基于CAN总线的轴承疲劳寿命网络监控系统

介绍了基于CAN总线技术的轴承疲劳寿命网络监控系统,给出了系统的组成和结构,并对系统功能及软件实现方法进行了讨论。该系统利用计算机技术和自动检测技术对轴承进行在线监测;通过采集轴承的振动信号和温度信号获得大量数据,利用这些数据采用时域和频域相结合的方法,对轴承进行故障诊断。这种方法在生产现场应用以后,改变了轴承波劳寿命试验以往靠人工察看轴承温度和凭人耳听觉来判断轴承疲劳点出现的试验状况,为轴承生产提供了更加准确的数据,使轴承疲劳寿命试验水平大大提高。     

基于随机振动疲劳分析的动力电池支架改进及轻量化设计

为提高某纯电动轻卡电池支架的疲劳寿命，采用随机振动疲劳分析方法对支架进行分析和轻量化设计，利用有限元软件搭建动力电池支架的随机振动疲劳分析模型，并对比改进前后动力电池支架的疲劳寿命和结构质量。结果显示：在保证动力电池支架结构疲劳寿命的基础上，改进方案的动力电池支架结构质量可减轻约19.5%。试验场强化路试试验验证改进方案的有效性。     

大型金属构件疲劳寿命估算软件设计

运用Matlab图形用户界面（Graphical User Interface，GUI）和程序设计技术编制大型金属构件疲劳寿命估算软件．软件采用模块化设计思想和面向对象的设计工具，可方便、准确地估算大型构件的疲劳寿命；用户界面友好，数据表达具有可视化特点．该软件在对某公司一大型集装箱桥吊金属结构疲劳寿命估算的工程应用中取得较好效果．     

U形波纹管疲劳寿命研究

疲劳寿命是U形波纹管的重要指标.利用传统公式和MSC Fatigue软件对波纹管的应力和寿命进行了计算.经试验验证和分析,认为利用MSC Fatigue软件进行疲劳寿命的方法是可行的,为波纹管的寿命分析提供了新的研究途径.     

随机振动载荷下电子箱PCBA焊点疲劳寿命分析

电子箱在力学载荷环境下,振动引起的高周循环疲劳应力会造成箱体中电路焊点失效,影响电子箱整机可靠性;针对一种印制电路板组件焊点进行整机级振动试验,通过建立电子箱整机有限元模型,进行与试验状态一致的随机振动试验仿真分析,提取焊点上的应力、加速度响应水平;基于Basquin模型,建立了PCBA疲劳寿命预测模型,将几种不同振动载荷下的焊点响应结果代入到预测模型,计算得到电子箱在不同振动载荷下的寿命分析结果,得到电子箱PCBA焊点的应力-寿命（S-N）曲线;结果表明,在工况随机振动条件下电子箱PCBA焊点具有足够可靠性,随着振动激励增大,焊点疲劳寿命显著缩短,该方法可用于电子箱整机级PCBA焊点随机振动疲劳寿命分析。     

PC-PLC控制技术在矿用试验台中的应用

文章提出了将PC-PLC控制技术应用于矿用阀柱试验台电气控制系统中的方案,介绍了该电气控制系统的硬件、软件设计及软件使用方法等。该方案采用PLC实现了手动、自动控制操作的转换、试验过程的自动化数据采集处理,采用组态软件实现了阀柱试验检测数据的自动记录、实时曲线的显示及历史数据的保存。     

基于主S-N曲线法的焊接结构疲劳寿命预测系统开发和关键技术

根据ASME标准的计算公式,开发基于主S-N曲线法的焊接结构疲劳寿命预测软件,其核心是采用网格不敏感结构应力及一条主S-N曲线的方法计算焊接结构的疲劳寿命.系统开发选用面向对象的VC++语言和OpenGL开发库;采用模块化程序设计的思想将系统划分为有限元定义模块、焊缝定义及结构应力计算模块、载荷谱管理及雨流计数模块、主S-N数据管理及疲劳计算模块等4个核心模块;开发专用的接口程序和三维交互界面.该软件系统已在我国轨道交通制造行业中得到良好应用.以某货车车体关键焊缝疲劳寿命计算为典型实例,用软件系统进行车体疲劳寿命评估,计算结果表明该货车焊缝满足设计要求,同时也证明该软件系统的实用性和高效性.     

大功率柴油机连杆疲劳试验和数值模拟

对某型大功率柴油机连杆进行疲劳强度试验,观察连杆断口的微观形貌,分析连杆断裂的主要影响因素.试验结果表明:连杆杆身的残余压应力通常会使疲劳裂纹萌生在构件次表层,具有高平均应力水平的连杆小头对表层夹杂缺陷更加敏感.运用三维有限元数值计算方法和疲劳寿命预测理论,对连杆疲劳耐久性试验进行数值模拟.连杆疲劳试验与虚拟疲劳寿命预估结果的比较表明,基于材料S-N曲线的疲劳寿命预估方法在一定程度上能对疲劳试验中连杆破坏的薄弱部位和疲劳寿命进行模拟与预测.     

基于等效结构应力的铝合金地铁车体疲劳寿命预测

为评估某铝合金地铁车辆的疲劳寿命,采用美国ASME标准中的网格不敏感的主S-N曲线法对该车焊缝进行疲劳寿命预测.用HyperMesh对车体进行有限元建模,并对焊缝处网格细化;用ANSYS计算焊缝处应力;运用自主开发的FE-Weld软件对其进行等效结构应力的计算和疲劳寿命的预测;对疲劳寿命不符合设计要求的结构进行改进和优化,改进后结构的疲劳寿命符合设计要求.网格不敏感的主S-N曲线法具有重要工程应用推广价值.     

智能拉绳疲劳试验机的研制

拉绳自动回收装置被广泛应用于家用电器产品中,为了保证自动回收装置的质量和使用寿命,要求该类产品在出厂前必须做拉绳疲劳试验。这里介绍了基于PLC控制的拉绳疲劳试验机的设计思路和工作原理及该设备的系统组成、软硬件设计方案。其中,硬件部分包括机械结构、气动、控制电路、变频器以及气动执行机构的控制方式等方面的设计。该试验设备可广泛应用于电器产品的拉绳疲劳寿命试验,智能化程度高,通用性较强。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。