基于振动信号和瞬时转速信号的HCCI燃烧相位CA10辨识

为了实现基于循环的HCCI燃烧闭环控制,提出了一种基于爆震传感器信号和瞬时转速信号的CA10(缸内燃料燃烧10%累积放热量时的曲轴转角θ10)辨识模型.在装有全可变气门系统的汽油HCCI发动机上,测取HCCI发动机各工况下爆震传感器信号和瞬时转速信号,用时频分析方法从爆震传感器信号及瞬时转速中提取表征振动信号相位信息的特征量和瞬时转速信号特征量,分析了它们和HCCI燃烧相位θ10之间关系,提出了一种计算简单,以爆震传感器和瞬时转速信号特征量为因变量的CA10辨识模型.分析表明,CA10辨识模型能比较准确地识别HCCI燃烧相位的θ10值,对于HCCI动态过程燃烧相位θ10的预测平均误差小于1.7,°CA.     

多缸汽油HCCI发动机燃烧循环变动的研究

在均质混合气压燃(HCCI)发动机研发中多缸不均匀性是一个重要的问题.通过在缸内直喷汽油机(GDI)上采用两次燃油喷射和可变配气技术来控制缸内混合气形成和燃烧,实现了SI/HCCI复合燃烧方式,研究了汽油HCCI发动机在不同燃烧模式下的多缸燃烧循环波动特性.研究结果表明:在汽油机中低负荷典型工况下,HCCI燃烧pi的缸内循环波动率小于2%,缸间循环波动率小于3%;HCCI发动机缸间循环波动主要受进气量的影响,与SI燃烧模式相比,采用稀燃模式的汽油HCCI燃烧缸间循环波动较小,HCCI燃烧的压力升高率和最高燃烧压力的循环波动率较小.     

甲醇/乙醇/汽油HCCI燃烧和排放特性对比

在Ricardo单缸四冲程汽油机上采用内部废气再循环策略,实现了汽油、乙醇和甲醇的HCCI燃烧,并对比了这3种燃料HCCI的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明:在HCCI燃烧模式下,醇类燃料与汽油相比有更多的燃料参与了低温反应,有利于化学动力学反应的进行,因此醇类燃料提前着火时刻,缩短燃烧持续期,降低发动机的燃烧温度;在相同的发动机转速和空燃比条件下,醇类燃料可以极大地降低发动机的NOx排放,特别是甲醇的NOx排放最低可达2×10-6;并且醇类燃料更有利于稀燃,适用于中高速的发动机工况。     

不同燃烧模式的爆震特性及爆震强度评价方法

基于一台配备了全可变气门机构的单缸四冲程发动机开展了不同燃烧模式的燃烧和压力震荡特性研究,包括均质充量压燃(homogeneous charge compression ignition,HCCI)、汽油压燃(gasoline compression ignition,GCI)、湍流射流点火(turbulent jet ignition,TJI)和火花点火(spark ignition,SI)。研究结果表明:不同燃烧模式具有不同的统计学特征,其中HCCI、GCI和TJI的爆震强度分布较为集中,不易出现偶发的高爆震强度的燃烧循环;SI爆震的分布较为离散,通常具有较高的最大值和99%分位数,高爆震强度燃烧循环的偶发性较强;而低速早燃工况则是具有极高的爆震强度最大值和很低的99%分位数。此外,对于爆震工况的评价方面,对传统的算数平均值法和爆震循环占有率法进行了改进,提出了加权平均值法和破坏性循环均值法两种改进的爆震评价方法。二者在HCCI、GCI、TJI和SI爆震判定的准确性和适应性上相比改进前有了很大的提升;但对于低速早燃工况,破坏性循环均值法无法准确识别出其破坏性,加权平均值法具有非常好的准确性。     

过量空气系数对HCCI汽油机燃烧特性的影响

在一台Ricardo Hydra单缸四气门汽油机上,利用气门重叠负角方法实现了均质充量压缩着火(HCCI)燃烧,并通过试验研究了过量空气系数对HCCI汽油机燃烧特性的影响.研究结果表明,在相同的转速和气门相位角下,随着过量空气系数的增加,平均指示压力减小,缸内残余废气率也减小,但燃油消耗率的变化趋势与转速有关.在大多数工况下,过量空气系数为1.05时,HCCI发动机的着火时刻最早,燃烧持续期最短.过量空气系数对循环波动的影响与转速和气门相位角有关.随着转速的增加,循环波动增大.     

离子电流法爆震强度信号的评价分析

提供了一种无需使用传感器即可实现汽油发动机爆震测量的离子电流法。通过在火花塞电极两端加偏置电压的方法,在DA462－A型4缸汽油机的台架试验中,成功地检测出汽油机在不同爆震强度时的离子电汉信号,并根据离子电汉信号的特征选用了4种爆震强度评价指标,经分析计算表明各工况爆震强度的合理递进顺序,由此证明了火花塞离子电流爆震信号可以用于爆震强度的评价分析,作为汽油机爆震电控的反馈信号。     

在汽油机上实施HCCI的技术策略

均质混合气压燃(HCCI)燃烧方式，是一种克服常规柴油机和汽油机缺点、集常规汽油机和柴油机优点于一体的新概念燃烧。本文分析了汽油机实施HCCI的可行性，介绍了HCCI发动机实用化所面临的问题，提出了双工作模式的折衷方案：在中低负荷工况实施HCCI，而在大负荷工况和冷起动工况恢复常规发动机工作方式。推荐可变压缩比(VCR)方案、可变废气再循环率(EGR)方案、可变排气门关闭时刻方案，以及废气再循环滚流分层充气方案等。为尽快在汽油机上实施HCCI燃烧方式指出了技术方向。     

HCCI甲醇发动机的燃烧与排放特性

在Ricardo Hydra单缸四冲程发动机上利用内部废气再循环策略实现了甲醇燃料的HCCI燃烧.通过调整HCCI发动机的过量空气系数和转速,研究了HCCI甲醇发动机的燃烧和排放特性.结果表明,甲醇燃料的HCCI燃烧不同于普通汽油,其着火更早、燃烧更快,但在低转速时,平均指示压力相对较低.甲醇燃料可以在更稀的混合气条件下实现HCCI燃烧.在相同的转速和过量空气系数下,甲醇燃料的NOx和HC排放低于汽油.     

汽油机均质混合气压燃燃烧(HCCI)技术

在汽油机普遍采用电控技术,发动机性能得到较大改善的今天,稀薄燃烧技术为汽油机性能的提高提供了广阔的前景.而HCCI燃烧技术,是一种集常规汽油机和柴油机于一体的新概念燃烧.本文在介绍HCCI燃烧技术的基础上,分析了汽油机实施HCCI的可行性,并介绍了HCCI发动机实用化所面临的问题,提出了废气再循控制HCCI燃烧过程的方案等.     

二甲醚发动机采用PCCI-DI燃烧方式的研究

开展了DME PCCI-DI发动机燃烧和排放特性的试验研究,并与DME HCCI发动机的性能进行了对比.结果表明:DME PCCI-DI发动机的输出功率在一定程度仍然受到均质浓混合气燃烧爆震的限制,但发动机的功率输出较DME HCCI发动机有较大的提高.HCCI发动机的Nox的排放能维持在非常低的水平,但其HC和CO排放远高于DME PCCI-DI发动机,且其只能在很窄的范围内工作.由于DME PCCI-DI发动机具有一定的预混燃烧量,从而使扩散燃烧速率加快,是一种具有最高爆发压力较小、压力升高率较低以及低燃烧噪声的一种燃烧模式.在目前HCCI发动机没有完全成熟的条件下,PCCI-DI模式是兼顾HCCI燃烧优点,拓宽HCCI发动机运转范围的较为合理的一种燃烧模式.     

多缸HCCI汽油机SIAI/AI燃烧模式切换的试验

HCCI/SI复合燃烧模式是HCCI汽油发动机实用化的运行策略.但不同的空燃比和内部EGR率的需求给HCCI/SI模式切换带来了极大控制难度;同时由于HCCI负荷范围窄,使得燃烧模式切换频率过高,降低了发动机运行稳定性.在一台具备错位双凸轮机构的多缸汽油机上实现了火花点火激发混合气自燃着火(SIAI)燃烧方式,扩展了压燃模式下的负荷范围,研究了SIAI/SI燃烧模式的切换.结果表明,采用压缩冲程燃油喷射配合火花点火策略能够有效地避免燃烧模式切换中的失火现象,提高模式切换的稳定性;同时采用SIAI燃烧方式扩展内部EGR条件下的负荷范围,可以有效地减小模式切换频率.     

二甲基醚/天然气双燃料均质压燃的燃烧特性

应用零维热力学模型和化学反应动力学模型计算并分析了二甲基醚(DME)／天然气(CNG)双燃料均质压燃(HCCI)运行工况范围，计算与试验结果相吻合．采用DME／CNG双燃料方式可以有效地扩展HCCI的运行工况范围，发动机转速为1400r／min，最大平均有效压力可达O．52MPa．在一台单缸直喷式柴油机上进行了DME／CNG双燃料HCCI燃烧过程的试验研究，结果表明，DME／CNG双燃料燃烧过程表现出明显的两阶段放热过程，随着CNG浓度增大，缸内最大爆发压力增大，燃烧始点略有推迟，燃烧第二放热峰值增大．而DME浓度对燃烧过程的影响主要通过影响第一阶段放热过程，进而影响第二阶段放热，随着DME浓度加大，第一放热峰值增大，燃烧始点提前，导致第二放热峰值增大，缸内最大爆发压力增大，主燃期缩短，当DME浓度太高时，发动机将出现爆震．     

A simulation of the combustion of hydrogen in HCCI engines using a 3D model with detailed chemical kinetics

The influence of changes in the swirl velocity of the intake mixture on the combustion processes within a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine fueled with hydrogen were investigated analytically. A turbulent transient 3D predictive computational model which was developed and applied to the HCCI engine combustion system, incorporated detailed chemical kinetics for the oxidation of hydrogen. The effects of changes in the initial intake swirl, temperature and pressure, engine speed and compression and equivalence ratios on the combustion characteristics of a hydrogen fuelled HCCI engine were also examined. It is shown that an increase in the initial flow swirl ratio or speed lengthens the delay period for autoignition and extends the combustion period while reducing NO_x emissions. There are optimum values of the initial swirl ratio and engine speed for a certain mixture intake temperature, pressure, compression and equivalence ratios operational conditions that can achieve high thermal efficiencies and low NO_x emissions while reducing the tendency to knock     

Control of peak pressures of an HCCI engine under varying swirl and operating parameters

The major advantages of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) are high efficiency in combination with low NO _x -emissions. However, one of the major challenges with HCCI is the control of higher peak pressures which may damage the engine, limiting the HCCI engine life period. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze computationally the effect of induction swirl in controlling the peak pressures of an HCCI engine under various operating parameters. A single cylinder 1.6 L reentrant piston bowl diesel engine is chosen. For computational analysis, the ECFM-3Z model of STAR–CD is considered because it is suitable for analyzing the combustion processes in SI and CI engines. As an HCCI engine is a hybrid version of SI and CI engines, the ECFM- 3Z model with necessary modifications is used to analyze the peak pressures inside the combustion chamber. The ECFM-3Z model for HCCI mode of combustion is validated with the existing literature to make sure that the results obtained are accurate. Numerical experiments are performed to study the effect of varying properties like speed of the engine, piston bowl geometry, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and equivalence ratio under different swirl ratios in controlling the peak pressures inside the combustion chamber. The results show that the swirl ratio has a considerable impact on controlling the peak pressures of HCCI engine. A reduction in peak pressures are observed with a swirl ratio of 4 because of reduced in cylinder temperatures. The combined effect of four operating parameters, i.e., the speed of the engine, piston bowl geometry, EGR, and equivalence ratio with swirl ratios suggest that lower intake temperatures, reentrant piston bowl, higher engine speeds and higher swirl ratios are favorable in controlling the peak pressures.     

Characterization of ringing intensity in a hydrogen-fueled HCCI engine

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising alternative combustion strategy having higher thermal efficiency while maintaining the NO_x and soot emissions below the current emissions mandates. The HCCI combustion engine has typically lower operating load range in comparison to conventional engines. The HCCI combustion is constrained by various operational limits such as combustion instability limit, combustion noise limits, emission limits and peak cylinder pressure limit. High load limit of HCCI combustion is typically limited by very high heat release rate, which leads to ringing operation. Intense ringing operation leads to very high combustion noise, and heavy ringing operation can also damage the engine parts. Thus, it is important to investigate the characteristics of ringing intensity (RI) in HCCI engine. Hydrogen fueled HCCI engine combines the potential advantages of alternative fuel as well as the alternative combustion strategy. This study presents the RI characterization and prediction using chemical kinetics and artificial neural network (ANN) for hydrogen-HCCI operation. In the first part of the study, the effect of equivalence ratio (φ), inlet temperature (T_ivc), and engine speed on ringing intensity is investigated using chemical kinetics model. Based on ringing operation characteristics of hydrogen HCCI engine, ANN model is used to predict the ringing intensity (RI) for different engine operating conditions (i.e., φ T_ivc, engine speed) and different combustion parameters. The result indicates that RI increases with advanced combustion phasing (CA₅₀), higher inlet temperature, and equivalence ratio. To control the ringing operation, the CA₅₀ position needs to be retarded by optimizing the T_ivc and φ. Maximum engine operating range is found for lower engine speed (i.e., 1000 rpm) and reduces with increase in the engine speed. The results showed that the RI is strongly correlated to the CA₅₀ position with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 at constant inlet temperature. The ANN results also show that ANN model predicts RI with sufficient accuracy. The ANN model predicts RI with engine operating conditions as well as combustion parameters with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 and 0.95 respectively.     

DME/LPG燃料比例实时优化的HCCI燃烧控制新方法

根据燃料设计的思想，提出了混合燃料比例实时优化的HCCI燃烧控制新方法。在一台2135柴油机上，通过燃料成分设计（DME／LPG混合燃料）、混合气成分设计（进气添加二氧化碳）、发动机参数调整（改变压缩比）等多种模式对二甲醚HCCI燃烧进行了研究和比较。试验结果表明，在不同工况下实时进行DME／LPG比例优化，通过改变燃料的理化特性和可燃混合气的成分，实现了HCCI着火与燃烧的有效控制，能够显著拓展二甲醚HCCI燃烧的运行负荷范围，并且各个工况下热效率最高、HC和CO排放最低。