贵州省抽样点广州管圆线虫疫源地调查

广州管圆线虫是人兽共患寄生虫.其终宿主主要是啮齿类动物中的各种鼠类,人多因吃了生的或不熟的含有广州管圆线虫幼虫的螺肉而感染,其幼虫可侵犯人体的中枢神经系统引起嗜酸性粒细胞增多性脑膜炎或脊神经根脑膜炎等[1].     

严防虫从口入

9月,北京消费者食用凉拌福寿螺引发广州管圆线虫病,引发了一场以北京为中心,幅射全国的“抵螺”运动,被查禁的对象甚至延伸至所有的水产品家族。引起寄生虫病的不仅仅是未煮熟煮透的水产品,还有可能是不良的卫生习惯。病例一李先生半个月前在一家餐馆吃饭时,朋友热情地向他推荐了餐馆的招牌菜——醉虾。吃完醉虾后大约过了两星期,李先生就经常腹泻,到医院治疗时做了寄生虫病有关肝吸虫的检查,结果被查出他已经感染上了钩虫病,而罪魁祸首极有可能就是醉虾。药师分析患肝吸虫病的病因是吃含有活的肝吸虫囊蚴的淡水鱼、虾而感染。人吃下带有肝…     

阿苯达唑治疗广州管圆线虫病出现肝损害39例的回顾性分析

目的：研究阿苯达唑治疗广州管圆线虫病出现肝损害的临床特点。方法：收集我院2006年8～9月39例感染广州管圆线虫用阿苯达唑治疗出现肝损害患者的临床资料，并对其年龄、性别、用药情况、临床表现及预后进行统计分析。结果：39例肝损害患者中男27例（69.23％），女12例（30．77％）。平均（36．44±9．77）岁。患者口服阿苯达唑400mg，3次／d，疗程3～17d，39例患者的ALT和AST分别由（17．11±7、94）U／L升至（104．07±58．20）U／L，（14、80±3．93）U／L升至（45．48±29．77）U／L。患者经保肝治疗10个月后，其ALT和AST水平均恢复正常。结论：广州管圆线虫病患者用阿苯达唑治疗出现肝损害（ALT和AST升高）可能和剂量、疗程以及联合用药有关。患者经保肝治疗后ALT和AST水平可恢复正常。     

广州管圆线虫脑病临床特征及误诊病例分析

广州管圆线虫病（angiostrongyliasis cantonensis）是以急性脑膜炎为主要表现的寄生虫感染性疾病，其特点是外周血及脑脊液中嗜酸细胞显著升高。     

广州管圆线虫病临床诊疗方案(试行)

2006年6～9月北京局部小范围暴发广州管圆线虫病。北京热带医学研究所于2006年8月组织专家编写了《广州管圆线虫病临床诊疗方案(试行)》,以指导临床医师对该病的正确识别和规范诊疗。本方案将在临床实践中不断完善。现摘要介绍给广大读者,以帮助农村和基层医疗工作者认识本病。     

谨防“食源性疾病”从口入

引发全社会关注的北京“福寿螺事件”病因调查近日水落石出。根据北京市卫生局通报的数据,自6月24日至9月2日下午15时,本市共接到临床诊断报告131例广州管圆线虫病病例,其中临床住院病例91例。“我们还能吃什么?”面对不断爆出的食品安全问题,人们不禁从心底一遍遍发出拷问。如何防范类似“福寿螺事件”再度发生?专家指出,做好食品安全,应当成为社会各方关注的健康焦点。     

儿童用中成药一捻金及其拆方对秀丽线虫幼虫生长和神经行为的影响

目的 探究儿童用中成药一捻金及其拆方对秀丽线虫幼虫生长和神经行为的影响。方法 以一捻金对秀丽线虫L1期幼虫生长影响的低剂量(4.50 mg/ml)作为一捻金实验剂量,各拆方组依据《中国药典》中组方比例混合制成相应的剂量。将秀丽线虫L1期幼虫分别暴露于一捻金及其各拆方组48 h,检测一捻金及其拆方组对线虫生长(体长和体宽)和神经行为(摄食行为、排便行为和运动行为)的影响。结果 在4.5 mg/ml的实验剂量下,与对照组相比,一捻金、去朱砂一捻金、炒牵牛子和炒牵牛子+朱砂组线虫的体长和体宽减小;去朱砂一捻金、炒牵牛子和炒牵牛子+朱砂组线虫的咽泵振动频率增高;一捻金、去朱砂一捻金、炒牵牛子和炒牵牛子+朱砂可导致线虫的平均排便循环时间缩短;炒牵牛子+朱砂可增高线虫的头部摆动频率;炒牵牛子组线虫的身体弯曲频率升高。结论 一捻金(4.5 mg/ml)可延缓秀丽线虫幼虫生长,改变神经行为,该拆方剂量下的朱砂单独作用对线虫幼虫的生长和神经行为并无明显影响,而炒牵牛子可能是一捻金中影响线虫幼虫生长和神经行为的主要组分。     

斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲的侵染能力

本文应用Hassell-Varley模型和Holling功能反应模型对斯氏线虫与黄条跳甲三龄幼虫的关系进行了拟合，得到在48h内，每百条线虫可感染1．4头寄主，线虫间干扰作用为0．2738；每2500条线虫对寄主的瞬时发现率为0．5，在最适宜的条件下，最多可感染72头寄主。线虫对不同龄期的黄曲条跳甲幼虫感染，结果表明，随寄主龄期的增加而感染率增加。     

硫柳汞对秀丽隐杆线虫神经行为及生长发育的影响北大核心CSCD

目的通过研究硫柳汞对秀丽隐杆线虫(简称线虫)幼虫神经行为及生长发育的影响,初步探讨硫柳汞对线虫的神经发育毒性。方法采用L1期线虫,以0~140μmol/L或0~5μmol/L硫柳汞分别暴露48 h,检测其半数致死浓度(LC50),分别考察其对线虫运动行为、感知行为、摄食行为及生长发育(体长、体宽)的影响。结果与溶剂对照组比较,线虫幼虫暴露于硫柳汞48 h后,其运动行为(头部摆动和身体弯曲)、感知行为(趋向和趋避)和摄食行为(咽泵震动)均有显著改变(P<0.05)。此外,硫柳汞显著抑制线虫的生长发育,并且这种抑制作用具有剂量-效应关系。结论硫柳汞对线虫幼虫神经行为及生长发育产生不良影响,其毒性机制有待深入研究。     

硫柳汞对秀丽隐杆线虫神经行为及生长发育的影响

目的通过研究硫柳汞对秀丽隐杆线虫(简称线虫)幼虫神经行为及生长发育的影响,初步探讨硫柳汞对线虫的神经发育毒性。方法采用L1期线虫,以0~140μmol/L或0~5μmol/L硫柳汞分别暴露48 h,检测其半数致死浓度(LC50),分别考察其对线虫运动行为、感知行为、摄食行为及生长发育(体长、体宽)的影响。结果与溶剂对照组比较,线虫幼虫暴露于硫柳汞48 h后,其运动行为(头部摆动和身体弯曲)、感知行为(趋向和趋避)和摄食行为(咽泵震动)均有显著改变(P0.05)。此外,硫柳汞显著抑制线虫的生长发育,并且这种抑制作用具有剂量-效应关系。结论硫柳汞对线虫幼虫神经行为及生长发育产生不良影响,其毒性机制有待深入研究。     

细叶石仙桃地上部分挥发性成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

目的:研究细叶石仙桃地上部分的挥发性成分。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)并结合保留指数法测定样品中的挥发性成分;采用峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性成分的相对百分含量。结果:从细叶石仙桃地上部分共分离鉴定出20个化学成分,占总挥发性成分的98.35%。其中,植酮(26.56%)、[R,R]-2,3-丁二醇(11.99%)、E-15-十七碳烯醛(8.91%)、十七烷(5.11%)、2,3-丁二醇(4.85%)、棕榈酸(4.80%)、十六烷(3.91%)、菲(3.78%)、植烷(3.63%)、广藿香醇(3.60%)和亚油酸甲酯(3.01%)是主要的挥发性成分。结论:本试验结果可为细叶石仙桃的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Germany

We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a patient who returned from Thailand. The presence of a compatible epidemiologic history and eosinophilia in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lead to the diagnosis, which was confirmed by detection of specific antibodies. After treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids he recovered completely.     

Anti-tumor activities of decursinol angelate and decursin from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Angelica gigas</Emphasis>

The in vivo anti-tumor activities of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas were investigated. These two compounds, when administered consecutively for 9 days at 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. in mice, caused a significant increase in the life span and a significant decrease in the tumor weight and volume of mice inoculated with Sarcoma-180 tumor cells. These results suggest that decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) from A. gigas have anti-tumor activities.     

Effects of cadmium on aneuploidy and hemocyte parameters in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, are commonly reared in estuaries where they are exposed to anthropogenic pollution. Much research has been made on the toxicity of cadmium to aquatic organisms because the compound recurrently contaminates their environment. Our study examined the influence of cadmium on aneuploidy level (lowered chromosome number in a percentage of somatic cells) and hemocyte parameters in C. gigas at different stages of life. Adults and juveniles were exposed to two different concentrations of cadmium. The first concentration applied was equivalent to a peak value found in Marennes-Oléron bay (Charente-Maritime, France; 50 ngL(-1)) and the second was 10 times higher (500 ngL(-1)). Exposure to 50 ngL(-1) cadmium caused a significant decrease in the survival time of C. gigas, but exposure to 500 ngL(-1) surprisingly affected the survival time positively. Significant differences in aneuploidy level were observed between the cadmium treatments and the control in adults but not in juveniles or the offspring of the adult groups. The effects of cadmium on hemocyte parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry. Several hemocyte parameters increased significantly after 21 days of cadmium exposure and subsequently decreased. Phenoloxidase-like activity, evaluated by spectrophotometry, varied over the time of the experiment and increased after 66 days of contact with 500 ngL(-1) cadmium. Taken together, cadmium at environmentally relevant concentrations seems to have only moderate effects on aneuploidy and hemocyte parameters.     

Effects of toxic dinoflagellates and toxin biotransformation in bivalves

Attempts were made to elucidate the different responses of shellfish to paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and the PSP donor Alexandrium minutum T1. Five species of edible bivalves (Crassostrea gigas, Meretrix lusoria, Mytilus edulis, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Soletellina diphos) were collected and examined for susceptibility to PSP and PSP donor. It was determined that all five bivalves had low susceptibility to PSP following an intramuscular injection (> 300 MU/20 g). The abnormal effects on bivalves were species-specific and varied with the concentration of A. minutum T1. Judging from the LC50 data (medium lethal concentration), the resistance of bivalves to the toxic dinoflagellate was as follows (least to most resistant): C. gigas < R. philippinarum < M. lusoria < M. edulis, S. diphos. With the exception of S. diphos, the bivalves accumulated very little toxin (< 2 MU/g edible tissue) when they were exposed to 10(7) cells/L of A. minutum for four days. The toxin levels in S. diphos increased with exposure time to the toxic dinoflagellates and accumulated primarily in the digestive gland (88-100%), followed by the gill (0-10%), and other organs (0-8%). Although the concentrations of toxin components in the digestive gland were found to be variable during the exposure period, the toxin profile in the digestive gland of S. diphos during the early exposure period was similar to that of A. minutum. Moreover, toxin components in the gills and in other organs were retained at near constant concentrations during the exposure period.     

Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (VIII). Effects of some possible neurotransmitters on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Effects of some possible neurotransmitters such as GABA, adrenergic drugs, and 5-HT and their antagonists on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. Paralysis was caused by GABA, avermectin BIa (Av-BIa), piperazine and alpha-adrenergic agonists such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, clonidine and methoxamine, but not by beta-adrenergic agonists such as isoproterenol. The paralysis by GABA or Av-BIa was antagonized by GABA antagonists such as picrotoxin and/or bicuculline with cholinergic agents such as N-methylcytisine (N-MC) or eserine. The paralysis elicited by alpha-adrenergic agonists was antagonized by alpha-adrenergic antagonists such as phentolamine and dibenamine, but not by beta-adrenergic antagonists such as propranolol. 5-HT affected the motility of A. cantonensis paralytically or spastically. The paralysis induced by 5-HT was antagonized by alpha-adrenergic antagonists such as phentolamine and dibenamine, while the contraction induced by this compound was further stimulated by N-MC, but antagonized by strychnine. Other agents such as glutamine, glycine, aspartic acid, taurine, and substance P showed little effect on the motility of A. Cantonensis. From these findings on the neuropharmacological properties of A. cantonensis, it is suggested that this worm is useful as an excellent nematodal model for the investigation of anthelminthics. In addition, this worm may also useful as one of screening models of drugs affecting the central nervous system in mammals.     

Eosinophilic meningitis in a returned traveler from Santo Domingo: case report and review

We describe one case of eosinophilic meningitis (EM) in a traveler returning from Santo Domingo, presumably caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Treatment with mebendazole and steroids was effective. The presence of persistent headache, fever, and eosinophilia in travelers who return from developing countries should alert clinicians to the possibility of EM.