梯度NiCrAlY涂层的1000和1100℃氧化行为研究

采用电弧离子镀技术及后续热处理工艺在镍基高温合金上制备了均匀NiCrAlY涂层和梯度NiCrAlY涂层,分析了2种涂层的组织结构,对比研究了2种涂层静态空气下1000和1100℃恒温氧化行为以及1100℃的循环氧化行为.结果表明:均匀NiCrAlY涂层由γ′/γ相和少量β-NiAl相、α-Cr相组成,成分分布均匀;梯度NiCrAlY涂层具有外层富Al和内层富Cr的结构,其中外层由β-NiAl相和少量γ′/γ相、α-Cr相组成.一方面,梯度涂层的初始Al含量较高;另一方面,氧化过程中其富Cr区两侧出现了对富Al区的Al向基体扩散起阻碍作用的Cr(W)析出带.这两方面使梯度涂层长时间维持更多的Al存储相,提升了氧化膜的迅速生成及再生成能力,从而使涂层具有较好的抗氧化性能.     

(NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY)复合涂层热腐蚀行为的研究

采用电弧离子镀（AIP）技术在镍基单晶高温合金基体上制备了NiCoCrAlYSiB涂层（普通涂层）和（Ni-COCrAlYSiB+AlSiY）复合涂层,研究了高温合金基体与2种涂层分别在900和700℃下的涂盐（Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄和Na₂SO₄+NaCl）热腐蚀行为.结果表明:高温（900℃）热腐蚀条件下,基体合金表面主要生成NiO;普通涂层表面上要生成Cr₂O₃,而且涂层内部出现内氧化和内硫化现象;复合涂层表面主要生成Al₂O₃,外层出现程度较轻的内氧化,涂层表层Al含量仍然较高,维持表面Al₂O₃膜的形成和修复.低温（700℃）热腐蚀条件下,基体合金表面主要生成NiO;普通涂层表面主要生成Cr₂O₃,涂层内部出现严重的内氧化;复合涂层表面也出现了内氧化,高Cr的内层未受腐蚀,有助于提高涂层的抗腐蚀性能.     

(NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY)复合涂层热腐蚀行为的研究

采用电弧离子镀（AIP）技术在镍基单晶高温合金基体上制备了NiCoCrAlYSiB涂层（普通涂层）和（Ni-CoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY）复合涂层,研究了高温合金基体与2种涂层分别在900和700℃下的涂盐（Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄和Na₂SO₄+NaCl）热腐蚀行为.结果表明:高温（900℃）热腐蚀条件下,基体合金表面主要生成NiO;普通涂层表面主要生成Cr₂O₃,而且涂层内部出现内氧化和内硫化现象;复合涂层表面主要生成Al₂O₃,外层出现程度较轻的内氧化,涂层表层Al含量仍然较高,维持表面Al₂O₃膜的形成和修复.低温（700℃）热腐蚀条件下,基体合金表面主要生成NiO;普通涂层表面主要生成Cr₂O₃,涂层内部出现严重的内氧化;复合涂层表面也出现了内氧化,高Cr的内层未受腐蚀,有助于提高涂层的抗腐蚀性能.     

Cr元素含量对镍基合金涂层抗热腐蚀行为的影响

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在20G钢基体表面制备三种铬含量不同的镍基合金涂层.光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等技术对涂层微观组织结构、相组成及成分进行分析.选用摩尔比为7:3的Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄水溶液涂敷刷在涂层表面,分析涂层在650℃下的抗热腐蚀性能.结果表明,涂层的腐蚀动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律;四种涂层表面均形成了致密连续的NiO和Cr₂O₃保护膜.随着铬含量升高,涂层表面氧化膜中Cr₂O₃含量升高,NiO逐渐减少,涂层抗热腐蚀性能明显提高.Ni-30Cr,Ni-45Cr,Ni-50Cr涂层抗热腐蚀性能分别为20G钢基体的10,15和20倍;Ni-50Cr涂层抗腐蚀性能是美国Tafa 45CT材料的1.4倍.     

NiCrAlY/Al-Al2O3/Ti2AlNb高温抗氧化和力学性能研究

采用电弧离子镀技水在NiCrAlY涂层与O相Ti₂AlNb合金之间沉积不同Al:Al₂O₃比例的Al-Al₂O₃薄膜作为扩散阻挡层.研究了900℃下恒温氧化500 h后NiCrAlY/Al-Al₂O₃/Ti₂AlNb体系中Al-Al₂O₃层阻挡合金元素互扩散的行为,以及对涂层氧化动力学曲线的影响.结果表明,没有添加扩散阻挡层的NiCrAlY/Ti₂AlNb体系,涂层和基体之间的元素互扩散十分严重,涂层丧失抗氧化能力;而添加扩散阻挡层的材料体系,涂层和基体之间的元素互扩散受到抑制,涂层的长期抗高温氧化性能得到提高.对于3Al-Al₂O₃,1Al-Al₂O₃和0Al-Al₂O₃ 3种扩散阻挡层,综合比较材料体系的抗氧化性能、阻挡层阻挡涂层和基体元素互扩散能力、以及涂层和基体之间结合力,当1Al-Al₂O₃薄膜作为扩散阻挡层时,材料性能最优异.同时,本文利用扩散阻挡系数简洁定量地表示出不同Al:Al₂O₃比例阻挡层的阻挡扩散能力.     

NaOH对铝合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

在Na₂SiO₃电解液体系下,对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化膜的形成进行研究,通过改变NaOH的含量,研究了其对电解液的电导率、微弧氧化的临界起弧电压、膜层特性及微观形貌的影响。并测定了氧化膜的相组成。结果表明：NaOH含量从1.0 g/L到3.0 g/L变化时,电解液的电导率由14.00 ms/cm几乎呈线性增大到26.28 ms/cm,正向临界起弧电压由360 V呈线性降低下降到290 V;含量从1.0 g/L增大到2.5 g/L时,膜厚从92 μm迅速增加到125 μm。含量超过2.5 g/L,膜厚减小,致密层所占比例下降。XRD分析表明：氧化膜层中主要由莫来石、SiO₂和α-Al₂O₃、γ-Al₂O₃和WO₃相。     

共渗制备NiCrAlY涂层及抗高温腐蚀研究

采用热扩散的方法在高温合金K417G基体上制备了NiCrAlY涂层,经测定,涂层以β–NiAl相为主,Cr以固溶态和AlCr(x)相同时存在。1000和1100℃恒温氧化试验表明,NiCrAlY涂层显著提高了合金的抗氧化性,氧化膜致密稳定的Al2O3为主,300h后氧化膜没有明显的剥落。对基体合金和涂层试样进行了900℃,NaCl/Na2SO4(25:75)融盐环境的热腐蚀试验。结果表明,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜完整,涂层内硫化物含量低,有效提高了抗热腐蚀性能。     

真空热处理对镍基单晶高温合金溅射NiCrAlY涂层抗氧化性能的影响

用磁控溅射法在镍基单晶高温合金基体上沉积NiCrAlY涂层，研究了真空热处理对涂层组织结构及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明，溅射NiCrAlY涂层主要由γ－Ni和β－NiAl两相组成，元素分布均匀；经真空热处理后，涂层主要由γ‘－Ni3Al、β－NiAl相和极少量的α－Al2O3相组成，元素分布变得不均匀，最外层富Al贫Cr。真空热处理可使溅射NiCrAlY涂层表面较早生成保护性能良好的α－Al2O3.1000℃氧化200h，溅射涂层氧化膜有较大部分已经剥落，但真空热处理涂层的氧化膜仍较好地粘附在涂层基体上。真空热处理使溅射NiCrAlY涂层表面生成的氧化膜粘附性更好，提高了溅射NiCrAlY涂层的抗氧化性能。     

镍基单晶高温合金N5及其纳米晶涂层在900℃下O2和O2+20%H2O气氛中的氧化行为

以镍基单晶高温合金N5为基体,采用磁控溅射技术在基体表面沉积与其成分相同的纳米晶涂层,并对比研究合金及其纳米晶涂层在900℃下O₂和O₂+20%(体积分数) H₂O气氛中的氧化行为。结果表明,水蒸气加快了合金和涂层的氧化速率,促进合金表面氧化膜的剥落,并且影响了氧化膜的组成和结构。在O₂和O₂+H₂O环境中,合金表面氧化膜都由外层NiO、中间层NiAl₂O₄和内层Al₂O₃组成;但在O₂+H₂O环境中,合金氧化速率较大,外层氧化膜发生剥落。纳米晶涂层显著提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能,在O₂气氛中表面形成Al₂O₃,而在O₂+H₂O气氛中表面氧化膜主要为NiAl₂O₄。同时,纳米...     

CeO2/ZrO2-Y2O3纳米结构热障涂层的高温稳定性及耐腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂方法（APS）在GH30高温合金表面分别制备了纳米ZrO₂-8%Y₂O₃（YSZ,质量分数）和掺杂25%（质量分数）纳米CeO₂的三元CeO₂/ZrO₂-8%Y₂O₃（CSZ）热障涂层.使用FESEM和XRD分析了涂层的微观组织,研究了CSZ涂层在1100℃加热条件下分别保温不同时间及固定加热时间10 h,改变加热温度时涂层晶粒尺寸的变化情况,测试了2种涂层在高温下的耐Na₂SO₄熔盐腐蚀能力.结果表明,CSZ涂层在高温长时间加热时,平均晶粒尺寸从喷涂态的45 nm增至63 nm,变化较小,在900℃,Na₂SO₄熔盐腐蚀条件下长时间加热无m-ZrO₂相析出,耐蚀性能要高于YSZ涂层.     

Thermal modeling of various thermal barrier coatings in a high heat flux rocket engine

One- and two-dimensional thermal models were developed to predict the thermal response of tubes with and without thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) tested for short durations in a H₂/O₂ rocket engine. Temperatures were predicted using median thermophysical property data for traditional air plasma sprayed ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ TBCs, as well as air plasma sprayed and low pressure plasma sprayed ZrO₂–Y₂O₃/NiCrAlY cermet coatings. Good agreement was observed between predicted and measured metal temperatures. It was also shown that the variation in the reported values of the thermal conductivity of plasma sprayed ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ coatings can result in temperature differences of up to 180°C at the ceramic/metal interface. In contrast, accounting for the presence of the bond coat or radiation from the ceramic layer had only a small effect on substrate temperatures (<20°C). The thermal models were also used to show that for the short duration test conditions of this study, a 100 μm thick ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ coating would provide a metal temperature benefit of approximately 300°C over an uncoated tube while a 200 μm thick coating would provide a benefit greater than 500°C. The difference in the thermal response between tubes and rods was also predicted and used to explain the previously-observed increased life of TBCs on rods over that on tubes.     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔MCrAlY涂层热腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在TiAl合金表面制备了MCrAlY涂层,并用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了TiAl合金、等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层及激光重熔MCrAlY涂层850℃下75%Na₂SO₄+25%NaCl(质量分数)混合盐浸泡热腐蚀性能,分析了不同试样的热腐蚀破坏机理,并讨论了激光重熔处理对涂层热腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层能显著提高TiAl合金的耐热腐蚀性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其耐热腐蚀性能.MCrAlY涂层在高温熔盐中的热腐蚀发生的是表面氧化反应和内部硫化反应,主要生成Al₂O₃,Cr₂O₃,NiO,NiCr₂O₄,Ni₃S₂及CrS等腐蚀产物.     

GH4169表面电火花沉积NiCrAlY涂层的制备

采用电火花沉积技术在GH4169合金上制备不同铝含量的NiCrAlY涂层，通过真空退火处理高铝的NiCrAlY涂层厚度.测试电火花沉积涂层的增重曲线，用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层的组织，用X射线分析仪测试涂层的物相组成，研究退火以及不同涂层的元素含量对NiCrAlY涂层组织的影响规律.结果表明,高铝含量的NiCrAlY涂层存在涂覆极限厚度；退火处理后再次涂覆可进一步增加涂层厚度.在四次涂覆+退火后涂层达到极限厚度，厚度约为45 μm.低铝含量的NiCrAlY涂层没有涂覆到极限厚度.对高铝含量的NiCrAlY涂层XRD结果表明,退火前主要物相为NiAl，退火后出现Ni3Al，涂层可以继续涂覆.低铝的NiCrAlY涂层物相为Ni3Al，没有涂覆极限.和NiAl相比，Ni3Al和GH4169的线膨胀系数接近，使含有Ni3Al相的涂层能够继续涂覆.     

Evaluation of laser-glazed plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings under high temperature exposure to molten salts

Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) systems are frequently used in gas turbine engines to provide thermal insulation to the hot-section metallic components and also to protect them from oxidation, hot corrosion and erosion. Surface sealing treatments, namely laser-glazing, have been showing a high potential for extending in-service lifetimes of these systems by improving chemical and thermo-mechanical resistance. In this investigation, both as-sprayed and laser-glazed TBCs were exposed to hot corrosion in molten salts. The glazed coatings were obtained by scanning the surface of the plasma-sprayed coatings with either a CO₂ or a Nd:YAG laser. The hot corrosion investigation was accomplished by subjecting the specimens to an isothermal air furnace testing under V₂O₅ and/or Na₂SO₄ at a temperature of 1000 °C for 100 h. Spallation has been observed in coatings in the as-sprayed condition under V₂O₅ or V₂O₅ + Na₂SO₄. Na₂SO₄ itself had no or minimal effect on the degradation of the laser-glazed or as-sprayed condition coatings, respectively. The degradation in V₂O₅ was accomplished by destabilization of YSZ as a consequence of depletion of yttria from the solid solution to form YVO₄ and therefore led to the disruptive transformation of the metastable tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase. Moreover, the presence of both corrosive salts induced the formation of large high aspect ratio YVO₄ crystals that introduced additional stresses and contributed to the degradation of the coatings. The laser-glazed specimens were not efficient in avoiding the molten salt penetration along the thickness direction due to the presence of cracks on the glazed layer. However due to a reduced specific surface area of the dense glazed layer, the corrosion reaction of the molten salts with the YSZ has been lower than in coatings in the as-sprayed condition.     

Hot Corrosion Behavior of a Cr-Modified Aluminide Coating on a Ni-Based Superalloy

A Cr-modified aluminide coating is prepared on a Ni-based superalloy using arc ion plating and subsequent pack cementation aluminizing.Hot corrosion behavior of the Cr-modified aluminide coating exposed to molten Na2SO4/K2SO4(3:1) or Na2SO4/NaCl(3:1) salts at 900 °C in static air are evaluated as well as the aluminide coating.The results indicate that compared with the aluminide coating,the anti-corrosion properties of the Cr-modified aluminide coating in the both salts are improved,which should be attributed to the beneficial effect of the Cr in the coating.The corrosion mechanism of the Cr-modified aluminide coating,especially the role of Cr in the mixture salt corrosion,is discussed.