Operative treatment of hip fractures in patients receiving hemodialysis

Fifteen hips in 13 patients with hip fracture were treated in patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. There were four intertrochanteric and 11 femoral neck fractures. 10 of the 11 femoral neck fractures and one of the four intertrochanteric fractures were treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Two intertrochanteric fractures fixed with sliding compression screws. External fixation was used for stabilization in two patients who had femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Two intertrochanteric fractures that were treated with sliding hip screw showed radiological union postoperatively at the 6th month. Of the 11 hemiarthroplasty, four hips developed aseptic loosening (36%). According to Harris hip score grading system, three (37.5%) poor, two (25%) fair, two (25%) good and one (12.5%) case had excellent outcome in the hemiarthroplasty group. The survival of dialysis patients with a hip fracture is markedly reduced. Initial treatment of hemiarthroplasty allows early mobilization and prevents revision surgery.     

老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的手术治疗

目的探讨老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的围手术期治疗方法及短期疗效。方法自2006-01—2012-01共收治11例65岁以上髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者,3例股骨粗隆间骨折行闭合复位PFNA内固定术,8例股骨颈骨折均行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术。总结此类患者围手术期治疗方法,并报道短期随访临床结果。结果 5例在院期间出现并发症。1例股骨颈骨折患者在术后12 d死亡,2例股骨粗隆间骨折内固定患者于术后7、9个月死于心血管意外,其余8例基本恢复术前的活动能力。术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分：股骨粗隆间骨折平均61.7（49~74）分,股骨颈骨折平均82.6（69~92）分。术后6个月X线片显示3例股骨粗隆间骨折均愈合,至末次随访时7例股骨颈骨折患者X线片未发现股骨假体松动。结论老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的围手术期评估非常重要,合理的围手术期处理及合适的手术方式选择能明显提高此类患者围手术期的安全性及术后临床疗效。     

髋关节成形术治疗血液透析患者髋部骨折的短期疗效

目的探讨髋关节成形术治疗血液透析患者髋部骨折的短期疗效.方法 回顾性总结采用全髋或者半髋置换术治疗血液透析后髋部骨折的患者18例,男11例,女7例;平均年龄74岁（47～90岁）.所有患者均为诊断为慢性肾衰竭、慢性肾脏病（CKD）Ⅴ期,术前平均接受血液透析治疗的时间为4.2年（6个月～8年）.其中股骨颈骨折患者13例,股骨转子间骨折5例.根据骨折类型及采用的手术方式,将患者分为3组：A组6例股骨颈骨折患者,采用全髋关节置换术;B组7例股骨颈骨折患者,采用人工股骨头置换术;C组5例股骨转子间骨折患者,采用股骨头置换术.结果 13例患者获得随访,平均随访时间4年（1～7.3年）,术后Harris评分平均（81.0±8.4）分,优3髋、良4髋,疼痛评分平均（42.0±1.8）分.术后出现的并发症有：4例术后血肿;1例皮肤浅部感染;泌尿系感染3例,肺部感染4例;4例患者在围手术期死亡.患者的Harris评分与年龄有关.结论 采用髋关节成形术治疗血液透析患者髋部骨折能尽早让患者下地活动,避免长期卧床或者坐轮椅带来的各种并发症,有效的提高了患者的生活质量.     

Femoral neck fracture in end-stage renal disease treated with osteosynthesis

BackgroundTreatment of femoral neck fracture is well documented in the literature. Femoral neck fractures in patients aged < 65 years are generally treated using closed reduction and internal fixation, while hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice for patients > 65 years. In specific populations, such as patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), this protocol is usually observed. However, unsatisfactory results and a large number of complications have been reported. It is questionable whether this protocol is the appropriate treatment and it may require modification for use in ESRD patients.Materials and methodsThe results of this study are in regard to the treatment of a consecutive series of 20 patients with femoral neck fractures and ESRD over a 7-year period. All of the patients were treated using closed reduction and internal fixation.ResultsEight of 13 (61.5%) patients developed nonunion (of which 5 were classified as displaced fractures). Six of these eight patients were subsequently treated with hemiarthroplasty (75%). Five of these 13 patients(38.4%) achieved union; all of these were classified as nondisplaced fractures. In patients < 70 years, five of 11 patients demonstrated nonunion (45.5%), of which all were classified as displaced fractures. The mortality rate of this series was 33.3% (5 of 15 patients).ConclusionWe determined that a femoral neck fracture in an ESRD patient is a unique case and should be treated differently from general treatment protocols. It is suggested that regardless of patient age,nondisplaced fractures should be treated with osteosynthesis, while hemiarthroplasty is a better treatment for displaced fractures.     

Failure of internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures in rheumatoid patients

We reviewed the records and radiographs from 10 hospitals to identify 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had sustained 52 femoral neck fractures. Most patients were female (88%), elderly (mean age 66 years) and had had severe polyarticular disease for a mean duration of 16 years. Over half had taken systemic corticosteroids, nearly all were severely osteopenic but few had rheumatoid changes in the hip. Of the 20 fractures treated by internal fixation 12 had complications including nonunion (5), osteonecrosis (5), infection (1), and intertrochanteric fracture (1). Only one of the nine undisplaced fractures required reoperation, but seven of the 11 displaced fractures had revision surgery. Twenty fractures were treated by primary total hip arthroplasty with only one early complication. The other 12 fractures had been treated by hemiarthroplasty (9), hip excision (1) or non-operatively (2). Our results suggest that, in elderly rheumatoid patients, severely displaced femoral neck fractures should be treated by total hip replacement.     

Surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures with associated femoral neck fractures using a sliding hip screw

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report the results of surgical treatment of a subset of intertrochanteric fractures with posteromedial comminution and extension of the fracture line into the femoral neck using a sliding hip screw. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Level I county trauma center. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine fractures (8%) with this pattern were identified from 381 intertrochanteric hip fractures treated at a single institution over a 10-year period. Nine patients were excluded (2 died, 7 had incomplete radiographic follow-up), leaving 20 patients for assessment. INTERVENTION: All fractures were treated with a sliding hip screw. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Radiographs at a mean follow-up of 17 months were recorded as demonstrating: 1) fixation failure; 2) fracture union; or 3) fracture nonunion. The tip-apex distance, amount of lag screw collapse, screw position in the femoral head, and adequacy of reduction were determined. RESULTS: Treatment failed according to these radiographic measures in 5 of 20 (25%) fractures. Failures included fracture nonunion (1 case), lag screw cutout (2 cases), and combined nonunion/lag screw cutout (2 cases). All 5 failures had complete collapse of the lag screw, whereas 4 of the 15 successfully treated fractures had complete collapse. The amount of collapse was significantly greater for the treatment failures (mean, 38 mm) than in the successfully treated hips (mean, 20 mm). There was no significant association between treatment success or failure and tip-apex distance, lag screw position, and adequacy of reduction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that intertrochanteric hip fractures with associated femoral neck fractures should not be managed with a standard sliding hip screw.     

Results of repositioning osteotomies in delayed healing or pseudarthrosis of the proximal femur]

The results after valgus osteotomy for delayed or nonunion in 20 patients with femoral neck fractures (9 Pauwels type II and 11 type III) and 10 intertrochanteric fractures are reported. The mean age of the patients at presentation with delayed/nonunion of femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures was 37.5 and 60 years, respectively. The average interval between injury and valgus osteotomy in the first and second group was 8 and 13 months, respectively. The average size of the preoperatively determined and intraoperatively removed wedge was 30 degrees in both groups. The results of the two fracture groups were analyzed separately. All but one osteotomy in a patient with a nonunion of a femoral neck fracture consolidated without complications. This case developed a nonunion at the osteotomy and required additional surgery consisting of bone graft and refixation to heal. Of the femoral neck delayed/nonunion cases, 15 (75%) healed immediately following valgus osteotomy. In the intertrochanteric delayed/nonunion patients, valgus osteotomy led directly to bone consolidation in 6 (60%). In each fracture group 3 additional cases healed following reoperation for a total consolidation rate of 90%. In the femoral neck group one union was complicated by infection, resulting in ankylosis of the hip and 3.5 years later another patient with a revascularized femoral head required total hip arthroplasty because of a large, loose osteochondral fragment. In two cases union of the former femoral neck fracture could not be achieved. Partial avascular necrosis determined the course and total hip arthroplasty was required for both cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of renal function on surgical outcomes of intracapsular hip fractures with osteosynthesis

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects many physiologic systems, including bone quality, nutrition, and cardiovascular condition. Femoral neck fractures in patients on dialysis are associated with frequent complications and a high risk of mortality. However, the effect of CKD on clinical outcomes of patients with hip fractures treated with osteosynthesis remains unclear.

Methods

One hundred and thirty patients with 130 femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation were divided into two groups and the data were then analyzed. Group 1 consisted of 98 patients (98 hip fractures) with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, or eGFR, ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m²). Group 2 was composed of 32 patients (32 hip fractures) with CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m²) without dialysis. Clinical outcomes as well as early and late complications were recorded for each group. Survivorship analysis was performed, and the mortality and complication rates for the groups were then compared.

Results

In Group 1, 32 complications (32.6 %) occurred in 98 hips, including 5 cases of nonunion and 16 cases of osteonecrosis. In Group 2, 24 complications (75 %) developed in 32 hips; these included 8 cases of nonunion and 3 cases of osteonecrosis. The mean duration of follow-up was 32 months. The overall mortality rate was 11.5 %. No difference was noted in early, late, or overall mortality rate between two groups. Patient with CKD had a higher nonunion rate (OR = 5.9, P = 0.023). Meanwhile, CKD and displaced fracture pattern were independent predictors for revision surgery (OR = 3.0, P = 0.032; OR = 6.9, P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Osteosynthesis is a safe and effective treatment for femoral neck fractures; however, patients with femoral neck fracture and CKD have a higher risk of nonunion and subsequent surgical revision.

Level of relevance

Prognostic studies, Level III.     

Intracapsular hip fractures in end-stage renal failure

Patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) have metabolic bone disease. This increases the risk of femoral neck fracture and increases the risk of complications associated with fracture fixation such as non-union and avascular necrosis (AVN). We report the results of treatment in a consecutive series of 15 intracapsular fractures of the hip occurring in 13 patients with ESRF over a 5-year period. Six intracapsular hip fractures (of which five were undisplaced) were treated by internal fixation. Five out of these six (mean=83.3%) required conversion to total hip arthroplasty because of non-union or AVN. In all six of these patients, internal fixation was considered adequate post operatively. Of the remaining nine intracapsular hip fractures treated by hemiarthroplasty, only one required conversion to total hip arthroplasty because of stem subsidence (mean=11%). The difference in the revision rate for the two groups i.e. primary fixation versus primary hemiarthroplasty was statistically significant (p-value=0.01). The six patients with undisplaced intracapsular fractures treated by internal fixation required a total of 14 major operations, at an average rate (including initial fracture fixation and revision surgery) of 2.3 per patient. The 9 displaced fractures treated by hemiarthroplasty required just 10 operations in total, at an average rate of 1.1 per patient. (The difference was significant; p-value=0.006.) The 1-year mortality in the whole group (13 patients with 15 fractures) was 44.4%. We suggest that patients with ESRF with an intracapsular fracture of the neck of femur should be treated by replacement arthroplasty irrespective of femoral head displacement because of the high risk of revision surgery associated with internal fixation.     

Die Schenkelhalsfraktur beim alten Menschen – Bipolare Hemiendoprothese vs. Totalendoprothese

INTRODUCTION: In this study surgical risk and functional outcome of bipolar hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures were compared. METHODS: In a prospective study 54 patients with femoral neck fractures (median age: 80.5 years) were treated by implanting a total hip replacement (group I). Group II comprised 52 patients with 55 femoral neck fractures (median age: 81 years) who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplsty. Pre- and postoperative mobility and social history, perioperative parameters such as duration of surgery, blood loss, and number of transfused blood units as well as postoperative complications and mortality were compared. Function was ascertained by a scoring system. RESULTS: Duration of surgery, blood loss, and numbers of transfused blood units were significantly lower in group II, and mortality rate was lower. Postoperative mobility and medium-term functional score were comparable, whereas in the longer-term follow-up after 8 years group I had a significantly better functional score. CONCLUSION: In elderly patients with femoral neck fracture and high comorbidity, we recommend the implantation of hemiarthroplasty and in healthy, active patients with longer life expectancy the total hip replacement.     

Total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty in mobile, independent patients with a displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. A randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty are commonly used to treat displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck, but each has disadvantages and the optimal treatment of these fractures remains controversial. METHODS: In the present prospectively randomized study, eighty-one patients who had been mobile and lived independently before they had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck were randomized to receive either a total hip arthroplasty or a hemiarthroplasty. The mean age of the patients was seventy-five years. Outcome was assessed with use of the Oxford hip score, and final radiographs were assessed. RESULTS: After a mean duration of follow-up of three years, the mean walking distance was 1.17 mi (1.9 km) for the hemiarthroplasty group and 2.23 mi (3.6 km) for the total hip arthroplasty group, and the mean Oxford hip score was 22.3 for the hemiarthroplasty group and 18.8 for the total hip arthroplasty group. Patients in the total hip arthroplasty group walked farther (p=0.039) and had a lower (better) Oxford hip score (p=0.033) than those in the hemiarthroplasty group. Twenty of thirty-two living patients in the hemiarthroplasty group had radiographic evidence of acetabular erosion at the time of the final follow-up. None of the hips in the hemiarthroplasty group dislocated, whereas three hips in the total hip arthroplasty group dislocated. In the hemiarthroplasty group, two hips were revised to total hip arthroplasty and three additional hips had acetabular erosion severe enough to indicate revision. In the total hip arthroplasty group, one hip was revised because of subsidence of the femoral component. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty conferred superior short-term clinical results and fewer complications when compared with hemiarthroplasty in this prospectively randomized study of mobile, independent patients who had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck.     

A comparative study of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures treated with long proximal femoral nail antirotation or plate combinations

Objective: To compare the results of long proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA‐long) and plate combinations in the treatment of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. Methods: Between March 2004 and April 2009, 23 patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures were treated with PFNA‐long or plate combinations. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I contained 13 patients who were treated with dynamic hip screws (DHS) combined with compression plate fixation. The 10 patients in Group II were treated with PFNA‐long. Results: The average follow‐up was 17.8 and 16.8 months for Groups I and II, respectively. The average union time for intertrochanteric fractures was 17.4 and 16.6 weeks in Groups I and II, respectively, and for femoral shaft fracture 22.2 and 21.5 weeks, respectively. There were nine good, two fair, and two poor functional results in Group I, and eight good, one fair, and one poor in Group II. There was nonunion of two femoral shaft fractures in Group I and one in Group II. There were no significant differences between the two groups in functional outcomes or major complications. Conclusion: Both treatment methods achieve satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. PFNA‐long is the better choice for the treatment of complex fractures, having the advantages of minimal exposure, reduced perioperative blood loss, and achievement of biological fixation of both fractures with a single implant.     

人工股骨头置换治疗90岁以上患者髋部骨折

[目的]报告人工股骨头置换治疗90岁以上患者髋部骨折的疗效。[方法]本组23例（24髋），男7例，女16例：年龄90～100岁，平均94岁。骨折分类：股骨颈骨折10例，按Garden分型，Ⅲ型6例，Ⅳ型4例；股骨粗隆问骨折13例（1例为双侧），按Evans分型，ⅢA型6例，ⅢB型6例，Ⅳ型1例。除2例在室外被碰伤外，其余骨折均发生在室内。患者入院后暂用皮牵引制动患肢，然后抓紧时间进行各项必要的术前检查，了解患者的健康情况。争取在短时间内请有关科室联合会诊，对患者的全身情况评估，论证能否耐受手术。本组患者在骨折前均并存各种不同程度的内科疾病，但经过对症处理相对稳定，大部分都能生活自理，经过评估后认为无绝对手术禁忌证。手术均用气管插管全麻，术中心电监护仪监护。取侧卧位，髋后外侧切口，股骨颈骨折的手术操作与其他年龄段患者操作相同。股骨粗隆间骨折，需要将骨折分离的股骨大、小粗隆重新复位，用钢丝捆绑固定，股骨距部位的骨缺损用骨水泥充填、重塑。股骨粗隆问骨折患者术中适当输血，本组8例术中输血200～800ml，平均400ml：关节腔内置负压引流管，48～72h后拔除。[结果]23例均顺利通过手术，术后下床时间2～7d，平均4d，住院时间15～28d，平均21d。并发症：6例术后出现一过性精神障碍，经过治疗逐渐恢复；1例出现患肢轻度深静脉炎，对症处理后未影响治疗效果；1例95岁女性患者ⅢB型股骨粗隆问骨折，术后3周死于多脏器功能衰竭。16例（9例股骨粗隆间骨折，7例股骨颈骨折）有随诊结果，随访5～36个月，平均8个月。10例（6例股骨粗隆问骨折，4例股骨颈骨折）基本达到骨折前的状况，5例（2例粗隆间骨折，3例股骨颈骨折）生活部分自理，1例股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后6个月死于其他疾病。[结论]人工股骨头置换治疗90岁以上患者髋部骨折，疗效满意，可早下床活动，减少并发症，降低死亡率，改善生活质量，减轻家庭生活护理负担。     

人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

目的了解、评价人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的价值和选择。方法从１９９０年１月～１９９６年１２月住院治疗的股骨颈骨折病例中,选择年龄、性别、随访时间均相仿的人工股骨头置换术患者５４例,全髋置换术患者６０例,进行回顾性分析。结果发现两种术式的住院时间相仿,早期并发症均较低;人工股骨头置换组的中、远期并发症、再手术率较高,全髋置换组手术创伤。假体费用较大,随访功能优良率较高。结论全髋置换术适合于５５岁以上、有移位的头下型患者,人工股骨头置换术适合高龄或全身情况较差者。     

Ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures: complications and their treatment

An ipsilateral femoral neck fracture occurs in approximately 6% to 9% of all femoral shaft fractures. Despite this relatively common presentation, decision-making often is difficult. Furthermore, the risk for complications is greater in the treatment of this combination injury pattern than for single-level fractures. A retrospective review of the authors' large trauma database revealed 13 patients who had healing complications develop after their index surgical procedure. Six of the eight (75%) femoral neck nonunions occurring in these 13 patients developed after the use of a second generation, reconstruction-type intramedullary nail. Factors contributing to nonunion of the femoral shaft were the presence of an open fracture, use of an unreamed, small diameter intramedullary nail, and prolonged delay to weightbearing. The femoral neck nonunions healed after either valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy (seven patients) or compression hip screw fixation (one patient). The femoral shaft nonunion proved more difficult than expected to treat with some patients with femoral shaft nonunions requiring more than one operative procedure to achieve union. Lag screw fixation of the femoral neck fracture and reamed intramedullary nailing for shaft fracture stabilization were associated with the fewest complications. Therefore, this approach is recommended as the treatment of choice.     

Functional outcomes and mortality vary among different types of hip fractures: a function of patient characteristics

A review of prospectively collected data was done to compare functional outcomes and mortality among patients with different hip fracture types. Five hundred thirty-seven elderly patients who sustained a hip fracture were followed up prospectively. Orthopaedists blinded to treatment and outcome radiographically classified the fractures as either: (1) nondisplaced or impacted femoral neck; (2) displaced femoral neck; (3) stable intertrochanteric; or (4) unstable intertrochanteric fracture. Functional independence measure scores were calculated for preinjury function and at 2- and 6- month follow-ups. Comorbidities, operative details, postoperative complications, and deaths were recorded. Six-month mortality was lowest for patients with nondisplaced femoral neck fractures (5.7%) and highest for patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (15.8%), but multivariate analysis only identified preinjury function as an independent predictor of mortality. All preinjury and followup functional independence measure scores were greatest for patients with nondisplaced femoral neck fractures and least for patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. However, multivariate analysis identified only patient age and preinjury functional independence measure scores as independent predictors of functional outcome. These data show differences in mortality and functional outcomes among fracture types that can be attributed to differences in functional status before injury.     

人工股骨头置换与内固定治疗不稳定型高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效对比研究

目的比较分析人工股骨头置换和内固定术治疗伴有严重骨质疏松的不稳定型高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及术后并发症发生率。方法将158例高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折随机分为两组,A组78例:用股骨粗隆间骨折专用假体,行人工关节置换治疗;B组80例:行内固定治疗。结果随访68例,随访时间15～52个月。两组的合并症、手术时间、住院时间和失血量无显著差异(P>0.05);而住院时并发症发生率、扶拐下地活动时间、功能评价差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论对高龄股骨粗隆间骨折伴严重骨质疏松的患者进行人工关节置换,可以避免内固定失效引起的并发症,减少卧床时间,使患者较快恢复到或者接近伤前生活水平,提高生活质量,在技术成熟的情况下是合适的选择。     

Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young patients. The purpose of the present study was to review the results and complications associated with the treatment of femoral neck fractures with internal fixation in a large consecutive series of young patients. METHODS: Between 1975 and 2000, eighty-three femoral neck fractures in eighty-two consecutive patients who were between fifteen and fifty years old were treated with internal fixation at our institution. Two patients died, and eight were lost to follow-up. Seventy-three fractures were followed until union, until conversion to hip arthroplasty, or for a minimum of two years; the mean duration of follow-up was 6.6 years. Fifty-one of the seventy-three fractures were displaced, and twenty-two were nondisplaced. The results and complications of treatment were retrospectively reviewed, and the effects of fracture displacement, reduction quality, and capsular decompression on outcome were evaluated. Function was assessed by evaluating pain, walking capacity, and the need for gait aids. The mean duration of follow-up for the fifty-seven patients (fifty-eight fractures) who had not undergone early conversion to arthroplasty was 8.1 years. RESULTS: Fifty-three (73%) of the seventy-three fractures healed after one operation and were associated with no evidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Osteonecrosis developed in association with seventeen fractures (23%), and a nonunion developed in association with six (8%). Four of the six nonunions later healed after a secondary procedure. At the time of the final follow-up, thirteen patients had had a conversion to a total hip arthroplasty because of osteonecrosis (eleven), nonunion (one), or both (one). Five (9.8%) of the fifty-one displaced fractures were associated with the development of nonunion, and fourteen (27%) were associated with the development of osteonecrosis. Three (14%) of the twenty-two nondisplaced fractures were associated with the development of osteonecrosis, and one (4.5%) was associated with the development of nonunion. Eleven (24%) of the forty-six displaced fractures with a good to excellent reduction were associated with the development of osteonecrosis, and two (4%) were associated with the development of nonunion. Four of the five displaced fractures with a fair or poor reduction were associated with the development of osteonecrosis, nonunion, or both. CONCLUSIONS: The ten-year survival rate of the native femoral head free of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was 85%. Osteonecrosis was the main reason for conversion to total hip arthroplasty, but not all patients with osteonecrosis required further surgery. The results of treatment were influenced by fracture displacement and the quality of reduction.     

双极股骨头置换术治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的预后疗效分析

目的探讨双极股骨头半髋置换治疗老年不稳定粗隆间骨折的预后并分析其影响因素。方法回顾性分析对2005年3月至2009年10月收治的双极股骨头半髋置换治疗老年不稳定粗隆间骨折的86例患者临床资料,男32例,女54例;年龄71～98岁,平均83．4岁。Evens-JensenⅢ型50例,Ⅳ型36例。57例患者伴有严重骨质疏松。受伤至入院时间1h-8d,平均1．5d,人院至手术时间3-9d,平均4．2d。骨水泥型股骨柄假体置换65例,生物型股骨柄假体置换21例;术中重建股骨距52例,未重建股骨距34例。结果最终68例患者均获得随访,随访时间为12～60个月,平均38个月。单因素与多因素分析均显示骨折分型及是否重建股骨距对股骨柄假体稳定性有显著影响（P〈0．05）。髋关节Harris评分优良率82．4％,单因素分析显示骨折分型及是否重建股骨距对术后髋关节功能恢复有显著影响（P〈0．05）,多因素分析显示是否重建股骨距是影响术后髋关节功能恢复的主要因素。25例患者死亡,死亡率为32．1％,其中死于心肺疾患占56．O％。单因素与多因素均分析显示患者性别、年龄及是否重建股骨距对术后死亡率有显著影响（P〈0．05）。结论老年股骨粗隆间骨折可以通过双极人工股骨头半髋置换治疗获得良好疗效。骨折分型及术中是否重建股骨距是影响术后假体稳定性和髋关节功能的主要因素,高龄及合并心肺疾患患者死亡风险更大。     

Mid-Term Survivals After Cementless Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly Patients

Background

Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients remains challenging. The purpose of this prospective study is to determine clinical and radiological results of cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a fully porous-coated stem in osteoporotic elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures with follow-up over 5 years.