全方位整治家居声污染

1　噪音污染危害健康城市噪音污染已成为城市环境的一大公害。世界卫生组织最近进行的噪音污染调查认为 ,噪音污染已经成为影响人们身体健康和生活质量的严重问题。对于室内声环境 ,一是隔声性能要好 ;二是要求能够听到赏心悦耳的音响 ,即室内音响特性要好 ,回音时间要合适 ;三     

新型防噪音窗

居民住宅长期受噪音影响对人的身体健康有极大危害,引起噪音的首先是交通运输工具。这种状况对居住在繁忙的交通干线旁和城市中心的居民尤其是个严重问题。     

浅谈建筑隔声问题

本文对城市噪音的危害及其传播进行阐述与分析,同时提出了隔声是降低噪声干扰的重要手段,隔声从两方面入手,分不同情况,采取不同措施。     

对城市绿化重要性的思考

<正>一、绿化对城市的重要性1、减弱噪音现代城市噪音污染越来越严重,噪音不仅影响人们的正常生活,严重的还能危害人们的健康,影响人们的中枢神经系统和精神反应,导致人们出现精神不振、疲劳过度、血压增高等症状。利用乔木的庞大树冠和枝干,则可以吸收和隔离噪声。据测定,在没有树木的高大建筑林立的街道上,噪声强度比两侧种满树木的街道上大5倍以上,可见,城市绿化对减少噪音污染很重要。2、监测环境     

隔音门窗 武装你的房子

<正>城市建设进一步加快,不可避免地加剧了噪音污染的程度,尤其交通噪音在城市噪音中所占的比例高达40%。许多日夜与路相伴的城市居民对此自然"刻骨铭心"。     

创新环保“超级油烟机”在住宅中的应用

一、厨房油烟给城市环境带来的危害1.污染城市建筑外立面;2.污染了空气质量:空气中的悬浮物百分之四十是油烟颗粒物;3.危害人的身体健康,油烟会对人产生多种疾病,极易致癌。全球因油烟导致肺癌死亡的人数达到160万人,油烟的危害远远超过了汽车尾气的危害;     

施工与噪音协调问题探讨

针对噪音对人类的影响,就施工企业如何保证在正常施工的前提下,不影响周边建筑物的正常使用,从而对做到文明施工进行了论述,指出施工企业应优化施工进度,提高施工工艺,以减少噪音对人类的危害。     

浅谈几种建筑节能材料与方法

随着世界的经济不断发展,建筑节能技术已经成为住宅发展的必然趋势和城市建筑水平的标志。对建筑物所处环境及建筑物本身进行绿化,可降低建筑物周围微环境的温度、提高空气相对湿度,改善空气品质,降低噪音危害,从而延长建筑物通过自然通风降温的时间,改善室内空气品质,降低建筑物能耗,减轻“城市热岛效应”。     

阿姆斯壮高品质吸音天花板——在不同环境内的应用

通过上两期文章的介绍我们已经了解了室内噪音给人们带来的危害，同时也理解了具备优秀吸音性能的天花板是如何有效减少室内噪音的。下面再让我们具体分析一下教学、办公、医疗环境的声学环境要求，并分享阿姆斯壮极佳吸音性能的矿棉天花板产品在这些领域的优异表现。     

居住建筑设计中的噪声控制解析

随着我国现代化城市建设进程的不断推进，在居住建筑设计中彻底消除或减少噪音污染对住户的影响已成为建筑行业面临的主要问题。本文对居住建筑中产生噪音污染的原因进行了分析，并探讨了在居住建筑设计中减少噪音污染影响的措施。     

桥梁整体式声屏障设计及模具制作

通过实践制作系列高速铁路桥梁整体式混凝土声屏障的实物,对比了声屏障混凝土背面的美观影响因素,包括清水混凝土质量、装饰线条种类和数量、边过渡特征等。总结出桥梁整体式预制混凝土声屏障背面装饰线可以是圆弧形、三角形,其中单明线单暗线装饰更容易被接受,不仅美观而且便于制作和施工。板与板之间可以采取倒角过渡或直边过渡,一般直边过渡的模具加工较简便,但是制作精度要求较高,否则安装时候会有错缝,圆角过渡施工后美观且对安装精度要求较低。声屏障外形形状根据设计需要可以采用曲线或直线形,各有其优点。     

浅谈城市居住区声环境

居住区作为人们日常生活、健身、休息的主要场所,其环境的优劣直接关系到我们的生活质量.然而,如今的城市居住区严重受到城市噪声的影响.解决城市噪声问题是我们每个市民的迫切愿望.作为城市规划师和建筑设计师,在设计的初步阶段就应该运用设计手段,结合地形、地貌以及用地情况,从城市的规划、城市的交通布置、居住区的总平面规划、建筑组团的组织以及建筑单体的设计着手,采取必要的措施,在设计中改善居住区的声环境.从而为居住者提供舒适的生活环境,为建设生态住宅、生态小区、生态城市作出贡献.     

城市绿地形态对区域环境噪声的影响

在城市尺度,由于城市绿地和建筑对城市环境噪声的影响机制尚不明确,故鲜有研究单独将城市绿地和城市环境噪声联系起来.试图通过对城市绿地形态相关的指标优化来提高城市绿地对区域环境噪声的净衰减量增量.以武汉市武昌区为例,以600 m边长的网格为基本单元对研究区域进行划分,通过声学模拟和校正、空间分析与统计等方法计算各单元内的噪...     

建筑给排水噪声的产生与控制

针对目前备受人们关注的建筑给水排水噪声问题,本文探讨了建筑物给水排水系统噪声的产生原因以及噪声的控制方法,重点针对卫生器具、机械设备、给水管道、排水管道等方面噪声的产生原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的控制方法。     

面向城市规划的美国交通噪声防治借鉴

美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)从上世纪70年代起便从宏观层面着手,通过规划技术进行有预见性的交通噪声防治,近年来着重倡导与噪声兼容的土地利用规划(NCP),并进行相应的技术支持与政策引导,随后一些州制定了相关法规,并将交通噪声防治列入城市总体规划的必须包含的内容之一。其中,所取得的经验可对解决我国交通噪声问题提供参考,被我国城市管理部门及设计人员所借鉴。     

Assessment of traffic noise and its impact on the community

Road transportation plays a major role in the economic and social development of a country. With the increase in vehicle population, noise levels will increase. This paper discusses the results of a study undertaken to assess the noise levels at the major traffic junctions of an urban city. The noise equivalent level L _eq was measured in the community areas as well as at the traffic junctions. The statistical levels L₁₀, L₅₀, L₉₀ were also measured to determine the Traffic Noise Index at the junctions. A holistic approach was adopted to study the impact of noise on the community and at the work place of an industry.     

Priorization of acoustic variables: Environmental decision support for the physical characterization of urban sound environments

Environmental noise is a factor with a significant impact on personal well-being. One of the principal challenges of urban planning is the creation of urban spaces capable of providing inhabitants with a high quality of life. Consequently urban spaces must be planned with an acceptable sound level and quality. For this purpose, it is necessary to design a tool capable of accurately characterizing the urban sound environment. This article describes a priorization of acoustic variables, which will ultimately help to make decisions in the characterization of environmental urban noise. This study describes the development of a model to characterize sound environments, in urban agglomerations, which takes into account both temporal and spatial structure. The results obtained point to the influence of the variables related to the evolution of sound pressure on the calculation of the sound pressure level. They also reflect the influence of the sound pressure level corrected by the variability of the sound pressure, as well as the benefits derived from an optimal selection of variables in the characterization of the sound environment.     

减振降噪型无碴轨道结构设计的研究

通过分析轨道结构噪声和振动的产生与传播的特点 ,指出了减振降噪型轨道结构的设计原则。提出了一些降低轨道结构噪声与振动的有效方法和结构形式。对城市轨道交通设计以及轨道结构设计 ,具有一定的参考和实用价值     

Predictors of noise annoyance in noisy and quiet urban streets

Objectives

Although noise annoyance is a major public health problem in urban areas, there is a lack of published data on predictors for noise annoyance in acoustically different urban environments. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive value of various factors on noise annoyance in noisy and quiet urban streets.

Methods

Equivalent noise levels [Leq (dBA)] were measured during day, evening and night times in all of the streets of a central Belgrade municipality. Based on 24-hour noise levels, the streets were denoted as noisy (24-hour Leq over 65 dBA), or quiet (24-hour Leq under 55 dBA). A cross-sectional study was performed on 1954 adult residents (768 men and 1186 women), aged 18-80 years. Noise annoyance was estimated using a self-report five-graded scale. In both areas, two multivariate logistic regression models were fitted: the first one with nighttime noise indicators and the other one with parameters for 24-hour noise exposure.

Results

In noisy streets, the relevant predictors of high annoyance were: the orientation of living room/bedroom toward the street, noise annoyance at workplace, and noise sensitivity. Significant acoustical factors for high noise annoyance were: nighttime noise level [OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00-1.04 (per decibel)], nighttime heavy traffic [OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 1.00-1.02 (per vehicle)]; or day-evening-night noise level (Lden) [OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.00-1.07 (per decibel)]. In quiet streets, the significant predictors were: noise sensitivity, the time spent at home daily, light vehicles at nighttime or heavy vehicles at daytime.

Conclusions

Our study identified subjective noise sensitivity as a common annoyance predictor, regardless of noise exposure. Noise levels were important indicators of annoyance only in noisy streets, both for nighttime and 24-hour exposure. We propose that noise sensitivity is the most relevant personal trait for future studies and that nighttime noise levels might be as good as Lden in predicting annoyance in noisy urban areas.