完全腹腔镜下直肠癌全直肠系膜切除根治术29例报告

目的探讨四孔法完全腹腔镜下完成全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)、直肠拖出低位或超低位行结肠-直肠、结肠-肛管吻合治疗直肠癌的可行性。方法2008年4月~2009年5月,按TME原则,四孔法完全腹腔镜下对29例低位直肠癌实施低位或超低位结肠-直肠、结肠-肛管吻合术,全系膜游离后拖出肛门外切除并手工吻合或吻合器吻合。结果29例均完全在腹腔镜下完成,无辅助切口,保肛率100%。手术时间150~310min,平均185min。术中出血20~120ml,平均50ml。术后2~3d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间12~35d,平均15d。术后28例应用止痛剂。1例直肠阴道瘘。29例随访3~13个月,平均8个月,未发现穿刺口种植和局部复发。结论四孔法完全腹腔镜下行TME低位或超低位结肠-直肠、结肠-肛管吻合术治疗直肠癌安全可行,具有创伤小、出血少、保肛率高、术后疼痛轻、恢复快等优点。     

经肛门拖出标本的全腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术中切除标本自肛门内拖出的可行性。方法 2007年1月~2010年5月,对30例肿块5 cm的直肠癌施行全腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术,手术标本自肛门拖出,肠断端腔镜下荷包缝合及管型吻合器结直肠吻合。结果 30例在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。无腹腔、盆腔脏器的损伤。手术时间120~240min,平均150 min;术中出血20~80 ml,平均35 ml。发生吻合口漏4例,均经保守治疗治愈(18~30 d)。术后随访3~40个月,平均24.3月,2例1年后吻合口复发。结论直径5 cm的标本自肛门拖出的全腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术是可行的,避免腹部辅助切口,创伤更小。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌经肛门拖出切除吻合术近期疗效分析(附11例报告)

目的:评价腹腔镜低位直肠癌经肛门拖出切除吻合技术的近期疗效。方法:回顾分析11例腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除、经肛门拖出切除、结-直肠吻合、预防性末端回肠造瘘手术的临床资料。结果:11例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无一例中转开腹,无辅助切口,保肛率100%。手术时间平均(162.3±31.01)min,术中出血量平均(31.82±14.88)ml,术后平均(2.00±0.63)d恢复胃肠功能并进流质饮食,平均住院(12.27±1.56)d。术后1例发生吻合口漏。结论:腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除、经肛门拖出切除吻合技术治疗低位直肠癌创伤小、安全、可行,近期疗效满意。     

改良全腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除经肛拖出吻合重建的临床应用

目的对腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除经肛门拖出吻合重建技术进行改良,总结改良术式的手术方法及效果。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年10月56例腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除经肛门拖出吻合重建患者的临床资料,其中男性27例,女性29例;年龄25~72岁,平均52岁;肿瘤最大径1.2~5.0 cm,平均3.5 cm;肿瘤距离肛门4~12 cm,平均8 cm。结果 56例患者均成功完成改良术式,无中转开腹。手术时间100~180 min,平均130 min。1例术后合并心力衰竭,经内科处理好转,无其他手术相关并发症。48例患者获得随访,随访6~22个月,平均14个月,无局部复发病例。结论改良腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除经肛门拖出吻合重建技术是一种安全有效的术式。     

直肠拖出吻合式腹腔镜直肠癌手术

目的探讨经直肠拖出吻合式腹腔镜直肠癌手术的临床价值。方法术前结肠镜确诊为直肠癌60例,肿瘤距肛门3~12cm。腹腔镜下直肠癌根治切除,游离直肠至齿状线上约2cm处,将直肠拖出吻合器吻合肠段。结果60例顺利完成腹腔镜直肠癌根治切除,无中转开腹及严重并发症。手术时间89~179min,(120±25)min;术中出血量48~147ml,(75±26)ml;住院时间5~12d,(8.3±1.5)d;住院费8680~15800元,(9900±750)元。60例随访12~25个月,平均22.3月,无腹腔大出血、肛门狭窄、肠漏等严重并发症,术后2个月后无大便失禁。1例术后12个月局部复发,腹腔镜下二次手术。结论直肠拖出吻合式腹腔镜直肠癌手术安全、疗效确切,术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜全系膜切除术联合经肛门内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌42例

目的探讨腹腔镜全系膜切除术（TME）联合经肛门内括约肌切除保肛术（ISR）治疗超低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选择2009年1月至2012年6月42例超低位直肠癌患者采用腹腔镜TME联合ISR术治疗。按TME原则完全游离切除直肠后,经肛门内括约肌切除,完成超低位直肠癌保肛手术。对患者的临床资料、术后并发症及随访结果进行分析。结果42例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹或者改行Mile’s术式,13例行回肠预防性造口,2例发生吻合口瘘,经保守治疗治愈。所有患者术后肛门括约肌功能比较满意,无围手术期死亡。随访9-40个月,1例于术后15个月发生肝脏多发转移再次入院进一步治疗。结论对于术前评估早中期超低位直肠癌,特别是肿瘤没有侵犯肛门内括约肌,采用腹腔镜TME联合IRS术是安全可行的,提高了保肛成功率,提高患者术后生活质量且局部复发率低。     

经肛拖出式直肠乙状结肠吻合在完全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨经肛拖出式直肠乙状结肠吻合完全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年6月～2018年6月采用拖出式吻合行完全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术22例的临床资料,遵循全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)原则,充分游离直肠后,经肛将远端直肠外翻拉出体外切除标本,采用反穿刺技术将抵钉座置入近端乙状结肠,完成直肠乙状结肠吻合。结果本组均于腹腔镜下顺利完成Dixon手术,无中转开腹。手术时间160～220 min(平均186 min),置入抵钉座时间12～18 min(平均15 min),术中出血量60～150 ml(平均100 ml),术后住院时间7～11 d(平均9. 2 d)。切除标本远切缘均为阴性。术后未发生吻合口漏、狭窄、出血等并发症,随访5～8个月,未发现肿瘤复发及远处转移。结论采用拖出式吻合施行完全腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术,能够保证足够的下切缘,无腹部辅助切口,安全可行。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌拖出保肛术中J形端侧吻合的应用

目的 探讨J形端侧吻合在腹腔镜低位直肠癌拖出保肛术中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析8例低位直肠癌应用腹腔镜经肛门拖出切除J形端侧吻合术的情况,腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除,直肠经肛门拖出切除,J形端侧结直肠或结肠肛管吻合.结果 所有患者顺利完成手术,手术时间180～240 min、平均210 min.术中出血30～80 m...     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜辅助下经肛门拖出双吻合器切除术(附12例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下经肛门拖出双吻合器切除在低位直肠癌手术中的应用。方法:回顾分析为12例低位直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜辅助下经肛门拖出双吻合器切除术的临床资料。结果:12例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,手术时间180～260min,平均210min,出血量50～500ml,平均160ml。术后切缘病理检查均未见癌细胞浸润,无吻合口漏及手术死亡病例。12例患者均获随访,随访时间3～14个月,随访期内肝转移1例,无吻合口复发,1例术后8个月仍每天排便3～5次,余者2～4个月后排便正常。结论:低位直肠癌腹腔镜辅助下经肛门拖出双吻合器切除术安全可行,熟练的开腹手术经验及腹腔镜操作技巧是手术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除联合经肛内括约肌切除保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌

目的探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（total mesorectal excision,TME）联合经肛内括约肌切除（intersphinctericresection,ISR）保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌的可行性及疗效。方法 2006年5月~2009年5月,18例超低位直肠癌（肿瘤直径0.8~5.5 cm,下缘距肛缘1.9~4.5 cm）行腹腔镜TME联合ISR术。病例选择标准：肿瘤下缘距肛门〈5 cm;直肠指诊肿块可以推动;腔内B超、MRI或CT提示无外括约肌受累;无远处转移;肛门括约肌功能正常。腹部：在腹腔镜下TME法分离直肠及其系膜至肛提肌水平。肛门部：切开肛管黏膜至内外括约肌间隙,沿间隙向盆腔分离,与腹部操作部位会合,移除标本,结肠肛管吻合。术后进行随访。结果 18例均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,无围手术期死亡。手术时间180~300 min,平均220 min。术中出血40~160 ml,平均100 ml。手术切缘均阴性。10例未行回肠造口者中发生吻合口漏3例,加行回肠造口术及充分引流后痊愈。全组随访12~46个月,平均23个月。术后早期肛门经常粪污,每日排便3~10次。术后1年排便次数减为每日1~4次,控便时间可达5 min以上。根据Kirwan分级,1年后肛门功能Ⅰ级＋Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级2例。结论选择合适的超低位直肠癌,特别是没有侵犯外括约肌的早期患者,采用腹腔镜TME联合经肛内括约肌切除保肛术是可行的,能体现根治、保肛、微创和经济的优点。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌经肛拖出切除吻合术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌经肛拖出切除吻合术的临床应用价值.方法 2009年6月～ 2011年9月,对45例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜经肛拖出切除吻合术,均行腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除,并行预防性回肠造瘘.结果 45例均完成手术,无中转开腹,切割圈均完整,无输尿管损伤.手术时间185 ～ 260 min,平均215 min,术中出血量50 ～250 ml,平均110ml.切除淋巴结15 ～ 20枚,平均16.5枚,术后病理9例有阳性淋巴结.术后回肠造瘘排气时间3～5d,平均3.5d,留置导尿3～4d.术后无切口感染、肠粘连、切口裂开,术后住院时间12～ 17 d,平均15 d.随访15～28个月,平均23个月,未发现局部复发及远处转移.回肠造瘘回纳后,肛门控便、控气功能良好.结论 腹腔镜低位直肠癌经肛拖出切除吻合术安全可行,为瘤体较小、组织学分型好的早、中期的低位直肠癌提供一种较好的术式选择.     

腹腔镜直肠癌直肠全系膜切除保肛手术的临床应用

目的 探索腹腔镜下行直肠癌直肠全系膜切除（TME）保肛手术的可行性。方法 对2年余住院的54例直肠癌患者文施在腹腔镜下行TME保肛于术。54例中51例在腹腔镜下完成手术，包括前切除14例，低位前切除（吻合门距离齿状线2．0cm以上）19例，超低位前切除（吻合口与齿状线的距离小于2．0cm）16例，结肠-肛管吻合（吻合口位于齿状线）2例。3例中转开腹；其中2例因Dukes C期肿瘤已浸润肠管周围，1例因骨盆狭小，肿瘤距肛缘7cm．腹腔镜下操作困难而中转开腹。结果 51例腹腔下TME的患者手术顺利。手术时间110～210（平均145）min；术中出血30～80（平均50）mL；术后48～36h恢复胃肠功能并下床活动，住院时间7～14（平均9）d。术后应用止痛剂20例。术中术后均无并发症发生．术后控便功能的恢复旧吻合口高低而存在差异．6个月后均恢复正常排便功能。51例术后均随访，随访时间为6～36个月。均尤操作孔种植和肿瘤复发。结论 腹腔镜直肠癌TME保肛手术安全可行，其创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快，是极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

Restorative proctectomy with colon pouch–anal anastomosis by laparoscopic transanal pull-through: an available option for low rectal cancer?

Background There are sporadic reports, with different verdicts, of restorative proctectomy by laparoscopic transanal pull-through (LTPT) without the use of a minilaparotomy for a part of the procedure. This study aimed to explore the applicability and advantages of LTPT with colon pouch–anal anastomosis for low rectal cancer, and to evaluate the results. Methods From January 2002 to July 2003, 10 of 12 patients (6 men and 4 women) undergoing a laparoscopic procedure for low rectal cancer (<6 cm from the anal verge) underwent LTPT. The mean age of these patients was 58 years. The results have been compared with those for 12 similar non–pull-through procedures performed during the same period. Results There was no operative mortality. An anastomotic leakage and a hemorrhagic gastropathy occurred in the LTPT group. During a mean follow-up period of 18 months (range, 12–26 months), there was no local relapse. Four patients manifested moderate incontinence. No significant differences in functional outcome were observed between the LTPT and control groups. Conclusion The authors’ experience supports use of the LTPT procedure with colonic pouch–anal anastomosis for selected lower rectal cancers with indications for a laparoscopic approach as an appropriate and reproducible surgical treatment.     

Technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with pouch coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with coloanal anastomosis for mid and low rectal cancer. Methods During a 2‐year period, 50 patients underwent laparoscopic TME with coloanal anastomosis for rectal carcinoma located at a median of 4.5 (range 2–11) cm from the anal verge. Pre‐operative radiotherapy was used in 46 patients. Intersphincteric dissection was combined with the laparoscopic procedure to achieve sphincter preservation. Results Conversion to a laparotomy was necessary in six patients. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 2% and 28%, respectively. Morbidity was lower in patients operated on during the second part of the study, who had extraction of the rectal specimen through a small laparotomy incision, than in those operated on during the first part of the study when removal of the specimen was by transanal extraction. Oncological quality of excision was safe in 44 patients with intact or almost intact rectal fascia in 88% and R0 resection in 90%. At a median follow‐up of 18 months, there was no local or port‐site recurrence. Conclusion This study confirms our preliminary results of oncological feasibility of laparoscopic TME with sphincter preservation for mid and low rectal cancer, and showed that morbidity can be decreased by using a standardized surgical procedure.     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)行低位(超低位)直肠癌保肛治疗的方法与可行性。方法:按TME原则,用双吻合器技术在腹腔镜下对26例低位(超低位)直肠癌患者实行TME低位(超低位)结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合术。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹,手术时间180-240min,平均210min;术中出血30-100ml,平均70ml;术后2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动;住院7-14d,平均8d,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜TME低位(超低位)吻合术保肛治疗低位直肠癌具有创伤小、并发症少、出血少、肠功能恢复快等优点,安全可行。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中拖出切除吻合术的临床应用

目的：探讨经肛门外翻拖出切除吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院近几年应用经肛门外翻拖出切除吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术35例患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果所有手术标本远端阴性切缘≥2 cm,环周病理检查未见癌细胞侵润。术后无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄或大便失禁等并发症。随访1个月~5年,无种植性肿瘤转移和局部复发患者。结论经肛门外翻拖出切除吻合术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中具有微创和安全可靠的临床效果。     

Laparoscopic rectal resection with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer

Background Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the surgical gold standard treatment for middle and low third rectal carcinoma. Laparoscopy has gradually become accepted for the treatment of colorectal malignancy after a long period of questions regarding its safety. The purposes of this study were to examine prospectively our experience with laparoscopic TME and high rectal resections, to evaluate the surgical outcomes and oncologic adequacy, and to discuss the role of this procedure in the treatment of rectal cancer. Methods Between December 1992 and December 2004, all patients who underwent elective laparoscopic sphincter preserving rectal resection for rectal cancer were enrolled prospectively in this study. Data collection included preoperative, operative, postoperative and oncologic results with long-term follow-up. Results A total of 218 patients were operated on during the study period: 142 patients underwent laparoscopic TME and 76 patients underwent anterior resection. Of the TME patients, 122 patients were operated using the double-stapling technique, and 20 patients underwent colo-anal anastomosis with hand-sewn sutures. Mean operative time was 138 min (range, 107–205), and mean blood loss was 120 ml (range, 30–350). Conversion to open surgery occurred in 26 cases (12%). Mortality rate during the first 30 days was 1%. Anastomotic leaks were observed in 10.5% of the patients. Of these, 61.9% needed reoperation and diverting stoma, and the rest were treated conservatively. Three patients had postoperative bleeding requiring relaparoscopy. Other minor complications (infection and urinary retention) occurred in 9.1% of patients. Mean ambulation time and mean hospital stay were 1.6 days (range, 1–5) and 6.4 days (range, 3–28) , respectively. Patients were followed for a mean period of 57 months. No port site metastases were observed during follow-up. The recurrence rate was 6.8 %. Overall survival rate was 67% after 5 years and 53.5% after 10 years. Conclusion Laparoscopic anterior resection and TME with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer is feasible and safe. The short- and long-term outcomes reported in this series are comparable with those of conventional surgery.