皮试法与γ-干扰素ELISA法在奶牛结核病检疫中的对比试验

为制定奶牛结核病净化方案提供参考,通过颈部皮内变态反应(SICT)检测上海某奶牛场的483头奶牛,然后用γ-干扰素ELISA方法检测皮试法阳性牛及与阳性牛密切接触牛共50头。结果发现:颈部皮内变态反应与γ-干扰素ELISA的阳性符合率100%;在变态反应阴性牛中,仍然检出了部分ELISA阳性牛。我们考虑在高风险牛场增加皮内变态反应试验频率,再随之实施抗体检测,会更有利于结核牛场的净化与防制。     

柳州市奶牛结核病流行病学监测分析

本研究依据《动物结核病诊断技术》(GB/T18645—2002),采用牛型结核分枝杆菌PPD皮内变态反应试验对柳州市20日龄以上的存栏奶牛进行结核病检测。2004~2013年累计检测奶牛养殖场431个(次),检测奶牛20223头,阳性牛105头,平均阳性率为0.52%。通过采取长期不间断的监测和淘汰阳性牛等措施,柳州市奶牛养殖场的牛结核病得到了稳定控制和净化。     

浙江省瑞安市奶牛结核病感染情况的调查与分析

采用提纯结核菌素（PPD）皮内注射发生变态反应,用4年时间对瑞安市7013头荷斯坦花奶牛进行结核病检测,判断有无感染。结果共检出结核病阳性牛300头,年平均阳性率为4.28%。同时,通过对阳性奶牛采用严格的处置净化措施,使该市奶牛结核病的阳性率在4年间从7.13%下降至1.40%,呈现出逐年下降的趋势。     

河南省规模奶牛场结核病感染情况调查

为了解河南省奶牛结核病感染情况,2018年以全省规模奶牛场为研究对象,采用估计流行率的抽样策略,开展奶牛结核病检测,并对检测结果进行空间和群间分布分析。全年共对152个监测场点的12417头活牛进行牛型结核菌素皮内变态反应试验。结果显示:全省规模奶牛场结核病场群阳性率为8.55%,个体阳性率为1.36%;豫西地区奶牛结核病个体阳性率最高,达8.91%,豫南地区无阳性活牛检出,其他地区个体阳性率介于0.05%~0.21%之间;存栏量≤100头的规模奶牛场个体阳性率最高,存栏量>2000头的规模奶牛场无阳性检出。结果表明,河南省规模奶牛场存在一定程度的牛结核病感染,豫西地区奶牛场和小规模奶牛场流行情况尤为严重,因此需针对不同区域和不同规模场群,制定相应的防控、净化措施。本研究掌握了河南省奶牛结核病的流行情况和分布特点,对于河南省奶牛结核病净化以及保障公共卫生安全具有重要意义。     

γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法在牛结核病流行病学调查中的应用

[目的 ]了解宁夏贺兰县奶牛结核病的流行情况,为制定宁夏地区牛结核病净化方案提供参考。[方法 ]2015年采用皮内变态反应和γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法,对宁夏贺兰县2个规模化奶牛场开展牛结核病流行病学调查,共检测奶牛2 230头。[结果 ]在2个规模化奶牛场累计检测出皮内变态反应阳性奶牛79头,皮内变态反应和γ-干扰素ELISA双阳性奶牛72头,双阳性率为3.23%(72/2 230)。[结论 ]γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法准确度较高;在对牛群进行结核病检测时,先以皮内变态反应方法筛测,再结合γ-干扰素ELISA检测结果确诊,更有利于牛结核病的检测与净化。     

采取综合措施防治奶牛“二病”

奶牛结核病和布氏杆菌病是人畜共患的传染病。近年来,杭州市对奶牛结核病和布氏杆菌病加强检疫、建立奶牛户口管理制度和建立奶牛结核病隔离饲养场等综合措施,有效地控制了奶牛“二病”的发生,加快了牛群健康化步伐。现全市存栏奶牛14000多头,检出结核病阳性牛110头,阳性率为1％;检出布氏杆菌阳性牛15头,阳性率为1.5％,达到了牛群健康化标准。     

上林县奶水牛结核病检疫报告

按国家规定采用牛型结核分枝杆菌提纯的结核菌素 (PPD)皮内变态反应试验对上林县某奶牛场水奶牛进行结核病检疫 ,被检奶水牛 46头 ,检出结核病阳性奶水牛 3头。文章分析了结核病阳性牛发生原因并提出净化奶水牛结核病的措施。     

共和县恰卜恰镇奶牛结核病感染情况调查

在被检的934头奶牛中,初检检出阳性结核病牛8头,可疑牛5头,对可疑牛复检后,检出阳性牛1头,共检出阳性牛9头,阳性率为0．96％（9／934）：阳性牛中黑白花奶牛7头,阳性率为1．17％（7／599）,当地黄牛2头,阳性率为0．60％（2／335）;从检测结果看,恰卜恰镇黑白花奶牛的阳性率;比当地黄牛的阳性率高,差异性极显著（P〈0．01）,说明黑白花奶牛对结核病的抵抗力比当地黄牛相对较差。     

奉贤地区奶牛PPD复检结果的探讨

我们对2007－2012年（2009年未统计）奉贤地区19家规模化奶牛场进行结核病检测，结果显示：几年来共检测奶牛结核病93179头次，其中检出阳性牛86头、可疑牛1774头，经两次复检判定为阳性的有30头，占所有可疑牛的1．7％，其转为阴性率相当高。因此应重视奶牛复检工作，分析原因，减少误判率。     

一起奶牛结核病检疫阳性的处理

文章旨在通过介绍一起奶牛养殖场在结核病检疫中,用皮内变态反应试验对261头奶牛进行检测,检测出3头阳性牛,并对其进行无害化处理,采取综合防制措施,净化奶牛场结核病,提高养殖效益。     

新疆库尔勒市某奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎情况调查

为了检测和调查新疆库尔勒市某奶牛场泌乳奶牛乳房炎的发病率,对该奶牛场养殖的32头泌乳期奶牛用凝乳法进行了隐性乳房炎检测。结果表明,隐性乳房炎奶牛阳性率为40.63%,且乳房炎阳性率随奶牛使用年限的增加而增加;用挤奶机器挤奶的奶牛乳房炎阳性率高于手工挤奶,后乳区的乳房炎阳性率高于前乳区。     

北流市(县)奶牛结核病流行病学调查研究

为预防、控制和净化北流市奶牛结核病,采用提纯牛型结核菌素(PPD)皮内变态反应诊断,开展奶牛结核病流行学调查。结果表明,厩棚阴暗潮湿、通风不良,无露天运动场,长期圈养,久而容易引起机体抵抗力降低,诱发奶牛结核病,11个奶牛养殖户中,有6户因如此环境饲养被检测有结核阳性牛共14头;4个奶水牛养殖户共奶水牛360头无一感染结核病,表明奶水牛更能适应北流市自然环境和对结核病不易感。     

An epizootic of bovine tuberculosis in Barbados, West Indies.

A 57 cow dairy herd, believed to be in excellent condition and producing well, was found to contain 30 tuberculous cattle after cervical skin testing employing bovine PPD tuberculin with the single intradermal comparative test. Testing was initiated after two cows from this herd were found at meat inspection to have tuberculosis. The reliability of bovine PPD tuberculin for testing as well as significant epidemiological, laboratory and meat inspection factors are presented.     

γ-干扰素释放法检测奶牛结核病的比较试验

目的：评价γ-干扰素释放试验（IGRA）牛结核病检疫过程中的效果。方法在牛结核病检疫过程中对皮试初筛为结核病和疑似结核病的89（74/15）头奶牛同时进行r干扰素试验、单纯颈部皮试变态反应（SCT）和比较皮试变态反应（CCT）检测,结果单纯颈部皮试变态反应二次检疫中89头牛均判为阳性,单纯颈部皮试变态反应与比较皮试变态反应的阳性符合数为67头。阳性符合率为75.3％;γ-干扰素释放试验和单纯颈部皮试变态反应检测两者的阳性符合数为64头,阳性符合率为71.9％;γ-干扰素释放试验与比较皮试变态反应的阳性符合数为58头,阳性符合率为79.5％。阴性符合数为16头,阴性符合率为48.4％;结论γ-干扰素释放试验在保持较高灵敏度的同时,具有比变态反应更好的特异性。     

贵州奶牛传染病检测和预防的研究

2006—2008年对贵州省内610份奶牛血清进行检测,其中有116份血清为乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性,平均阳性率19%;534份牛血清样品中,检出奶牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性血清29份,阳性率为5.4%,而运用血清补体结合反应(CFT)检测奶牛传染性胸膜肺炎,均为阴性。将HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性奶牛肝组织做电镜观察,发现肝组织中有密集的HBV颗粒。结果表明,贵州省奶牛可能存在乙型肝炎、传染性鼻气管炎的感染,应当引起奶牛养殖者的高度重视。     

Evaluation of highly sensitive indigenous milk ELISA kit with fecal culture, milk culture and fecal-PCR for the diagnosis of bovine Johne's disease (BJD) in India

Country lacks indigenous diagnostic kits against Johne's disease in animals. Indigenous ELISA and IS 900 PCR kits, originally developed for goats and sheep, have been adapted for screening of lactating cows. Multiple diagnostic tests were used to screen 26 lactating dairy cows against Johne's disease. Milk ELISA was evaluated with fecal culture, milk culture and fecal PCR. Of the 26 samples from lactating cows, 84.6, 96.1, 88.4 and 23.0% were positive in fecal culture, milk culture, m-ELISA and m-PCR, respectively. Comparatively milk sediment and milk fat culture detected 84.6 and 76.9% cows positive, respectively. Comparatively fecal culture and milk culture detected 84.6 and 96.1% cows positive, respectively. M-ELISA detected 11.5, 0.0, 11.5, 61.0 and 15.3%, cows as negative, suspected, low positive, positive and strong positive, respectively. There was good correlation between milk and fecal culture with m-ELISA. Three negative cows in m-ELISA were also detected in milk and fecal culture. Of the 26 decontaminated fecal samples, 23.0% cows were positive using specific IS 900 f-PCR. Comparative evaluation of m-ELISA with fecal and milk culture showed agreement in 80.7 and 84.6% cows, respectively. Sensitivity of m-ELISA with respect to fecal and culture was 90.9 and 95.6%, respectively. Comparative evaluation of four tests (milk culture, fecal culture, m-ELISA and f-PCR) showed that only 15.3% cows were detected in all the four tests. In three tests (fecal and milk culture and m-ELISA), 57.6% cows were detected positive. None of the cow was exclusively detected in f-PCR. Of the four diagnostic tests used milk culture was most sensitive (96.15%), followed by fecal culture (86.6%), m-ELISA (76.9%) and IS 900 PCR (23.0%) for the diagnosis of bovine Johne's disease (BJD). Milk ELISA detected only one cow extra, which was negative in milk culture. In view of the simplicity, rapidity and efficacy present milk ELISA kit employing soluble protoplasmic antigen from native Map 'Bison type' genotype of goat origin can be reliable for screening of bovine population against Johne's disease in India.     

Bovine tuberculosis and udder health in Irish dairy herds

The association between bovine tuberculosis (TB) infection status based on results from the single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) and milk production has been described in dairy cows in TB-infected herds in Ireland. The biological basis was uncertain, but could be related to increased TB susceptibility among lower producing dairy cows. In this study, the relationship between somatic cell count (as an objective measure of udder health) and SICTT reactivity (as a proxy for TB infection status) was investigated. Somatic cell counts of TB infected cows, both during and prior to the lactation of diagnosis of TB infection, were examined and compared to non-infected cows. All Irish dairy herds restricted from trading between June 2004 and May 2005 as a result of two or more TB reactors (test positive) to the SICTT were considered for study. Data were collected on 4340 cows from 419 herds. Previous lactation data for the cows were taken into consideration and all lactations on a cow were analysed together with the years of lactations. There was an inherent hierarchical structure in the data, with lactations nested within cows and cows within herds and so a linear mixed model with two random effects was used to describe the data. Milk production (305-day milk yield) was also included in the model as a fixed effect. The results of the study showed that for all lactations and years under investigation, somatic cell counts for SICTT reactor cows when compared to the non-reactor cows were not significantly different. In this study population, TB infection status was not associated with udder health.     

张家口地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎的流行特点

在春夏秋冬四个不同的季节采集张家口地区奶牛的奶样,通过CMT法检测奶牛隐性乳腺炎的发病率。结果个体阳性平均率为52.3%,阳性乳区平均率为19.2%,奶牛隐性乳腺炎的发病率与季节没有明显的相关性、与胎次呈正相关,后乳区的阳性率明显高于前乳区。     

四种牛分枝杆菌特异性蛋白融合表达及在牛结核病诊断中的临床应用

以原核表达的MPB70-MPB83-CFP10-ESAT-6融合蛋白作为诊断抗原,建立牛结核病抗体检测间接ELISA(iELISA)。该iELISA与导致常见牛病的非相关抗原无交叉反应。用iELISA检测90份健康牛血清,确定样本阴阳性临界值(S/P)为0.17。与商品化胶体金试剂条(ICG)平行检测150份临床奶牛血清样本,结果与ICG的符合率为93.33%(140/150)。以结核菌素皮内试验(TST)为参考方法,检测了华中地区四个奶牛场的560头中国荷斯坦奶牛和90份进口奶牛结核阴性血清,结果iELISA与TST的总符合率为87.32%(489/560)。对其中22头奶牛进行鼻拭子分菌检验,4头分菌阳性奶牛的血清抗体检测也为阳性,iELISA与细菌培养的总符合率为77.27%(17/22)。以TST为参考方法,iELISA的敏感性和特异性分别为72.37%和89.67%。     

二种牛型提纯结核菌素变态反应试验结果比较

为了解不同厂家生产的牛型提纯结核菌素（PPD）对奶牛结核病检疫皮内变态反应试验结果的影响,随机选取二个不同规模奶牛场的100头青年母牛,分别采用国产和荷兰产PPD诊断液2000IU和3000IU的剂量,在每头参试牛的左右侧颈部同时进行皮内变态反应试验,并对判定结果进行比较;同时对所有阳性牛肺门淋巴结样品应用细菌培养的方法进行复核。结果显示：二种PPD诊断液均存在非特异性反应,但国产PPD的非特异性反应显著大于荷兰产PPD（P〈O．01）。