安徽省庐枞地区成矿规律及找矿方向

庐枞地区是长江中下游成矿带的一个重要矿集区，已探明的有罗河、龙桥、大鲍庄大型铁矿，大鲍庄、何家小岭大型硫铁矿，沙溪、井边中型铜矿，岳山中型铅锌银矿等。本文根据区内不同类型矿床的成矿地质条件及矿床的空间分布特征，总结庐枞地区区域成矿规律。结合以往地质资料和近年来地质找矿成果的综合分析，提出庐枞地区具有较大远景的找矿靶区有：（1）沙溪铜（金）找矿靶区；（2）清水塘—岳山铁、铅锌找矿靶区；（3）井边—巴家滩铜矿找矿靶区。     

神木县煤矿采空塌陷区综合防治对策

结合区域地质、工程地质等地质环境条件和人类工程活动,分析环境地质问题的形成因素,针对神木县朱家沟、白泥塔煤矿采空区的特点对其塌陷治理提出方案及建议。     

制约地质找矿实现重大突破的主要问题分析

地质找矿改革发展大讨论是地质工作准确定位,统一部署,解决体制机制障碍,实现地质找矿重大突破的一项重要工作。笔者从国家地质工作的性质与定位,中国地质调查局和大区中心的定位与职责问题和统筹规划地质工作三方面探讨了制约地质找矿实现突破的主要问题。从找矿思路、找矿方向、找矿工作的部署及资金的投入,地质工作的部署和组织实施以及矿业权的设置和配置等方面,分析了制约地质找矿重大突破的关键因素。并从加强基础地质工作,拓展地质服务领域,做好统一部署整合勘查工作和矿业权配置政策研究方面,提出了初步的建议与思考。     

基于先验信息约束的重磁三维交互反演建模技术——以铜陵矿集区为例

三维地质建模是实现深部矿产勘查突破的重要途径,其通过控矿地质体的三维建模,直观刻画控矿要素之间的空间、成因和演化关系,帮助理解成矿系统,开展深部找矿预测.当前三维建模主要采用地质资料构建,在缺少钻孔等已知资料的情况下,难于构建出可靠的三维地质模型.为了克服常规三维地质建模方法可信度低、精度差的缺点,本文将重磁交互反演技术引入到三维地质建模中,提出了基于先验信息约束,通过二度半剖面交互反演、三维物性反演联合修正的三维地质模型方法.采用该方法建立了铜陵矿集区的三维地质模型,并开展了深部找矿预测,取得以下主要认识:1)基于先验信息约束的重磁交互反演建模技术能大幅提高三维地质模型的可信度,是实现地下地质体"透明化"的重要途径;2)铜陵地区重要控矿地层(C-P-T2)主要分布于向斜区和火山岩覆盖区,深部岩浆岩条件优越,深部找矿工作应从传统的背斜隆起区转向向斜区和火山岩覆盖区以及部分凹陷区,这将极大拓展铜陵地区找矿空间;3)铜陵地区传统的五大矿田的侵入岩均具有复合岩体特征,特别是与辉石闪长岩共生的矿产以铁铜矿为主,而与金矿密切相关的侵入岩则多为中酸性岩体,这一推断如果成立,将对铜陵地区找矿突破产生重大影响;4)铜陵地区的推覆构造十分发育,木镇凹陷区的早古生代基底和南陵盆地北西缘的戴公山背斜就是一套区域性推覆构造的产物,三维地质模型还揭示铜陵地区侵入岩具有深、中、浅三重结构,这为铜陵隆起的推覆成因提供了证据,也指示了在铜陵之外再寻找类似铜陵矿集区的良好前景.     

辽宁省义县大铁厂地区金钼矿地质特征与找矿标志

辽宁省义县大铁厂地区金钼矿床为浅成中一高温热液石英脉型,受韧性剪切构造和岩浆活动控制,本文在详细研究了矿床地质及地球物理化学特征基础上,总结了该矿床的主要控矿因素并归纳了主要找矿标志,为进一步在该区找矿指明了方向。     

2012年各地找矿工作回顾

回首2012年我国的地质找矿工作,有硕果累累的喜悦,也有遇到困难和挫折时的惆怅。可以说,2012年是地质找矿工作发展的重要一年,在全国的地质找矿工作日益完善的勘查投入机制、收益机制和激励机制下,重大的勘查成果精彩呈现,找矿工作成效突出。2012年地质找矿取得了新的突破。固体矿产勘查投入达360亿元(社会投入260亿元)。新增大中型矿产地近200处。新增石油探明储量超过17     

地方

正河南:省煤田地质局地质找矿3年探宝187亿吨从河南省煤田地质局获悉:经过三年不懈努力,这个局地质找矿取得阶段性成效:共承揽各类地质勘查及地勘延伸业项目1064个,完成钻探工程量322万米,探明各种矿藏储量187.25亿吨,标志着这个局地质找矿"358"行动第一阶段取得重大进展。2010年11月,国土资源部正式提出地质找矿新机制和"358"战略目标。如何按照河南省找矿总体部署,确保     

地质勘查与找矿技术浅谈

在地质找矿方面,从勘查手段来说,就有着多样的技术方法。单一工作模式的局限性,往往会使得找矿过程效率较为低下,所以,如果要在地质找矿上有突破并取得好的经济效益,就应该有意识、有计划性地将各个模式的优点进行有机的结合。近几年有关部门也在此方面给予了重视。笔者结合了自己多年的工作经验,通过本论文简要地对地质勘查与找矿技术进行分析。     

西藏马扎拉矿区综合信息找矿模型建立与应用

马扎拉金锑矿是西藏藏南地区特提斯喜马拉雅成矿带上典型的受构造控制的蚀变岩型矿床.为了查明工作区控矿构造的空间展布以及为找矿评价提供依据,在前人总结的区域成矿模式的指导下,以物性为桥梁,将成矿模式转化为地质-地球物理模型,并以此模型为指导思想,综合分析了工作区地质资料和面积性的地球物理和地球化学资料,圈定了找矿有利的靶区,然后在靶区开展大比例尺的音频大地电磁测深和联合剖面测量工作.对音频大地电磁反演解译的断层进行了评价,推测与容矿相关的构造主要为F7、F12、Ft1、Ft2、Ft3.最后通过钻探对Ft1进行验证,成功发现了矿化破碎带.从而证明了综合信息找矿的合理性,为区内相似地质背景下的找矿工作提供了成功的经验.     

综合地球物理在荒漠覆盖区隐伏矿床预测与定位中的应用:以新疆拉伊克勒克铜多金属矿床为例

随着人类对资源的需求的增加,传统的矿产勘探空间已经越来越小,必须拓展新的找矿空间,近年来,全球资源能源勘查已经转向大陆深部和覆盖层之下.中国西部广泛分布的荒漠戈壁区,找矿勘查工作程度相对较低,有着巨大的找矿空间,但由于没有露头地表地质观察无法获取成矿信息,地质理论预测的不确定性大幅增加,制约了隐伏矿预测和定位的效果,亟待加强对荒漠覆盖区隐伏矿勘查技术的研究,探索有效的技术方法体系.本文选择准噶尔盆地东缘琼河坝地区为例,开展荒漠戈壁覆盖区找矿预测实践.首先以高精度地面大比例尺重力和磁力资料为基础,采用多尺度边缘检测技术划分断裂构造.然后结合重磁三维反演和多尺度边缘检测技术,开展了隐伏岩体的三维形态识别.在此基础上,结合区域化探和地质资料,预测了 7处找矿靶区.对其中的拉伊克勒克靶区进行了大比例尺地球物理和钻探查证,从预查到详查,通过地球物理技术的创新组合,在地表没有矿化线索的荒漠戈壁之下,新发现和评价拉伊克勒克大型铜多金属矿,实现琼河坝地区荒漠戈壁覆盖区找矿突破.结果证明我们提出的荒漠覆盖区隐伏矿预测与定位技术,在类似景观区具有一定的借鉴和示范意义.拉伊克勒克大型铜多金属矿的发现,也说明在新疆、内蒙等戈壁荒漠覆盖区找矿工作大有可为.     

南岭东段钨锡多金属矿床地质特征、成矿模式及找矿方向

南岭东段地区是世界著名的钨多金属矿集区。近年来中国地质调查局在该区实施钨多金属矿调查评价,找到了一批具有中大型远景的与花岗岩有关的新类型钨锡多金属矿床,特别是在复式岩体中的花岗岩型新类型钨钼多金属矿床（简称＂体中体＂式钨钼多金属矿床）和受中、上泥盆统地层控制的层控矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿床的发现,不仅实现了南岭东段地区找矿新突破,而且对整个南岭乃至我国华南地区钨锡多金属矿找矿具有重要指导作用。本文根据近年来南岭东段地区钨锡多金属矿找矿新成果,通过该区钨锡多金属矿床地质特征的总结,建立了南岭东段地区钨锡多金属矿成矿模式,提出了南岭东段地区今后钨锡多金属矿找矿方向应重点注意与燕山期复式花岗岩有关的＂体中体＂式钨钼多金属矿床和中、上泥盆统控制的层控矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿床的寻找。     

内蒙古大青山地区地质构造与成矿

内蒙古大青山地区的临河-集宁断裂带是华北板块北缘的一条重要断裂带。它主要由韧性剪切带、韧脆性剪切带和推覆构造等构成。推覆构造自南向北可分为叠瓦逆冲推覆构造带、紧闭褶皱-逆冲断层变形带、宽缓褶皱一断层转折褶皱带、滑脱褶皱一断层传播褶皱带等4个变形带。断裂带从韧性到脆性表示了其出露深度不同。并有由南到北活动强度逐渐减弱的趋势。该区主要分布有以金为主的多金属矿床和以煤、大理岩为主的非金属矿床。区内金多金属矿床多与韧性剪切带有关,断裂构造为金属矿床的形成提供了空间,也是成矿物质的通道。研究指出了该地区的找矿前景与方向。     

PRELIMINARY VOLCANIC HAZARD ZONATION IN JINLONGDINGZI VOLCANO,LONGANG VOLCANO AREA,JILIN PROVINCE,CHINA

Longgang volcano cluster is 150km away from the Tianchi volcano, located in Jingyu and Huinan Counties, Jilin Province, China. It had a long active history and produced hundreds of volcanoes. The latest and largest eruption occurred between 1 500 and 1 600 years ago by Jinlongdingzi(JLDZ)volcano which had several eruptions in the history. This paper discusses the volcanic hazard types, and using the numerical simulations of lava flow obtained with the Volcflow model, proposes the hazard zonation of JLDZ volcano area. JLDZ volcano eruption type is sub-plinian, which produced a great mass of tephra fallout, covering an area of 260km². The major types of volcanic hazards in JLDZ area are lava flow, tephra fallout and spatter deposits. Volcflow is developed by Kelfoun for the simulation of volcanic flows. The result of Volcflow shows that the flows are on the both sides of the previous lava flows which are low-lying areas now. According to the physical parameters of historical eruption and Volcflow, we propose the preliminary volcanic hazard zonation in JLDZ area. The air fall deposits are the most dangerous product in JLDZ. The highly dangerous region of spatter deposits is limited to a radius of about 2km around the volcano. The high risk area of tephra fallout is between 2km to 9km around the volcano, and between 9km to 14km is the moderate risk area. Out of 14km, it is the low risk area. Lava flow is controlled by topography. From Jinchuan Town to Houhe Village near the volcano is the low-lying area. If the volcano erupts, these areas will be in danger.     

新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿床石英闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文对新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿区出露的石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果表明红石滩石英闪长斑岩形成年龄为403.1±3.8 Ma,形成时代为早泥盆世.此外,测得的两个锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为895 Ma左右,表明研究区可能存在早元古代基底.红石滩石英闪长斑岩体与铜矿关系密切,是寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿的有利场所,为今后在该区寻找同类型铜矿提供重要依据.     

浙江庆元苍岱银多金属矿成矿模式探讨与找矿方向

作者通过对浙江庆元苍岱矿区成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征的分析,参照区域典型矿床的勘查研究成果,建立了适合本区的受中生代火山机构控制的火山-次火山热液型银铅锌多金属矿成矿模式,对指导矿区下一步找矿具有重要意义。通过深入研究,指出放弃浅部金银,主攻深部铅锌多金属的找矿思路。提出在物探、化探和地质高精度综合剖面测量基础上,采用钻探进行深部验证的工作方法,对于指导矿区及区域内火山岩覆盖区的矿产勘查具用重要意义。     

Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton

The North China Craton is the oldest continental block, and has suffered from large-scale lithospheric thinning and destruction, which in turn led to gold deposits in northern China. The decratonic gold deposits in the North China Craton became the most important gold deposits in China, and geophysical methods are key means to detect and discover gold deposits there. In this paper, based on the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the North China Craton, the geological model of the decratonic gold deposits is transformed into a geophysical model. At present, two methods of geophysical exploration of decratonic gold deposits are in use: rapid and efficient exploration on the scale of the ore concentration area, and large depth exploration on the scale of the deposit area. In detail, the airborne electromagnetic,magnetic and gravity methods are used to detect the shallow(1,500 m) anomaly area on the scale of the ore concentration area.Through the ground-controlled source electromagnetic and ground magnetotelluric methods, explorations for targets at significant depth(5,000 m) are carried out in the mining area. Then, taking the Liaodong ore concentration area as an example,geophysical methods are used to discover two prospecting areas around the Jianshanzi Fault in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area, Baiyun-Xiaotongjiapuzi deep prospecting area, and Qingchengzi deep prospecting area. Next, three prospecting areas are delineated around the Jixingou Fault in the Wulong mining area, Wulong deep prospecting area, Weishagou deep prospecting area, and Chang'an deep prospecting area. The anomalies in the ore concentration area and mining area are revealed by means of three-dimensional exploration methods, thereby providing technical support for the exploration of metal minerals such as decratonic gold deposits.     

Deposits of the 30 March 1956 directed blast at Bezymianny volcano,Kamchatka, Russia

 On 30 March 1956 a catastrophic directed blast took place at Bezymianny volcano. It was caused by the failure of 0.5 km³ portion of the volcanic edifice. The blast was generated by decompression of intra-crater dome and cryptodome that had formed during the preclimactic stage of the eruption. A violent pyroclastic surge formed as a result of the blast and spread in an easterly direction effecting an area of 500 km² on the lower flank of the volcano. The thickness of the deposits, although variable, decreases with distance from the volcano from 2.5 m to 4 cm. The volume of the deposit is calculated to be 0.2–0.4 km³. On average, the deposits are 84% juvenile material (andesite), of which 55% is dense andesite and 29% vesicular andesite. On a plot of sorting vs median diameter (Inman coefficients) the deposits occupy the area between the fall and flow fields. In the proximal zone (less than 19 km from the volcano) three layers can be distinguished in the deposits. The lower one (layer A) is distributed all over the proximal area, is very poorly sorted, enriched in fragments of dense juvenile andesite and contains an admixture of soil and uncharred plant remains. The middle layer (layer B) is distributed in patches tens to hundreds of metres across on the surface of layer A. Layer B is relatively well sorted as a result of a very low content of fine fractions, and it contains rare charred plant remains. The uppermost layer (layer C) forms still smaller patches on the surface of layer B. Layer C is characterized by intermediate sorting, is enriched in vesicular juvenile andesitic fragments, and contains a high percentage of the fine fraction and very rare plant remains which are thoroughly charred. Maximum clast size decreases from layer A to layer C. The absence of internal cross bedding is a characteristic of all three layers. In the distal zone (more than 19 km from the volcano) stratigraphy changes abruptly. Deposit here consists of one layer 26 to 4 cm in thickness, is composed of wavy laminated sand with a touch of gravel, is well sorted and contains uncharred plant remains. The Bezymianny blast deposits are not analogous with known types of pyroclastic surges, with the exception of the directed blast deposits of the Mount St.Helens eruption of 18 May 1980. The peculiarities of deposits from these two eruptions allow them to be separated into a special type: blast surge. This type of surge is formed when failure of volcanic edifice relieves the pressure from an inter-crater dome and/or cryptodome. A model is proposed to explain the peculiarities of the formation, transportation and emplacement of the Bezymianny blast surge deposits. Received: 19 December 1994 / Accepted: 12 December 1995     

淮北地区矽卡岩型铁铜矿床控矿条件分析与成矿模式

淮北地区位于安徽省北部,是重要金属成矿区之一。地质构造单元归属华北陆块,其矽卡岩型矿床的控矿条件和成矿模式既与华北地区邯邢式接触交代型铁矿床相似而又有区别。邯邢式铁矿主要围岩地层为奥陶系,矿石成分简单,以磁铁矿为主。淮北地区部分矿床具有这一特征,而另一部分矿床的特征与此有较大差异：围岩地层为寒武系,矿石成分复杂,以铁铜矿为主,并含有金、钼等其它有益元素,岩体分叉侵入,多层成矿,矿体产于燕山中期石英二长闪长玢岩与寒武系中上统内接触带及正接触带,镁质矽卡岩较发育,含铜矽卡岩可见于外接触带。为了与邯邢式铁矿区别,称其为前常式铁铜矿。本区矽卡岩型矿床的赋矿层位为中上寒武统一下奥陶统。其中,寒武系铁矿比例43．39％、铜矿比例92．67％、金矿比例100％,奥陶系铁矿比例56．61％、铜矿比例7．33％。本文在介绍地质背景的基础上、较系统地分析了控矿条件和成矿模式,提出了岩浆侵入活动中心（或活动带）与寒武系接触带为重点找矿方向的观点,并明确指出远离侵入中心（带）的岩床,其成矿性差。文中还介绍了覆盖区识别岩浆侵入活动中心（或活动带）的方法。     

Two series of copper-gold deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area (MLYRA) and the hydrogen,oxygen, sulfur and lead isotopes of their ore-forming hydrothermal systems

Based on studies on the geological characteristics of the copper-gold deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area (MLYRA) and their hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and lead isotope compositions, it is concluded that there existed two series of copper-gold deposits. They are evolutional products of two ore-forming hydrothermal systems in different geodynamic settings and geological era. Series I is stratiform or stratabound copper-gold deposits. These deposits were formed by submarine exhalation and sedimentation of hydrothermal solutions in Hercynian tensional tectonic environment after bot brine ascending along contemporaneous faults and exhaled into the sea-floor. Series II consists of copper-gold deposits related to medium and acidic magmatic intrusions. Their mineralizations took place in Yanshanian in a tensional or a transitional period to the tensional tectonic environment from the composite of the tethys tectonic regime and the Paleo-Pacific ocean tectonic regime, as well as in the upper mantle doming and crustal thinning environment. Copper-gold deposits were formed from the hydrothermal fluids, mixtures of magmatic water and part of meteoric water, by complex water-rock interactions and coupling dynamic processes of transport-chemical reactions. Superposition is an important condition for the formation of the large-scale copper-gold ore deposits.     

Two series of copper-gold deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area (MLYRA) and the hydrogen,oxygen, sulfur and lead isotopes of their ore-forming hydrothermal systems

Based on studies on the geological characteristics of the copper-gold deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area (MLYRA) and their hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and lead isotope compositions, it is concluded that there existed two series of copper-gold deposits. They are evolutional products of two ore-forming hydrothermal systems in different geodynamic settings and geological era. Series I is stratiform or stratabound copper-gold deposits. These deposits were formed by submarine exhalation and sedimentation of hydrothermal solutions in Hercynian tensional tectonic environment after bot brine ascending along contemporaneous faults and exhaled into the sea-floor. Series II consists of copper-gold deposits related to medium and acidic magmatic intrusions. Their mineralizations took place in Yanshanian in a tensional or a transitional period to the tensional tectonic environment from the composite of the tethys tectonic regime and the Paleo-Pacific ocean tectonic regime, as well as in the upper mantle doming and crustal thinning environment. Copper-gold deposits were formed from the hydrothermal fluids, mixtures of magmatic water and part of meteoric water, by complex water-rock interactions and coupling dynamic processes of transport-chemical reactions. Superposition is an important condition for the formation of the large-scale copper-gold ore deposits.