基于三参数威布尔分布的自动调整臂疲劳寿命的P-S-N曲线研究

通过疲劳试验研究了自动调整臂矩形压缩弹簧的疲劳寿命、疲劳变形以及破坏特征等。试验结果表明:疲劳应力载荷作用下,矩形压缩弹簧中间应力集中部位会产生裂纹,随着应力水平提高,裂纹变大,使得其传递转矩能力减弱;利用最小二乘法及最大相关系数法拟合自动调整臂疲劳寿命,可知其疲劳寿命服从三参数威布尔分布;根据三参数幂函数形式的S-N曲线方程,建立自动调整臂在不同应力下的P-S-N曲线,通过自动调整臂试验与理论疲劳极限寿命的比较表明,两者相对误差较小。     

基于堆焊成形钛合金高周疲劳实验数据的R-S-N模型

针对应力比对疲劳寿命影响的问题,以TC18钛合金堆焊成形(利用多层堆焊的方法制备)试样为研究对象,进行了3种应力比(R=0.5、R=0.06、R=-1)的疲劳实验,得出相应的疲劳极限,应用"应力幅值寿命模型"和"三参数寿命模型"得到6条S-N曲线。根据裂纹扩展速率与疲劳寿命的积分关系,以两种疲劳寿命数学模型为基础,系统地研究了应力比(R)与疲劳寿命曲线(S-N)的关系,提出了考虑应力比的疲劳寿命(R-S-N)数学模型。根据本文提出的修正公式,建立了适用TC18钛合金堆焊成形材料的两种R-S-N数学模型,结果表明:用应力幅值寿命模型可对中等疲劳寿命区进行准确的预测,而三参数寿命模型更适合中长寿命区域的预测。提出的两种R-S-N数学模型与实验值吻合良好,并可在工程上预测任意应力比下的疲劳寿命曲线。     

载荷谱直线段的等效载荷

本文分析计算了双对数坐标下载荷谱线段等效载荷。等效载荷依赖于于这段载荷谱及疲劳寿命曲线的斜率。对于比疲劳寿命曲线更陡的某段载荷谱，等效载荷偏向最大的谱载荷。在这种情况下，最大应力部分对损伤产生较大的影响。误差研究表明，在损伤计算中用阶梯函数代替连续的载荷谱所产生的偏离或误差具有疲劳寿命曲线方程的指数形式。     

横向载荷下复合材料层合板疲劳分析

疲劳破坏是结构失效的主要原因之一。基于复合材料各向异性层合板的宏观力学理论,分析在横向交变载荷作用下层合板的应力场。结合材料的S-N曲线和累积损伤原理,建立局部名义应力与结构整体寿命相关联的疲劳寿命预测模型,计算层合板的疲劳损伤和寿命。采用名义应力的方法估算复合材料层合板的疲劳寿命较为便捷和直观。     

确定铝合金P—S—N曲线的一种简便方法

根据作者提出的应力疲劳公式，建立了确定铝合金Ｐ－Ｓ－Ｎ曲线的简便方法，如果循环应力下材料的疲劳发布已知，且与高循环应力相比，试件在低循环应力下个有更长的疲劳寿命和更同的寿命分散度，则有可能用本文的方法确定材料的疲劳强度分布和Ｐ－Ｓ－Ｎ曲线表达式。     

汽轮机转子10%Cr钢的高温低周疲劳特性

在分别控制应变和温度的条件下进行超超临界汽轮机转子10%Cr钢的高温低周疲劳实验,用SEM和TEM分析了10%Cr钢实验前后的表面形貌和亚晶粒结构。根据实验数据拟合应力-应变曲线、应力-寿命曲线和应变-寿命曲线,得到了反映材料高温低周疲劳特性的Ramberg-Osgood参数和Manson-Coffin参数。对比分析了低周疲劳实验初始和结束两个阶段的滞回曲线和应力-寿命曲线,并讨论了不同温度和不同应变幅控制的塑性应变。结果表明,在高温工况下10%Cr钢的塑性应变较为明显,随着应变幅的增大钢的疲劳寿命降低,随着循环周期的变化塑性应变速率经历了下降-过渡-上升三个阶段,曲线出现拐点。最大裂纹长度随循环周期呈非线性扩展,高温低周疲劳载荷使钢中的亚晶粒尺寸增大。     

车轮应变疲劳性能及损伤演变规律研究

试验分析了Φ９１５喂线车轮的低周疲劳性能，测定了循环稳定和单调拉伸应力－应变曲线，给出了应变－寿命及应力－寿命关系，讨论了循环软化循环硬化特性，导出应变疲劳损伤演变方程和寿命估算方程，还列表给出车轮钢的全部应变疲劳参数和与之对应的静态参数，可供设计选材、寿命估算时使用。     

考虑加载速度影响的沥青混合料疲劳方程

为了建立沥青混合料强度与疲劳行为之间的联系,通过不同加载速率下的沥青混合料直接拉伸强度试验,揭示了强度随加载速率的幂函数变化规律;基于不同加载速率下的强度值,得到了与疲劳加载速率对应的沥青混合料疲劳真实应力比;通过疲劳试验,创建了基于名义应力比和真实应力比的沥青混合料疲劳方程,基于名义应力比的疲劳方程后延后与横坐标的交点远比1 大,不具有后延性,而基于真实应力比的疲劳方程可以后延到疲劳寿命为1 的强度破坏点,统一了强度破坏与疲劳破坏行为;据此推导了沥青路面抗拉强度结构系数计算新方法;研究结果可为我国公路沥青路面设计规范的修订提供理论依据.     

用考虑置信区间长度影响的最小二乘法拟合S－N曲线

S－N曲线是用名义应力法预测结构疲劳寿命的基础。基于试验疲劳寿命分散的物理机制,提出了一个S－N曲线试验数据处理的加权最小二乘法,此方法中每组数据的权重与该组数据的置信区间成反比。计算结果表明用考虑置信区间长度影响的最小二乘法拟合得到的S－N曲线比用一般最小二乘法得到的S－N曲线具有更高的可靠度,给出的寿命预测结果也更安全。     

钢箱梁正交异性桥面板疲劳评估全空间S-N曲线研究

全空间S-N曲线是利用时序准则进行钢箱梁正交异性桥面板疲劳评估的基础。首先基于钢桥设计规范给出的有限疲劳寿命区S-N曲线,从理论上推导了覆盖低周疲劳寿命区、有限疲劳寿命区和高周疲劳寿命区的一般全空间S-N曲线模型。进一步针对小型汽车和日常风等荷载引起的低水平应力幅以及地震和强风等荷载引起的高水平应力幅,引入高周疲劳损伤累积因子和低周疲劳强度调整因子分别对低水平应力幅和高水平应力幅造成的疲劳损伤进行计算,提出一种适用于钢箱梁正交异性桥面板疲劳评估的全空间S-N曲线模型。在此基础上对模型参数的几何意义进行了解释。最后采用正交异性桥面板顶板-U肋疲劳试验数据对模型参数进行了估计,得到了具有最佳拟合度的全空间S-N曲线和具有99%保证率的疲劳评估全空间S-N曲线。研究结果表明,该文提出的全空间S-N曲线模型能准确描述钢箱梁正交异性桥面板在各种应力幅下的疲劳损伤累积特性。研究结果可为钢箱梁正交异性桥面板的疲劳评估奠定基础。     

Development of the positive mean stress diagrams using genetic algorithm approach

In this numerical study, a new optimum positive mean stress fatigue failure equation is developed using previous experimental data and genetic algorithm. Two independent curve fitting coefficients are implemented in the equation to supply better correlations with experimental data of the failure strength envelope. In the literature, Gerber, Goodman, Soderberg, Morrow, Bagci, ASME (elliptic line), Clemson, Sekercioglu and so on suggested different equations for estimating fatigue strength envelope under mean stress condition. In these models, the effect of the materials was not considered in details. Some of these mean stress linear expressions are very conservative or have stress area bigger than the yield limit. The yield strength and the effect of materials are considered in the proposed model. The values of the positive mean stress, which correspond to fatigue failure, are obtained, and a minimum average absolute error among the models presented in the literature is remarked. The proposed model, which has less conservative structure, can be effectively used in the mechanical design process.     

A mathematical equation relating low cycle fatigue data to fatigue crack propagation rates

A mathematical equation is derived to predict fatigue crack growth rates on the basis of a J integral analysis from the fatigue fracture behaviour of low cycle fatigue samples. According to this equation, the fatigue crack propagation curves can be predicted if low cycle fatigue data and an initial microcrack size are available. The results obtained from this study show that the predicted fatigue crack propagation rates for Ti-24V, Ti-6Al-4V and Al-6Zn-2Mg alloys are very close to experimental values.     

A numerical approach to fatigue assessment of spot weld joints

This paper deals with the fatigue strength of spot welds investigated by means of an implicit gradient approach. The material is assumed linear elastic and an effective stress for the fatigue life estimation is considered as a transformation of the maximum principal stress field, which is defined by an inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation. The effective stress is calculated by following the same procedure and by using the same characteristic length of the material, previously considered for the fatigue assessments of thick‐walled arc welded joints. About 450 experimental data under constant fatigue loading, mainly lap‐shear joints, peeling joints, coach‐peel joints and shear‐bending joints, were analyzed. The experimental data relative to these spot‐welded joints, in terms of effective stress, fall into the previous scatter band obtained for transverse fillet welded joints by supplying a possible comprehensive approach to fatigue strength assessment of welded joints.     

A simple approximate expression for finite life fatigue behaviour in the presence of ‘crack‐like’ or ‘blunt’ notches

In this note, we explore the possibility of simple extensions of the heuristic El Haddad formula for finite life, as an approximate expression valid for crack‐like notches, and of the ‘Luká? and Klesnil’ equation for blunt notches. The key starting point is to assume, in analogy to the Basquin power‐law SN curve for the fatigue life of the uncracked (plain) specimen, a power law for the ‘finite life’intrinsic El Haddad crack size. The approach has similarities with what recently proposed by Susmel and Taylor as a Critical Distance Method for Medium‐Cycle Fatigue regime. Reasonable agreement is found with the fatigue data of Susmel and Taylor for notches, and in particular the error seems smaller in finite life than for infinite life, where these equations are already used. In these respects, the present proposal can be considered as a simple empirical unified approach for rapid assessment of the notch effect under finite life.     

汽车发动机曲轴弯曲疲劳试验方法研究

目的研究两种常用的疲劳试验加载原理对疲劳试验结果的影响,为曲轴选材、设计和制造的各阶段开展弯曲疲劳试验提供技术支持。方法在两种加载方式下采用同批次曲轴进行弯曲疲劳试验,利用成组法得到疲劳试验结果,针对试验加载原理和试验数据开展分析和讨论。结果电液伺服加载方法的试验精度更准确,而电磁谐振加载方法可以大幅度缩短试验周期。电液伺服加载和电磁谐振加载试验的疲劳极限分别为1140.4 N·m和1189.4 N·m。两种加载方法下,曲轴的失效情况均为连杆颈辊压槽处断裂。结论两种加载方法对曲轴弯矩的加载效果相同,试验结果的相对误差为4.3%。在曲轴的仲裁试验中或有争议的情况下使用,推荐使用电液伺服加载方法。在使用电磁谐振加载方法时须严格控制标定误差。曲轴连杆颈辊压槽是曲轴的薄弱环节,应严格控制辊压槽的机加工质量。     

预腐蚀铝合金典型螺栓单搭接件疲劳寿命研究

模拟飞机服役环境,对航空LY12 铝合金板材典型螺栓单搭接试验件做了预腐蚀试验,然后通过疲劳试验得到了未腐蚀试验件和预腐蚀后试验件的疲劳寿命。通过对试验件分解检查,分析了腐蚀对航空LY12 铝合金典型螺栓单搭接件的影响。建立了考虑腐蚀影响的基于断裂力学的沉孔螺栓搭接件疲劳寿命计算模型,对预腐蚀搭接件的疲劳寿命进行了计算和分析。结果表明:螺栓孔附近和搭接面腐蚀较表面其他部位严重,腐蚀产物的膨胀作用下产生了“枕垫效应”;计算模型得到的疲劳寿命与试验寿命吻合较好,其中模型1 最大相对误差为36.7%,模型2 的最大相对误差为25.7%。搭接件不同的腐蚀程度要选择不同的计算模型才能得出精确的结果。在分析较严重的腐蚀对搭接件疲劳寿命影响时,应考虑搭接面的多腐蚀损伤。     

体脑疲劳交互影响下煤矿工人作业改善研究

采用主观疲劳评价法,对陕西某矿业公司采煤工人的体疲劳和脑疲劳进行调查与研究,了解工人的工作内容与休息时间。用SPSS软件进行数据分析,得出煤矿工人的疲劳值,分析疲劳产生的原因,并结合实际情况提出相应的建议和解决方案。结果显示,煤矿工人的体疲劳主要发生在腰部、肩膀、前臂和后臂等部位,噪声疲劳和视疲劳是影响工人脑疲劳的主要因素,因而建议对矿工的作业动作进行优化,极大化地改善工人工作环境,优化生产流程和管理制度。目的在于减轻煤矿工人的体脑疲劳,预防人因失误,提升生产过程安全性。     

Bithermal low-cycle fatigue evaluation of automotive exhaust system alloy SS409

This investigation provides thermomechanical fatigue data for the ferritic stainless steel alloy SS409, used extensively in automotive exhaust system components. The data were generated to assess the total strain version of the strain range partitioning (TS-SRP) method for the design and durability assessment of automotive exhaust systems. The cyclic lifetime and the cyclic stress–strain–temperature–time behaviour for alloy SS409 were measured using bithermal tests with extreme temperatures of 400 and 800 °C. Fatigue lives ranged up to 10 000 cycles with hold-times of 0.33–2.0 min. The bithermal fatigue behaviour was compared to isothermal, strain-controlled fatigue behaviour at both 400 and 800 °C. Thermomechanical cycling was found to have a profound detrimental influence on the fatigue resistance of SS409 compared to isothermal cycling. Supplementary bithermal tests with hold-times ranging from 40 s to 1.5 h were conducted to calibrate the TS-SRP equation for extrapolation to longer lifetimes. The observed thermomechanical (bithermal) fatigue lives correlated well with estimated lives using the TS-SRP equations: 70% of the bithermal fatigue data fall within a factor of 1.2 of calculated life; 85% within a factor of 1.4; and 100% within a factor of 1.8.     

Fatigue life evaluation of tension‐compression asymmetric material using local stress–strain method

In this paper, the low‐cycle fatigue characteristics of cold‐drawn steel were investigated under strain‐controlled uniaxial fatigue load. Cyclic softening was observed throughout fatigue life except for the initial relatively short period which exhibited cyclic hardening. Positive mean stress was found under fully reversed strain loading, indicating that there was a significant cyclic asymmetry. A modified local stress–strain method was proposed to estimate fatigue life of notched tension‐compression asymmetric material. In order to verify this method, fatigue experiments on two kinds of notched specimens with different notch radius were carried out under constant and block load spectrum. It was found that the modified local stress–strain method was more accurate than the traditional ones, the maximum relative error between predicted and experimental fatigue life was less than 6%.