了PAAS在不同离子强度的NaCl、CuCl2,FeCl3和Mg Cl2、CaCl2、BaCl2以及KCl、KBr、KI溶液中的吸液性能。     

水处理阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的改性研究

通过氨基甲基磷酸和聚琥珀酰亚胺的氨解反应对水处理阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸进行改性,合成了含膦酰基的聚天冬氨酸衍生物N-(2-膦酰基甲基)天冬酰胺酸/天冬氨酸共聚物,测试了其对碳酸钙和磷酸钙的阻垢性能以及对氧化铁的分散性能,并与聚天冬氨酸和常用水处理阻垢剂聚丙烯酸钠作了比较,结果显示在聚天冬氨酸分子结构中引入膦酰基团不同程度地提高了产物对各种沉积物的阻垢分散性能.     

聚酰胺6／凹凸棒土纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

用聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）及六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）对凹凸棒土（ATP）进行分散、提纯和改性处理；利用透射电镜研究了其在水中的分散情况；利用热失重、红外和XRD对改性前后的ATP进行了表征。结果表明：PAAS及SHMP都能较好地分散ATP，PAAS对ATP的提纯改性效果要优于SHMP。在反应釜内通过水解开环聚合制备了聚酰胺6／凹凸棒土（PA6／ATP）纳米复合材料，利用XRD和DSC等测试手段分析了该复合材料的结晶结构；通过TEM分析了ATP在该复合材料中的分散情况，并测定了其力学性能。结果表明：ATP在PA6基体中分散较为均匀，当ATP用量为3．5％时，PA6的结晶度增加4．5％，材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和拉伸屈服强度分别较纯PA6提高33．7％、32．5％和29．4％。     

Silane‐modified NaA zeolite/PAAS hybrid pervaporation membranes for the dehydration of ethanol

To improve the pervaporation selectivity of poly(acrylic acid) sodium (PAAS) membranes incorporated with NaA zeolite, the interface compatibility between zeolite nanocrystals and the polymer matrix was improved by modifying NaA zeolite using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Both X‐ray photoelectron spectra and FTIR confirmed the chemical modification, while the results of zeolite particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed the improved dispersion of the modified zeolite. Transmission electron microscopy images of these hybrid membranes indicated that the interface between the polymer and modified zeolite phases had improved. The effects of loaded NaA zeolite on the pervaporation performance of hybrid membranes were investigated. The selectivity of hybrid membranes made from APTES‐modified zeolite was higher than that using the original zeolite under the same conditions, because fewer voids resulted from the incompatibility between the zeolite and PAAS and the structure was more homogenous. Based on the Arrhenius plots, the activation energies of water and the ethanol ratio were lower for modified zeolite hybrid membranes, because water molecules experienced less restrictive passage through the membranes compared with the original zeolite‐based hybrid membrane. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013