RNA干扰在疾病治疗中的研究及应用进展

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指由双链RNA(dsRNA)所诱发的转录后水平上的基因沉默.RNAi通过小干扰RNA(siRNA)、重复相关siRNA(rasiRNA)和微小RNA(miRNA)而产生.由于RNAi对靶基因沉默作用的高度特异性和高效性,因此近年来RNAi用于肿瘤性疾病、感染性疾病、神经系统疾病等疾病的治疗研究是一个热点.虽然目前已有部分RNAi药物进入临床试验阶段,但是绝大部分的研究尚处于实验阶段,RNAi在临床上的实际应用尚需时日.     

RNA干扰的研究进展

RNA干扰（RNAi）是指细胞中导入与内源性mRNA编码区某段序列同源的双链RNA（dsRNA），可致该mRNA发生特异性降解从而导致基因表达沉默的现象．因基因沉默现象发生在转录后水平，故又称为转录后基因沉默（PTGS）。目前，RNAi已经成为研究基因功能的有力工具，并有望在肿瘤基因治疗、遗传性疾病以及病毒性感染治疗等方面发挥重要作用。     

RNAi实现方法及在免疫相关基因功能鉴定中的应用

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是通过内、外源双链RNA触发的,由19—23bp小分子干扰RNA片段（siRNA）诱导的同源性mRNA的降解,从而使该基因表达沉默（gene silence）的过程。它是广泛存在于动、植物中的序列特异性转录后基因沉默,是生物体在进化过程中,     

应用RNA干扰抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制和表达

RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种由双链RNA(dsRNA)引发的序列特异性基因沉默机制。在这一转录后基因沉默(PTGS)过程中,与双链RNA有同源序列的单链RNA(如mRNA)被降解,从而阻断基因表达。RNAi过程的关键是由双链RNA     

RNA干扰在白血病基因治疗中的应用前景

RNA干扰(RNAi)作为一种进化保守的转录后基因沉默机制,是指双链RNA分子(dsRNA)被切割成21～23个核苷酸的小干扰RNA(siRNA),最终使其同源的mRNA特异性降解.RNAi现广泛用于多个生物体的功能基因组学研究,以及在基因表达异常导致的多种疾病的临床前模型中进行干预治疗.大约50%的白血病伴有异常基因的表达,利用RNAi肿瘤特异性基因靶向治疗为治疗白血病提供了一条新途径.随着siRNA在活体中的稳定性和转染效率的提高、非特异性作用的减少,正迅速应用于临床中.     

RNA干扰技术在胰腺癌基因治疗中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是双链RNA(dsRNA)介导的、由特异性引起的转录后基因沉默现象. RNA干扰技术作为基因沉默的有效手段,在肿瘤治疗方面显示出良好的前景.现就RNA干扰的机制、双链RNA的设计、小干扰RNA(siRNA)的制备方法和RNA干扰技术在胰腺癌治疗研究中的应用进展作一综述.     

RNA干扰技术在哺乳动物中的应用

RNA干扰(RNA interfe rence RNAi)是由小干涉RNAs介导的转录后基因沉默,能引起序列特异性的mRNA降解,广泛存在于生物体中。本文介绍了RNAi的作用机制,小干涉RNA(small interference RNA siRNA)的制备以及RNAi技术在哺乳动物中的应用,在基因功能研究、基因治疗方面显示出巨大的前景。但作为一种新型的基因阻断方法,由于我们对RNAi的机制尚不完全明了,RNAi 技术的应用在方法学等方面尚有许多亟待改进之处。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

Pulmonary sporotrichosis in Oklahoma in susceptibilities in vitro

Six cases of pulmonary sporotichosis were observed in 2 institutions in Oklahoma City, Okla. Three of the patients were treated with iodides with or without surgery. Although one patient required a second course of iodides, the patients have remained well after at least 34 months of follow-up. Three patients treated with amphotericin B, single course as well as multiple courses, and other antifungal agents (hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole) have all relapsed. These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. It is our opinion that the treatment of choice for pulmonary sporotrichosis is a supersaturated solution of potassium iodide. If the patient is allergic to the medication or fails to respond, then a combination of amphotericin B plus flucytosine may be tried.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Differences in outcome in primary angioplasty in women.

BACKGROUND: In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has proved to be the best therapeutic approach. Several factors have been associated with worse outcome in AMI in females. Are there differences in outcome in women undergoing PTCA for AMI? AIM: To evaluate gender influence on clinical outcome and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI who undergo primary percutaneous interventions. METHODS: We studied 245 consecutive patients (72 women, 29.4 %), who underwent primary PTCA between January 2000 and December 2001. The following parameters were analyzed: risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and family history, previous AMI, PTCA or angina, pain-to-balloon time, extent of coronary disease and outcome. RESULTS: Female patients were older (67.9+/-11.6 vs. 59.6+/-13; p < 0.001) with a higher prevalence of hypertension (65.3 % vs. 47.4 %; p < 0.05) and angina (29.0 % vs. 16.0 %; p < 0.05) and lower prevalence of smoking (27.8 % vs. 54.3 %; p < 0.001). Pain-to-balloon time was longer in women (6.8+/-4.1 vs. 5.4+/-3.7 hours; p < 0.05). Extent of coronary disease was similar in both groups. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 84.7 % of women and 90.8 % of men. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications (5.6 % vs. 5.2 %) and arrhythmias (15.3 % vs. 10.4%) and in-hospital mortality (9.7 6.4 %) were higher in females, although without statistical significance (p = NS). Hospitalization time was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing awareness of a gender bias in therapeutic approaches to AMI, there are still some differences in outcome, with a trend towards higher mortality rates in women. Older age and longer pain-to-balloon time could account for this.