余隙率对内置扭带换热管传热性能影响的数值研究

为了研究管内插入扭带对换热的影响,建立了余隙率分别为0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3的内置扭带换热管流体流动的三维物理模型,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型对这几种余隙率的扭带换热管的流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟,分析了插入不同余隙率扭带换热管的换热效果和流动阻力。结果表明,Nu数和摩擦阻力系数均随着余隙率的增大而减小,在低Re数的时候内置扭带有明显的经济性,特别是余隙率为0.1的扭带换热管综合性能最高,强化传热效果最为明显。     

Φ42换热管内置铝制扭带转动特性和阻力特性的研究

在Ф42换热管中放入内插物——铝制扭带,研究不同型式扭带的转动特性和阻力特性,通过非线性回归分别得出转速和压降的试验回归公式,并与现有的理论公式比较,验证试验的正确性;另外,还研究了影响扭带转速和阻力的因素,得出与结构参数相关的转速关联式和摩擦阻力系数关联式。     

新型扭带在层流中强化传热性能的数值模拟研究

提出一种新型的正反两个方向交替扭转的扭带模型,并基于ANSYS FLUENT软件在层流状态下(Re=400～18 00)对换热管中插入新型扭带的换热特性、流体阻力特性和综合性能指标进行数值模拟研究。对y=3.0,4.5,6.0三种扭率下的无缺口正反扭转扭带与传统单一方向扭带进行对比研究,并对扭率y=3.0的无缺口正反扭转扭带和带有三角、半圆及方形缺口的正反扭转扭带进行了对比计算。研究结果表明:插入不同扭率的扭带,换热管的努赛尔数Nu、摩擦系数f与综合性能PEC值均随着扭率的减小而增大;相同扭率下无缺口的正反扭转扭带在强化换热效果和综合性能表现上要优于传统扭带;扭率为3.0时,无缺口的正反扭转扭带比带三种缺口的正反扭转扭带换热效果好,而缺口的存在可以大幅度地降低插入扭带产生的摩擦阻力,且缺口的面积越大,摩擦和换热效果降低越多。     

纳米流体在内置扭带外螺纹管内的流动和换热特性

为了研究纳米流体在内置扭带外螺纹管内的流动与传热特性,在Re(雷诺数)为2 000~12 000的范围内,分别对质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的Cu、Al、A1_2O3、Fe_2O_3、多壁碳纳米管和石墨纳米流体在内置扭带外螺纹管内的流动与对流换热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:在相同Re下不同纳米流体都存在最佳浓度比0.5%,其中Cu-水纳米流体的换热性能最好但是摩擦阻力较大,石墨的换热性能和摩擦阻力方面的综合性能最好。内置扭带外螺纹管较光管在换热性能方面提高了50.32%,但摩擦阻力系数也相应增加。根据实验数据对热性能系数进行了综合分析,得到了石墨纳米流体内置扭带外螺纹管对流换热以及摩擦阻力系数关联式,其计算值和实验值有较好的吻合度。     

扭带强化传热性能的数值与实验研究

通过模拟和实验的方法研究在湍流工况下(3 000Re10 000)换热器管内插入不同扭带模型后的传热特性和阻力特性。区别于传统螺旋扭带,提出一种顺时针与逆时针交替扭转的正反扭带。对不同扭率的传统扭带以及扭率为3的无缺口和半圆缺口正反转扭带进行模拟计算,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比验证。结果表明:在湍流流态下,雷诺数越小,扭带的强化换热效果表现越好;对不同扭率的扭带,其努塞尔数、摩擦系数和综合性能指标随扭率的减小而增大;扭率为3时,两种正反扭带的强化换热效果均优于传统扭带,无缺口正反扭带的换热效果最好;模拟计算的结果数据与实验结果数据比较,最大误差不超过8%。     

多叶螺旋线圈强化平板太阳能集热器换热的试验研究

用铜丝制成双叶螺旋线圈和三叶螺旋线圈内插物,置于平板型太阳能集热器的流道内,以强化流道管壁与工作介质之间换热。在定热流条件下,进行了空管、扭带管、双叶螺旋线圈管和三叶螺旋线圈管的换热性能研究;在常温下进行了阻力试验。试验结果表明,双叶螺旋线圈管Nu数增加了68.4%～200.7%,阻力系数增加238.7%～794.6%;三叶螺旋线圈Nu数增加106.1%～272%,阻力系数增加470.8%～906.8%。通过回归分析给出了f和Nu与影响因素计算式。研究表明,双叶螺旋线圈管道和三叶螺旋线圈管道换热均优于空管和扭带管;三叶螺旋线圈管道比双叶螺旋线圈的换热效果更佳。     

横纹槽管内插断续扭带复合强化传热的实验研究

本研究以导热油为工质,在层流和过渡流(Re7 000)范围内研究横纹槽管内插三种不同规格的断续扭带和同扭率(Y=4.13)连续扭带的流动与强化换热特性。将实验数据进行回归分析得到了阻力系数和Nu的实验关联式,为复合强化传热的计算提供了理论依据。研究表明:横纹槽管内插扭带的综合换热性能优于内插相同扭带的光管,横纹槽管内插长度为66 mm的断续扭带的综合换热性能要优于同条件下内插连续扭带的光管。实验结果可为换热器的改造和新型换热器的设计提供理论依据。     

换热管内插开圆孔扭带提高传热效率

文章简述传热设备的强化传热的节能技术;通过自制不同规格自旋开孔扭带置入换热管进行冷态实验和热态实验,分析换热管内插扭带后传热效果的改变;用实验数据解析扭带转速、压力降、传热系数与流速的内在关系,验证出开孔扭带比光滑扭带的强化传热效果更好,为企业在节能降耗改造现有换热器设备中提高其传热效率提供理论依据。     

低 Re 数下的强化传热及其方法评价

对光管、内插扭带管、螺旋槽管三种不同换热元件进行了实验，整理出了管内换热与阻力经验公式，导出了管内流动火用损失方程。根据经验公式与火用损失方程，计算了三种元件的最佳流动工况Ｒｅｏｐｔ及最小火用损失率Ｎｅｍｉｎ。通过比较与分析，得出了高粘性流体管内最佳工况为层流，及低Ｒｅ数下，内插扭带管的换热与阻力综合性能较优等结论。     

扭带强化管内单相对流换热的研究进展

能源与材料费用的不断增长推进了高效节能换热器的发展.在管壳式换热器中,为强化管内单相对流换热并有效清除污垢,制造工艺简单、拆装维修方便的管内插入物-扭带被广泛应用.介绍了多种扭带的结构和特点,分析了扭带强化管内单相对流换热的机理.从连续扭带、闻隔扭带、异型扭带、清洗扭带和复合强化技术五个方面,对扭带强化管内单相对流换热...     

窄缝环形流道内流动传热特性的实验研究

对竖直及水平窄缝环形流道内单相水受迫对流换热进行了实验研究。详细介绍了实验装置和方法。实验结果表明:窄缝环形流道内流动换热的Nu数与普通圆管内公式计算值不同,不能采用传统的圆管内的对流换热模型来计算。窄缝环形流道进行对流换热时,从层流向紊流过渡较普通圆管明显提前。分析了测壁温与分离系数法之间的差别,应用修正的Dittus Boelter公式所计算的窄缝环形流道内的Nu数与实验数据吻合较好。图6参9     

Pressure drop and thermal characteristics of CuO-base oil nanofluid laminar flow in flattened tubes under constant heat flux

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of nanofluid flow inside horizontal flattened tubes under constant heat flux. The nanofluid is prepared by dispersion of CuO nanoparticle in base oil and stabilized by means of an ultrasonic device. Nanofluids with different particle weight concentrations of 0.2%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% are used. Copper tubes of 11.5 mm I.D. are flattened into oblong shapes and used as test sections. The nanofluid flowing inside the tube is heated by an electrical heating coil wrapped around it. Required data are acquired for laminar and hydrodynamically fully developed flow inside round and flattened tubes.The effect of different parameters such as flow Reynolds number, flattened tube internal height and nanofluid particle concentration on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of the flow is studied. Observations show that the heat transfer performance is improved as the tube profile is flattened. Flattening the tube profile resulted in pressure drop increasing. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient as well as pressure drop is increased by using nanofluid instead of base fluid. Furthermore, the performance evaluation of the two enhanced heat transfer techniques studied in this investigation shows that applying flattened tubes instead of the round tube is a more effective way to enhance the convective heat transfer coefficient compared to the second method which is using nanofluids instead of the base liquid.     

The Effect of Tube Flattening on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement

The present study investigated the effect of smooth tube flattening on heat transfer enhancement in an evaporator. The tubes with internal diameter of 8.7 mm were flattened into an oblong shape with different inside heights. The test setup was basically a vapor compression refrigeration system equipped with all necessary measuring instruments. Refrigerant R-134a flowing inside the tube was heated by an electrical coil heater wrapped around it. The ranges of mass velocities were from 74 to 106 kg/m²-s and vapor quality varied from 25% to 95%. Analysis of the collected data indicated that the heat transfer coefficient elevates by increasing the mass velocity and vapor quality in flattened tubes just like the round tube. The flow boiling heat transfer coefficient increases when the flattened tube is used instead of the round tube. The highest heat transfer coefficient enhancement of 172% was achieved for the tube with the lowest inside height at mass velocity of 106 kg/m²-s and vapor quality of 85%. Finally, based on the present experimental results, a correlation was developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient in flattened tubes.     

An Experimental Study of Condensation Heat Transfer in Sub-Millimeter Rectangular Tubes

The characteristics of local heat transfer and pressure drops were experimentally investigated using condensing R134a two-phase flow, in single rectangular tubes, with hydraulic diameter of 0.494, 0.658, and 0.972 mm. New experimental techniques were used to measure the in-tube condensation heat transfer coefficient especially for the low heat and mass flows. Tests were performed for a mass flux of 100, 200, 400, and 600 kg/m2s, a heat flux of 5 to 20 kW/m2, and a saturation temperature of 40℃. In this study, effect of heat flux, mass flux, vapor qualities, and hydraulic diameter on flow condensation were investigated and the experimental local condensation heat transfer coefficients and frictional pressure drop are shown. The experimental data of condensation Nusselt number are compared with previous correlations, most of which are proposed for the condensation of pure refrigerant in a relatively large inner diameter round tubes.     

Heat transfer analysis of plain and dimpled tubes with different spacings

Heat transfer enhancement by modifying the surface of tubes is commonly practiced throughout the world. Grooves, dimples, flutes or corrugations are placed inside and outside the surface of tubes and channels for enhancement. In this article, a novel method for heat transfer enhancement by varying the spacing between the tubes is reported. A comparison is made between the heat transfer performance of plain tubes and dimpled tubes at different spacings. For analysis, an experimental setup is fabricated and assembled. The flow is externally forced laminar flow of air over a hot tube maintained at constant temperature. Four different velocities of air 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m/s are considered in this study. Tube surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and Nusselt number are the parameters studied to analyze the thermal behavior of tubes at different spacings of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 cm. From the experimental investigation it is found that, apart from heat transfer enhancement by providing dimples on the tube surfaces, there is an optimal spacing between the tubes after which no further improvement is obtained. In this study, 3.0 cm is found to be the optimal spacing for both plain and dimpled tubes. However, the percentage value of heat transfer enhancement is greater with optimal spacing and for all velocities of air in dimpled tubes.     

Performance evaluation of flattened tube in boiling heat transfer enhancement and its effect on pressure drop

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R-134a flow boiling inside a horizontal plain tube and different flattened tubes. Round copper tubes with an inner diameter of 8.7 mm were flattened into an oblong shape with an internal height of 6.6 mm, 5.5 mm, 3.8 mm, and 2.8 mm. The test apparatus was basically a vapor compression refrigeration system equipped with all necessary measuring instruments. Analysis of the collected data showed that, by flattening the round tube, the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increased simultaneously. The performance of these tubes from the point of view of heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop increasing were evaluated. It was concluded that, the tube with an internal height of 5.5 mm has the best performance compared with the other flattened tubes. Finally, based on the present experimental pressure drop data, a correlation was developed to estimate the pressure drop in flattened tubes. This correlation predicts the experimental data of the present study within an error band of ± 20%.     

Saturated flow boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in small horizontal flattened tubes

This paper presents experimental results for flow boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF) in small flattened tubes. The tested flattened tubes have the same equivalent internal diameter of 2.2 mm, but different aspect height/width ratios (H/W) of ¼, ½, 2 and 4. The experimental data were compared against results for circular tubes using R134a and R245fa as working fluids at a nominal saturation temperature of 31 °C. For mass velocities higher than 200 kg/m²s, the flattened and circular tubes presented similar heat transfer coefficients. Such a behavior is related to the fact that stratification effects are negligible under conditions of higher mass velocities. Heat transfer correlations from the literature, usually developed using only circular-channel experimental data, predicted the flattened tube results for mass velocities higher than 200 kg/m²s with mean absolute error lower than 20% using the equivalent diameter to account for the geometry effect. Similarly, the critical heat flux results were found to be independent of the tube aspect ratio when the same equivalent length was kept. Equivalent length is a new parameter which takes into account the channel heat transfer area. The CHF correlations for round tubes predicted the flattened tube data relatively well when using the equivalent diameter and length. Furthermore, a new proposed CHF correlation predicted the present flattened tube data with a mean absolute error of 5%.     

紧凑传热管束受限空间内沸腾强化换热特性

海水淡化装置以及太阳能或余热吸收式制冷机中的蒸发换热器,采用管排外降膜式蒸发方式,它具有很多优点,但管间距离较大,以致尺寸较大,供液方式较复杂。将传热管束紧凑排列置于饱和状态液体中,将其变为满液式蒸发换热器,利用传热管束间受限空间内早期沸腾强化机理,将中小热负荷条件下的自然对流换热转化为核沸腾换热,在间隙尺寸适宜时,其换热性能可能优于降膜式蒸发换热器。对紧凑传热管束在受限空间内沸腾强化换热进行实验研究,确认了满液式蒸发换热器具有良好的换热性能,在中小热负荷条件下甚至超过降膜式蒸发换热器。     

Effects of heat exchanger tube geometries on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in a scaled in-containment refueling water storage tank

To determine the combined effects of the heat exchanger tube geometries of advanced light water reactors (ALWRs) passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in a scaled in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST), a total of 1,966 data (1,076 with horizontal tubes and 890 with vertical tubes) for q″ versus ΔT has been obtained using various combinations of tube diameters, surface roughness, and tube orientation. The experimental results show that (1) for both horizontal and vertical tubes, increased surface roughness enhances heat transfer whereas increased tube diameter decreases heat transfer, (2) both effects of the surface roughness and the tube diameter on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer are significantly greater for vertical tubes than horizontal tubes, (3) the effectiveness of two heat transfer mechanisms, i.e., enhanced heat transfer dur to liquid agitation by bubbles generated and reduced heat transfer by the formation of large vapor slugs and bubble coalescence, depends on the combined effects of the heat flux, surface roughness, and the tube orientation. In addition, two different forms of empirical heat transfer correlations are obtained that fit present experimental data within +35 and −20%.     

不同排列方式下三角翼波纹翅片管换热器的换热性能比较

应用三维数值模拟的方法对加装三角翼涡发生器的波纹翅片管换热器的流动换热特性进行了研究.3排换热圆管按顺排和叉排2种方式排列.结果表明:三角翼产生的纵向涡包括1个主涡和1个角涡.顺排布置时,纵向涡不但改善了尾迹区的换热,同时还大大强化了三角翼下游管排壁面的换热;叉排布置时,纵向涡在遇到后一个波谷时很快被抑制,换热的强化主要作用于尾迹区.ReD=3000时,与无三角翼的波纹翅片相比,三角翼波纹翅片的j、f,因子在顺排和叉排布置中分别增加了15.4%、10.5%和13.1%、7.0%.在不同排列方式下,三角翼产生的纵向涡均提高了波纹翅片管换热器的换热性能.