Risk for malignancy of thyroid nodules as assessed by sonographic criteria: the need for biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate sonographic and color Doppler characteristics of thyroid nodules with the results of sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy to establish the relative importance of these features in predicting risk for malignancy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the sonographic features of 34 malignant and 36 benign thyroid nodules with respect to size, echogenicity, echo structure, shape, border, calcification, and internal vascularity. Individual features and combinations of features were analyzed for their correlation with benign or malignant disease. A comparative analysis of several authors' previously proposed methods for distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules using sonographic criteria was also performed to determine their sensitivity and specificity in predicting nodule disease within our study data. RESULTS: Nodule size ranged from 0.8 to 4.6 cm in greatest dimension (mean, 1.96 cm; SD, 0.877 cm). The prevalence of malignancy in our study population was estimated to be nearly 5.33%. Intragroup comparison of sonographic features among benign and malignant nodules resulted in identification of intrinsic calcification as the only statistically significant predictor of malignancy (35.3% sensitive and 94.4% specific; P < .005). Presence of a "snowstorm" pattern of calcification was 100% specific for malignancy. Echogenicity, echo structure, shape, border classification, and grade of internal vascularity did not show any significant difference between benign and malignant nodules in this study. Various combinations of features previously suggested to be significant predictors of malignancy were also analyzed and shown to have very little sensitivity or specificity in predicting benign or malignant disease among nodules in our study population. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the presence of intrinsic microcalcification is the only statistically reliable criterion on which to base increased suspicion for malignancy in thyroid nodules. Our results indicate the need for biopsy in determining further workup. All nodules that show the presence of intrinsic microcalcification should undergo biopsy, particularly if calcifications have a snowstorm appearance on sonography.     

多模态超声与超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检鉴别C-TIRADS 4类甲状腺良、恶性结节

目的 比较多模态超声与超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸（US-FNAB）活检鉴别中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（C-TIRADS）4类甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。方法 回顾性分析201例甲状腺结节患者共247个甲状腺结节,包括193个恶性、54个良性,以术后病理为金标准,对比多模态超声[联合应用常规超声、剪切波弹性成像（SWE）及超声造影（CEUS）]与US-FNAB鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。结果 常规超声诊断甲状腺恶性结节的敏感度、特异度、准确率、误诊率及漏诊率分别为86.53%、59.26%、80.57%、40.74%及13.47%;SWE分别为78.76%、74.07%、77.73%、25.93%及21.24%;CEUS分别为90.16%、77.78%、87.45%、22.22%及9.84%;多模态超声分别为97.93%、88.89%、95.95%、11.11%及2.07%;US-FNAB分别为89.64%、96.30%、91.09%、3.70%及10.36%。多模态超声鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节的敏感度、特异度、准确率高于,而漏诊率和误诊率低于单一常规超声、SWE及CEUS（P均<0.05）;其敏感度、准确率和误诊率高于,而特异度和漏诊率低于US-FNAB（P均<0.05）。结论 对于鉴别C-TIRADS 4类甲状腺良、恶性结节,多模态超声敏感度、准确率较高但误诊率高,US-FNAB特异度较高但漏诊率高。     

甲状腺结节影像组学研究进展

影像组学可从医学图像中提取定量特征对肿瘤进行定量评估，从而辅助诊断、治疗及预后评价等，拥有巨大潜力。随着甲状腺结节检出率逐年上升，影像组学逐渐用于研究甲状腺结节。本文对甲状腺结节影像组学研究进展进行综述。     

Galectin-3 detection on large-needle aspiration biopsy improves preoperative selection of thyroid nodules: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background. New techniques of improving diagnostic reliability of thyroid nodules are needed. Aim and methods. This prospective cohort study includes patients with one (201) or multiple (22) palpable nodule(s). Preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), large-needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB), and galectin-3 detection on LNAB (GAL-3-LNAB) (total of 245 nodules) were compared when the FNAB finding was ‘inadequate’ or ‘indeterminate’. The sizes of the needles used for FNAB and LNAB were compared with the size of thyroid follicles. Forty nodules were surgically excised according to current recommendation.

Results. GAL-3-LNAB was inadequate in 4% of nodules, compared with 34% using FNAB and 11% using LNAB (P < 0.0001). GAL-3-LNAB showed no indeterminate findings, compared with 15% using FNAB and 13% using LNAB (P < 0.0001). Among the 40 excised nodules, GAL-3-LNAB showed the highest accuracy values. The sensitivity (P = 0.011) and specificity (P < 0.000; P = 0.001) ranges were 40%–100% and 20%–40% for FNAB, 40%–100% and 50%–53.7% for LNAB, and 100% and 76.7%–80% for GAL-3-LNAB, respectively. The largest needles used for LNAB, 20 or 18 gauge, with an internal diameter of 0.6 or 0.91 mm, recorded the lowest rate of inadequate or indeterminate FNAB findings.

Conclusions. GAL-3-LNAB reduced inadequate, abolished indeterminate findings, and provided specificity values higher than FNAB or LNAB in palpable thyroid nodules.     

A Case Challenge: Differentiating Thyroid Nodules for Malignancy and Management

An increase in the identification of thyroid nodules (TNs) leads to a subsequent increase in benign nodules being misdiagnosed as malignant. The American Thyroid Association has recognized that most TNs are benign and has developed clinical guidelines to guide clinical decision making for the reduction of excessive thyroidectomy. Evaluation and treatment of TNs is recommended for all nodules identified through palpation and incidentally through advanced imaging. The goal of evaluation is to initiate accurate monitoring and management recommendations based on malignancy risk determined by patient history, physical examination, ultrasound imaging, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy when indicated.     

AmCAD-UT Detection在甲状腺结节超声诊断中的应用

目的 评估计算机辅助诊断（CAD）系统AmCAD-UT Detection（安克侦）用于甲状腺超声的诊断效能及临床价值。方法 采集171例甲状腺结节患者的甲状腺超声图像，分别由安克侦及4名超声科医师（A、B、C、D，分别具有10年、5年、1年及1个月以上甲状腺超声诊断经验）单独及以安克侦辅助医师分析图像，并根据美国放射学会甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（ACR-TIRADS）指南进行分类；以病理结果为金标准，绘制安克侦及4名医师辅以安克侦前后根据ACR-TIRADS指南对结节进行分类的ROC曲线，计算ACR-TIRADS指南诊断良恶性结节的最佳截断值及AUC，评价其诊断效能。结果 共纳入205个甲状腺结节，89个良性、116个恶性病变。ACR-TIRADS指南诊断良恶性结节的最佳截断值为TR5级。安克侦诊断甲状腺恶性结节的敏感度与医师B差异无统计学意义（P=1.00），特异度则低于医师A及B（P均<0.05），其AUC与医师A、B、D差异均有统计学意义（Z=4.34、3.71、2.76，P均<0.05）。辅以安克侦后，4名医师诊断甲状腺结节的敏感度（93.10%、90.52%、85.34%、75.00%）及AUC值（0.95、0.93、0.86、0.86）均较前提高（P均<0.05），特异度则仅医师C、D较前改善（P均<0.05）。结论 安克侦对诊断甲状腺结节具有一定价值，敏感度与具有5年诊断经验的超声科医师相似，用以辅助可提高超声科医师、尤其是低年资医师对于甲状腺结节的诊断效能。     

Rates of malignancy in incidentally discovered thyroid nodules evaluated with sonography and fine-needle aspiration.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of malignancy in thyroid nodules discovered incidentally on magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and sonography with the rate of malignancy in nonincidentally discovered nodules. METHODS: All thyroid sonographic and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) procedures performed during a 6-month period were retrospectively reviewed. Study indications were categorized as incidental (thyroid nodules found on magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or sonography performed for nonthyroid indications) or nonincidental (studies prompted by abnormal physical examination findings or laboratory values or signs or symptoms suggestive of thyroid disease). Rates of malignancy in patients with incidentally discovered nodules were compared with rates in patients with nonincidental thyroid abnormalities by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Of 225 thyroid sonographic studies, 35 (16%) were performed for incidentally discovered thyroid nodules, and 190 (84%) were performed for evaluation of nonincidental thyroid abnormalities. A total of 21 patients (60%) in the incidental group and 90 patients (47%) in the nonincidental group underwent FNA. The rate of malignancy in nodules examined by biopsy in the incidental group was 17% compared with 3% in the nonincidental group (P = .020). Patient sex, multiplicity of nodules, nodule size, echo texture, and presence of calcifications did not differ significantly between the groups. The mean age of patients in the incidental group was significantly higher (61 versus 51 years; P = .007); however, advanced age was not associated with a greater rate of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified an unexpectedly high rate of malignancy in incidentally discovered thyroid nodules, suggesting that incidentally discovered thyroid nodules should be evaluated with follow-up thyroid sonography and FNA.     

超声显像对良恶性甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的探讨超声显像对良、恶性甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2011年12月本院收治甲状腺结节患者143例161个结节的超声表现,观察结节内部回声、微钙化、边界、形态和纵横比。结果恶性甲状腺结节超声主要表现为低回声、微钙化、边界不清、形态不规则、纵横比≥1。良、恶性甲状腺结节超声差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。上述超声特征对诊断恶性甲状腺结节的特异度为75%~92%,灵敏度为53%~74%。结论良、恶性甲状腺结节超声显像具有特征性表现,超声检查对甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

Utility of the Ultrasound Elastographic Systolic Thyroid Stiffness Index in Reducing Fine‐Needle Aspirations

Objective . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ultrasound elastography performed by using carotid pulsation as a compression source and generating the systolic thyroid stiffness index (STSI) can be used as a pre–fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) screening tool. Method . Ultrasound data previously acquired from 62 thyroid nodules in 59 patients who underwent a thyroid FNA were used. Pulsation from the carotid artery was used as the compression source, and the strain was calculated offline. A metric called the STSI was computed for each nodule during systole. On the basis of the derived STSI value, thyroid nodules were retrospectively classified into 2 types: I, no FNA (observation only); and II, FNA. Results . The STSI value of malignant nodules (n = 12) was significantly higher than that of benign nodules (n = 39; P < .00002). Using an STSI cutoff value of 10, 31 nodules were classified as type I, all of which were benign, whereas 20 nodules were classified as type II, 12 malignant and 8 benign, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 79.4%. This suggests that ultrasound elastography could have screened out 31 type I nodules, reducing the number of FNAs by 60.8%. Conclusion . Thyroid ultrasound elastography has the potential to substantially reduce the number of FNA biopsies by detecting type I benign nodules. Patients with suspicious type II nodules would be referred for an FNA. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of thyroid ultrasound elastography as a triage tool to FNA.     

Peripheral calcification in thyroid nodules: ultrasonographic features and prediction of malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between peripheral calcification in thyroid nodules detected on ultrasonography and thyroid malignancy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the ultrasonographic features of 65 pathologically proven thyroid lesions showing peripheral calcification for their correlation with histopathologic results. The following ultrasonographic parameters were assessed for each nodule: size (maximal dimension), shape (anteroposterior dimension/transverse dimension ratio), internal echogenicity (hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, or invisible), halo sign (present or absent), type of calcification (stippled, curvilinear/smooth margin, or curvilinear/irregular margin), and extent of calcification (arc or rim). RESULTS: Twelve (18.5%) of 65 thyroid nodules with peripheral calcification were malignant, and 53 (81.5%) were benign. Patient demographics (age and sex) and ultrasonographic features of the nodules (size, shape, internal echogenicity, halo sign, and type and extent of calcification) did not show any significant differences between benign and malignant groups. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high prevalence of malignancy and no reliable criterion for malignancy in thyroid nodules with peripheral calcification indicate that fine-needle aspiration or careful ultrasonographic follow-up may be warranted in these cases.     

超声诊断儿童甲状腺良恶性结节

目的 探讨超声鉴别诊断儿童甲状腺结节良恶性的价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的120例甲状腺结节患儿的超声表现,比较良恶性甲状腺结节间超声特征的差异。结果 120例中,甲状腺恶性结节71例（71/120,59.17%）,良性结节49例（49/120,40.83%）。良恶性甲状腺结节的超声形态、边界、边缘、内部结构、回声、钙化类型差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;上述超声特征诊断恶性甲状腺结节的准确率分别为80.00%（112/140）、78.57%（110/140）、78.57%（110/140）、81.43%（114/140）、82.86%（116/140）、87.86%（123/140）,敏感度为68.29%（56/82）、70.73%（58/82）、73.17%（60/82）、97.56%（80/82）、90.24%（74/82）、79.27%（65/82）,特异度为96.55%（56/58）、89.66%（52/58）、86.21%（50/58）、58.62%（34/58）、72.41%（42/58）、100%（58/58）。71例恶性甲状腺结节中,60例（60/71,84.51%）伴颈部淋巴结转移,14例（14/71,19.72%）伴中央区淋巴结转移,46例（46/71,64.79%）伴中央区+侧颈淋巴结转移。结论 根据超声特征可有效鉴别儿童良恶性甲状腺结节。     

以7种不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统鉴别桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节

目的 比较7种不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）用于鉴别桥本甲状腺炎（HT）背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。方法 纳入200例HT患者共338个甲状腺结节,良性167个、恶性171个。分别采用Kwak-TIRADS、美国甲状腺学会（ATA）指南、美国临床内分泌医师协会（AACE）/美国内分泌协会（ACE）/意大利内分泌协会（AME）指南、韩国甲状腺放射学会K-TIRADS、欧洲甲状腺协会EU-TIRADS、美国放射协会（ACR）-TIRADS、中华医学会超声医学分会浅表器官和血管组《2020甲状腺结节超声恶性危险分层的中国指南》（C-TIRADS）对甲状腺结节进行分类;以病理结果为金标准,评估各TI-RADS的诊断效能。结果 Kwak-TIRADS、ATA指南、AACE/ACE/AME指南、K-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS及C-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节的敏感度分别为97.08%、98.25%、99.42%、95.91%、99.42%、90.06%及99.42%,特异度依次为88.02%、83.23%、82.04%、88.02%、82.04%、86.83%及84.43%,曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.946、0.913、0.907、0.934、0.909、0.916及0.960。C-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS及AACE/ACE/AME指南的敏感度均高于K-TIRADS和ACR-TIRADS（P均<0.05）,Kawk-TIRADS和K-TIRADS的特异度均高于C-TIRADS、ATA指南、EU-TIRADS及AACE/ACE/AME指南（P均<0.05）,C-TIRADS和Kawk-TIRADS的AUC均高于其他TI-RADS（P均<0.05）。以Kwak-TIRADS、ATA指南、AACE/ACE/AME指南、K-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS、C-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节,同一TI-RADS中各等级结节恶性率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,且结节恶性率均随TI-RADS分类等级增高而上升。结论 C-TIRADS和Kawk-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节具有较高价值;其中,C-TIRADS敏感度较高,Kawk-TIRADS特异度较高。     

常规超声和超声造影鉴别诊断甲状腺皱缩结节与乳头状癌

目的 评价常规超声和超声造影（CEUS）鉴别诊断甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）4类及以上甲状腺皱缩结节（MTN）与甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）的价值。方法 纳入52例MTN、53个结节（MTN组）和47例PTC、48个结节（PTC组）,比较组间常规超声和CEUS特征差异,评价MTN特异性超声征象诊断MTN的效能。结果 组间TI-RADS分类差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。常规超声显示组间结节位置、纵横比、钙化形态、钙化位置、血流分布、囊壁塌陷征、同心圆征及声晕差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;结节最大径及回声特点差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;组间结节CEUS增强模式和壁增强模式差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。根据常规超声囊壁塌陷征、同心圆征、黑白双晕及CEUS结节无增强、壁增强诊断MTN的特异度及阳性预测值均为100%;无增强模式诊断MTN的敏感度、准确率与阴性预测值均显著高于常规超声指标及壁增强（P均<0.05）。结论 CEUS诊断MTN的效能显著优于常规超声,鉴别MTN与PTC具有较高临床价值。     

超声弹性成像鉴别诊断甲状腺实性小结节

目的 探讨实时超声弹性成像对常规超声定性困难的甲状腺单发实性小结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法 甲状腺单发实性小结节(最大直径≤15 mm)患者82例,行常规二维超声及彩色多普勒超声检查良恶性鉴别困难的,最后进行实时超声弹性成像检查,将弹性图分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ级,以病理结果为金标准进行比较。结果 实时超声弹性成像检查结果显示:Ⅰ～Ⅱ级12例,均为良性;Ⅲ级13例(良性5例,恶性8例); Ⅳ～Ⅴ级57例(良性3例,恶性54例)。以弹性分级Ⅳ ～Ⅴ级作为诊断甲状腺癌的预测指标,其特异度85.0%,灵敏度87.1%,准确率86.6%,阳性预测值94.7%,阴性预测值68.0%。结论 实时超声弹性成像对常规超声定性困难的甲状腺单发实性小结节良恶性鉴别有较高的诊断价值。     

The effect of thyroxine-suppressive therapy in patients with solitary non-toxic thyroid nodules -- a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

The efficacy of thyroxine (T(4)) for solitary non-toxic thyroid nodule remains uncertain. In this study, 60 patients with solitary non-toxic thyroid nodule were divided randomly into two groups. Group I (n = 30) received thyroxine 100 microg/day for 6 months and group II (n = 30) received placebo. The volume of the thyroid nodules in 11 patients decreased more than 50% after thyroxine therapy (36.7%, responders). In these 11 patients, the mean serum thyroglobulin level decreased significantly (340 +/- 115 to 162 +/- 86 microg/l, p < 0.01). Compared with the non-responders (n = 19, 63.3%), the serum thyroglobulin level before treatment was significantly higher (340 +/- 115 vs. 220 +/- 102 microg/l, p < 0.05). Thyroxine-suppressive therapy is proved as a useful tool in reducing nodule size in some patients with solitary thyroid nodules. The patients with a higher serum thyroglobulin level generally respond better to thyroxine-suppressive therapy.     

Including practice data to improve evidence-based guidelines. Example of guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules

Although clinical guidelines are based on the best evidence available, their proliferation has often failed to change actual practice. One of the many explanations suggested is that there is a gap between the expectations of the targeted professionals and the recommendations in the guidelines. In this study, we attempted to take into account the state of current practice and the physicians' priorities. Using the example of guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules, three different surveys have been conducted: (1) an analysis of physicians' expectations and practice through a postal questionnaire to define appropriate questions; (2) a survey of the professionals' expert opinions, and (3) a prospective study of the use of these guidelines in the management of 253 patients. The results of these surveys have modified the development of the guidelines, and helped us to adapt the content of the guidelines to match physicians' practices more closely.     

甲状腺结节超声引导下细针抽吸活检的诊断价值及研究进展

甲状腺结节已成为一种是多种常见甲状腺疾病的共同表现,如何正确地早期诊断对临床治疗方案的选择以及预后均具有重要的影响。随着超声医学技术的不断发展,超声引导下细针抽吸活检技术是近年来逐渐发展起来的一项新技术,将二维超声与细针抽吸活检相结合,具有创伤小且安全有效的特点,逐渐成为鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的重要方法。该文就二维超声、细针抽吸活检以及超声弹性成像在甲状腺结节的应用进行综述。     

经皮射频消融治疗甲状腺良性结节的疗效及影响因素

目的探讨甲状腺良性结节射频消融治疗的疗效及影响因素,以提高甲状腺良性结节消融治疗的效果。 方法选取2013年4月至2016年6月在解放军总医院就诊的甲状腺结节患者468例,甲状腺良性结节482个,其中,女性356个,男性126个,年龄14~82岁,结节最大径0.7~9.2 cm;实性结节258个,囊实性结节224个,甲状腺结节合并桥本氏甲状腺炎96个。甲状腺结节经皮穿刺射频消融术后即刻、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月及24个月行常规超声及超声造影检查,观察局部疼痛、红肿、皮肤感染、声音嘶哑等并发症的发生率,同时计算结节的体积缩小率,将结节按照囊实性比例、大小、是否有桥本病背景、性别、年龄进行分组,结节大小、有无桥本、性别、年龄大小分组组间比较采用独立样本t检验,甲状腺结节囊实性比例组间甲状腺结节体积缩小率比较采用方差分析。 结果甲状腺良性结节射频消融术后体积明显缩小,术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月及24个月结节体积缩小率分别为：（51.2±5.7）%、（69.7±4.3）%、（84.6±3.7）%、（89.3±2.9）%、（93.7±1.6）%、（94.9±1.4）%;甲状腺结节囊性成分<20%、囊性成分20%~80%、囊性成分>80% 3组,术后1、3、6、12、18及24个月组间缩小率比较,差异均有统计学意义（F=66.858、69.101、19.410、49.559、146.653、309.950,P均<0.001）,囊性成分比例越高,消融灶缩小越快;将囊性成分<20%的结节,按照最大径≤3 cm及>3 cm、是否有桥本病背景进行分组,术后1、3、6、12、18及24个月组间缩小率比较,差异均有统计学意义（不同大小分组：t=9.710、8.925、9.899、12.734、17.226、42.580;是否有桥本背景分组：t=5.529、7.981、4.843、6.558、17.976、28.906,P均<0.001）,3 cm以下、无桥本氏甲状腺炎的结节射频消融后体积缩小更为显著;最大径≤3 cm且囊性成分<20%的结节在性别（男性、女性）、年龄（≤40岁、>40岁）组间,同一随访时间结节的体积缩小率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。 结论经皮射频消融治疗甲状腺良性结节是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法。     

“立体定向三点一线择优穿刺法”在甲状腺结节微创组织病理活检术中的应用价值

目的探讨“立体定向三点一线择优穿刺法”在超声引导甲状腺结节微创组织病理活检术中的应用价值。方法总结分析2009年9月—2012年4月我科应用“立体定向三点一线择优穿刺法”完成甲状腺结节微创组织病理活检921例（共1030个结节）的临床资料。结果 921例穿刺术用时6～26分钟,平均13分钟。结节直径0.3～2.3cm,平均0.92cm。结节直径〈0.5cm 165例,占17.9%。结节紧邻颈部大血管、神经、气管及食道（“危险区”）135例,占14.6%。921例患者活检取材,穿刺成功率为100%（921/921）。活检诊断为甲状腺癌的269例,良性病变652例。活检后行手术治疗385例,病理符合率98.4%。假阴性（甲状腺癌误诊为良性疾病）6例,假阴性率1.6%（6/385）。无假阳性。活检后患者均未出现明显不适,发生腺体表面及肌间少许渗出34例,无明显血肿形成,未经特殊处置,平均1个月后自行吸收。结论 “立体定向三点一线择优穿刺法”应用简便、准确,缩短了手术时间,同时提高了病理的检出率,降低了手术风险。提高了手术的成功率。     

超声造影与增强CT鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节

目的 对比超声造影（CEUS）与增强CT鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的价值。方法 纳入179例甲状腺结节患者、共229个结节,根据结节性质分为良性组（n=83）和恶性组（n=146）;观察结节CEUS和增强CT特征,以病理结果为金标准,对比2种影像学方法鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的效能。结果 良、恶性组甲状腺结节CEUS增强强度、增强模式及有无环绕增强差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;增强CT强化特点、边缘情况、甲状腺边缘有无中断及钙化性质差异亦均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。CEUS诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为89.73%、78.31%及85.59%;增强CT诊断分别为78.08%、71.08%及75.55%。结论 CEUS和增强CT鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节均有一定价值;CEUS的诊断效能总体优于增强CT。